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Social Inequities, Vulnerabilities and Unintended Consequences","authors":["Axon, Stephen","Morrissey, John"],"year":2020,"journal":"Buildings & Cities","doi":"10.5334/bc.14","description":"The study investigates acceptance of, and impacts on, a socioeconomically deprived community from implementing a biomass energy system in residential buildings near Liverpool, UK.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Energy justice"],"method":["Mixed methods","Survey","Focus groups","Interviews","Case study"],"technology":["Residential biomass energy system"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Liverpool"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"bade2024","title":"Economic, Social, and Regulatory Challenges of Green Hydrogen Production and Utilization in the US: A Review","authors":["Bade, Shree Om","Tomomewo, Olusegun Stanley","Meenakshisundaram, Ajan","Ferron, Patrick","Oni, Babalola Aisosa"],"year":2024,"journal":"International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.157","description":"Review of Green Hydrogen research in the United States, examining economic viability, social acceptance, and policies and regulations as three crucial research areas.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Techno-economic analysis","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Green hydrogen"],"location_type":null,"geo":["United States"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"bai2023","title":"Sustainable Energy Transition in Southeast Asia: Energy Status Analysis, Comprehensive Evaluation and Influential Factor Identification","authors":["Bai, Wuliyasu","Zhang, Long","Lu, Shengfang","Ren, Jingzheng","Zhou, Zhiqiao"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2023.128670","description":"Provides a holistic view of energy security in Southeast Asia and identifies the critical factors affecting sustainable energy transition in the region.","epistemic_model":["Energy security studies","Multi-criteria decision analysis"],"method":["PESTEL analysis","Fuzzy multi-criteria decision making"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Southeast Asia"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"bailey2011","title":"Out of Sight but Not out of Mind? Public Perceptions of Wave Energy","authors":["Bailey, Ian","West, Jodie","Whitehead, Ian"],"year":2011,"journal":"Journal Of Environmental Policy & Planning","doi":"10.1080/1523908X.2011.573632","description":"Examines public attitudes to a wave energy test site under construction off the coast of Southwest UK, asking how far marine renewables are 'out of sight and out of mind' and using risk and reward perceptions to explore future attitudes.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Risk perception research"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Wave energy","Tidal energy"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Southwest UK"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"bal2023a","title":"A Fairway to Fairness: Toward a Richer Conceptualization of Fairness Perceptions for Just Energy Transitions","authors":["Bal, Michelle","Stok, Marijn","Bombaerts, Gunter","Huijts, Nicole","Schneider, Philipp","Spahn, Andreas","Buskens, Vincent"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2023.103213","description":"Review of how individual-level fairness perceptions are studied in energy social science, aiming to map extensions of fairness conceptualizations and measures for a just energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Environmental psychology","Social justice theory"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Citizens","Consumers"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"balest2018","title":"Local Reflections on Low-Carbon Energy Systems: A Systematic Review of Actors, Processes, and Networks of Local Societies","authors":["Balest, Jessica","Pisani, Elena","Vettorato, Daniele","Secco, Laura"],"year":2018,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2018.03.006","description":"The study identifies the main dimensions and aspects of territory that can address its change towards energy transition, based on the choices of the local population.","epistemic_model":["Socio-energy approach","Territorial approach","Conflict Management Triangle"],"method":["Systematic review","Content analysis"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"barney2022","title":"Energy Scenarios for the Faroe Islands: A MCDA Methodology Including Local Social Perspectives","authors":["Barney, Andrew","Petersen, Uni Reinert","Polatidis, Heracles"],"year":2022,"journal":"Sustainable Futures","doi":"10.1016/j.sftr.2022.100092","description":"The study evaluates future decarbonised energy system scenarios for the Faroe Islands using multi-criteria assessment that includes social criteria reflecting residents' preferences, to rank systems and gauge local acceptance of offshore technologies.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems planning","Multi-criteria decision analysis"],"method":["Modelling","Multi-criteria decision analysis"],"technology":["Offshore technologies"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Faroe Islands"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"bates2023","title":"Grab and Gone: Expert Perspectives on Innovation to Diffusion of Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage Technology","authors":["Bates, Alison","Lai, Matthew","Thao, William"],"year":2023,"journal":"Carbon Management","doi":"10.1080/17583004.2023.2235577","description":"The study investigates the adoption of direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) in Iceland and the potential for its diffusion into other contexts as a global decarbonization solution.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Innovation diffusion theory"],"method":["Interviews","Thematic analysis"],"technology":["Direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS)"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Iceland"],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"bauknecht2020","title":"Is Small Beautiful? A Framework for Assessing Decentralised Electricity Systems","authors":["Bauknecht, Dierk","Funcke, Simon","Vogel, Moritz"],"year":2020,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2019.109543","description":"The article proposes a framework for assessing decentralisation of the German electricity infrastructure from economic and social (participation) perspectives.","epistemic_model":["Energy economics","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":[],"technology":["Decentralised electricity infrastructure"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"baur2022","title":"Assessing the Social Acceptance of Key Technologies for the German Energy Transition","authors":["Baur, Dorothee","Emmerich, Philip","Baumann, Manuel Johann","Weil, Marcel"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energy Sustainability And Society","doi":"10.1186/s13705-021-00329-x","description":"The study assesses public general and local social acceptance of three energy technologies relevant for the German energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of energy technologies","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Stationary battery storage","Biofuel production plants","Hydrogen fuel station"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"baur2023","title":"Societal Acceptability of Large Stationary Battery Storage Systems","authors":["Baur, Dorothee","Baumann, Manuel Johann","Stuhm, Patrick","Weil, Marcel"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy Technology","doi":"10.1002/ente.202201454","description":"Examines how the visual impact (location and design) of large stationary battery storage affects its social acceptability.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Visual impact assessment"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Stationary battery storage"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"beauson2022","title":"The Complex End-of-Life of Wind Turbine Blades: A Review of the European Context","authors":["Beauson, J.","Laurent, A.","Rudolph, D. P.","Jensen, J. Pagh"],"year":2022,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2021.111847","description":"Review of the challenges in the end-of-life value chain of wind turbine blades, including recycling, legislation and the role of social acceptance in sustainable solutions.","epistemic_model":["Circular economy","Life cycle engineering"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Wind turbine blades"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"benard-sora2018","title":"Sustainable Urban Planning for a Successful Energy Transition on Reunion Island: From Policy Intentions to Practical Achievement","authors":["Benard-Sora, Fiona","Praene, Jean Philippe"],"year":2018,"journal":"Utilities Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.jup.2018.08.007","description":"The paper examines whether the legislative and policy frameworks of Reunion Island are sufficient to achieve the energy transition through renewable energy sources deployment.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy analysis","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":[],"technology":["Renewable energy sources"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Reunion Island"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"besco2021","title":"Public Opinion and Energy Politics in the Saskatchewan and North Dakota","authors":["Besco, Randy","Olive, Andrea","Eaton, Emily"],"year":2021,"journal":"Extractive Industries And Society-An International Journal","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2021.02.010","description":"Examines public support for energy transition and its predictors in two fracking-boom jurisdictions, Saskatchewan and North Dakota, comparing opinions on fracking, clean energy and energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Political science","Public opinion research"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Hydraulic fracturing","Clean energy"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Saskatchewan","North Dakota"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"betti2022","title":"Perceptions and Attitudes toward Blue Energy and Technologies in the Mediterranean Area: ASKYOURCITIZENSONBE","authors":["Betti, Gianni","Cervellera, Gian Piero","Gagliardi, Francesca","Gioia, Carmela","Patrizi, Nicoletta","Bastianoni, Simone"],"year":2022,"journal":"Frontiers In Energy Research","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.973952","description":"Describes the BLUE DEAL project survey of citizens' perceptions and attitudes toward blue (marine renewable) energy in the Mediterranean area to support deployment and policymaking.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of renewable energy","Participatory governance"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Blue energy","Marine renewable energies"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Mediterranean area"],"stakeholders":["Citizens"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"bhattarai2023","title":"Rationalizing Donations and Subsidies: Energy Ecosystem Development for Sustainable Renewable Energy Transition in Nepal","authors":["Bhattarai, Utsav","Maraseni, Tek","Apan, Armando","Devkota, Laxmi Prasad"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2023.113570","description":"The study examines why donor-supported and subsidized solar and wind technologies have failed in Nepal over three decades and derives recommendations for donation and subsidy use in the renewable energy sector.","epistemic_model":["Development studies","Energy policy"],"method":["Literature review","Interviews"],"technology":["Off-grid solar","Wind energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Nepal"],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"bhattarai2024","title":"Facilitating Sustainable Energy Transition of Nepal: A Best-Fit Model to Prioritize Influential Socio-Economic and Climate Perception Factors on Household Energy Behaviour","authors":["Bhattarai, Utsav","Maraseni, Tek","Devkota, Laxmi Prasad","Apan, Armando"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy For Sustainable Development","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101505","description":"The study investigates how socio-economic factors and climate change perceptions influence household energy preferences in Nepal, aiming to build a model of key variables and compare their respective impacts.","epistemic_model":["Energy social science","Environmental behaviour research"],"method":["Survey","Literature review","Regression analysis"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Nepal"],"stakeholders":["Households"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"bianchini2022","title":"Current Status and Grand Challenges for Small Wind Turbine Technology","authors":["Bianchini, Alessandro","Bangga, Galih","Baring-Gould, Ian","Croce, Alessandro","Ignacio Cruz, Jose","Damiani, Rick","Erfort, Gareth","Ferreira, Carlos Simao","Infield, David","Nayeri, Christian Navid","Pechlivanoglou, George","Runacres, Mark","Schepers, Gerard","Summerville, Brent","Wood, David","Orrell, Alice"],"year":2022,"journal":"Wind Energy Science","doi":"10.5194/wes-7-2003-2022","description":"The study reviews the status of small wind turbine technology in terms of technical maturity, diffusion and cost, and proposes five grand challenges and key enabling actions for its development.","epistemic_model":["Wind energy engineering","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Small wind turbines"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"biddau2022","title":"Unpacking the Psychosocial Dimension of Decarbonization between Change and Stability: A Systematic Review in the Social Science Literature","authors":["Biddau, Fulvio","Brondi, Sonia","Cottone, Paolo Francesco"],"year":2022,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su14095308","description":"Systematic review of psychosocial research on decarbonization, examining how socio-psychological processes affect decarbonization and vice versa, and identifying research gaps and biases.","epistemic_model":["Social psychology","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Systematic review","Literature review"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"bidwell2015","title":"Public Acceptance of Offshore Wind Energy: Relationships among General and Specific Attitudes","authors":["Bidwell, David","Affairs, Marine"],"year":2015,"journal":"","doi":null,"description":"Examines how general attitudes towards renewable energy and project-specific beliefs shape public acceptance of a proposed offshore wind farm off Block Island, Rhode Island.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Social science of energy acceptance"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Rhode Island"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"bidwell2016","title":"The Effects of Information on Public Attitudes toward Renewable Energy","authors":["Bidwell, David"],"year":2016,"journal":"Environment And Behavior","doi":"10.1177/0013916514554696","description":"Examines whether providing in-depth information about wind energy changes coastal residents' support for wind energy and the strength of their attitudes, testing the information-deficit model.","epistemic_model":["Information-deficit model","Social psychology of attitudes"],"method":[],"technology":["Wind energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Michigan"],"stakeholders":["Coastal residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"bidwell2017","title":"Ocean Beliefs and Support for an Offshore Wind Energy Project","authors":["Bidwell, David"],"year":2017,"journal":"Ocean & Coastal Management","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.06.012","description":"The study explores how underlying values and beliefs about the ocean influence public support for offshore wind energy on Block Island.","epistemic_model":["Values-Beliefs-Norms theory","Environmental 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Acceptance of a Nearshore Wind Farm","authors":["Bidwell, David"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113365","description":"Tracks tourists' acceptance of a nearshore offshore wind project on Block Island over time, before, during and after construction, and examines what explains it.","epistemic_model":["Values-Beliefs-Norms theory","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis","Path analysis"],"technology":["Nearshore offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Block Island"],"stakeholders":["Tourists","Seasonal residents"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"bilgin2024","title":"Identification of Perceived Challenges in the Green Energy Transition by Turkish Society through Sentiment Analysis","authors":["Bilgin, Ugur","Kara, Selin Soner"],"year":2024,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su16083367","description":"The study develops a Transformer-based NLP model to analyse social media comments and determine the evolving perception of Turkish society towards the green energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Computational social science","Natural language processing"],"method":["Transformer-based NLP model","Multi-label classification","Content analysis"],"technology":["Green energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Turkey"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"billing2022","title":"Combining Wind Power and Farmed Fish: Coastal Community Perceptions of Multi-Use Offshore Renewable Energy Installations in Europe","authors":["Billing, Suzannah-Lynn","Charalambides, George","Tett, Paul","Giordano, Michelle","Ruzzo, Carlo","Arena, Felice","Santoro, Anita","Lagasco, Fabrizio","Brizzi, Giulio","Collu, Maurizio"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2021.102421","description":"The study examines the local context for Social Licence to Operate for Multifunctional Offshore Installations combining fish farming with marine renewable energy at two potential deployment sites.","epistemic_model":["Social Licence to Operate theory","Action Situations theory"],"method":["Survey","Workshop"],"technology":["Multifunctional offshore installations combining fish farming with marine renewable energy (wind and waves)"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Reggio Calabria","Islay"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Macro","period":"2019"},{"id":"biresselioglu2020","title":"Individuals, Collectives, and Energy Transition: Analysing the Motivators and Barriers of European Decarbonisation","authors":["Biresselioglu, Mehmet Efe","Demir, Muhittin Hakan","Kaplan, Melike Demirbag","Solak, Berfu"],"year":2020,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2020.101493","description":"The study identifies barriers and motivators affecting Europe's energy transition across three decision-making levels and technological foci of the EU Energy Efficiency Directive.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Energy policy"],"method":["Literature review","Interviews","Focus groups","Content analysis"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Households","Consumers"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"biresselioglu2022","title":"Understanding the Citizen's Role in the Transition to a Smart Energy System: Are We Ready?","authors":["Biresselioglu, Mehmet Efe","Demir, Muhittin Hakan","Altinci, Sebnem"],"year":2022,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su14105902","description":"The study assesses levels of awareness, mindset and action regarding smart energy initiatives across European countries in relation to demographic and socioeconomic variables.","epistemic_model":["Energy social science","Consumer behaviour"],"method":["Survey","Statistical analysis"],"technology":["Smart energy systems"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Citizens"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"biresselioglu2024","title":"Unveiling Resistance and Opposition against Low-Carbon Energy Transitions: A Comprehensive Review","authors":["Biresselioglu, Mehmet Efe","Solak, Berfu","Savas, Zehra Funda"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2023.103354","description":"Systematic analysis of literature on resistance and opposition to the low-carbon energy transition, examining factors driving resistance across micro, meso and macro levels for consumer technologies, renewable energy and smart energy systems.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Energy social science"],"method":["Systematic review"],"technology":["Consumer technologies","Renewable energy","Smart energy systems"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"blecic2024","title":"Promoting Engagement and Inclusion: A Case Study on an Energy Community in Cagliari, Italy","authors":["Blecic, Ivan","Carrus, Alessandro Sebastiano","Desogus, Giuseppe","Muroni, Emanuel","Saiu, Valeria","Saliu, Maria Carla"],"year":2024,"journal":"","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-54096-7\\_38","description":"The study proposes an engagement method and planning tools to support participation in Renewable Energy Communities, exemplified by the first Solar Energy Community in Cagliari, Italy.","epistemic_model":["Participatory planning","Energy governance"],"method":["Case study"],"technology":["Renewable Energy Communities","Solar Energy Community"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Cagliari"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"blumer2018","title":"A Two-Level Analysis of Public Support: Exploring the Role of Beliefs in Opinions about the Swiss Energy Strategy","authors":["Blumer, Y. B.","Braunreiter, L.","Kachi, A.","Lordan-Perret, R.","Oeri, F."],"year":2018,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2018.05.024","description":"Investigates how public support for the Swiss national energy transition strategy differs from support for specific technologies (hydropower expansion and deep geothermal energy) and what factors influence each.","epistemic_model":["Political psychology","Social acceptance of energy technologies"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Hydropower","Deep geothermal energy"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Switzerland"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"bohm2018","title":"Laypeople's Affective Images of Energy Transition Pathways","authors":["Bohm, Gisela","Doran, Rouven","Pfister, Hans-Ruediger"],"year":2018,"journal":"Frontiers In Psychology","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01904","description":"The study explores the public perception of energy transition pathways, including behaviors, political strategies and technologies, through free associations.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Affective image analysis"],"method":["Affective image analysis","Free association task"],"technology":["Energy transition pathways","Carbon capture and storage","Nuclear power"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Norway","Germany"],"stakeholders":["Students"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"bolwig2020","title":"Climate-Friendly but Socially Rejected Energy-Transition Pathways: The Integration of Techno-Economic and Socio-Technical Approaches in the Nordic-Baltic Region","authors":["Bolwig, Simon","Bolkesjo, Torjus Folsland","Klitkou, Antje","Lund, Peter D.","Bergaentzle, Claire","Borch, Kristian","Olsen, Ole Jess","Kirkerud, Jon Gustav","Chen, Yi-kuang","Gunkel, Philipp Andreas","Skytte, Klaus"],"year":2020,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2020.101559","description":"The study outlines a framework to account for social acceptance in modelling energy-transition pathways for onshore wind power and power transmission in the Nordic-Baltic energy region.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Energy systems analysis"],"method":["Qualitative analysis","Modelling"],"technology":["Onshore wind","Power transmission"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Nordic-Baltic energy region"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"boomsma2020","title":"Community Compensation in the Context of Carbon Capture and Storage: Current Debates and Practices","authors":["Boomsma, Christine","ter Mors, Emma","Jack, Corin","Broecks, Kevin","Buzoianu, Corina","Cismaru, Diana M.","Peuchen, Ruben","Piek, Pim","Schumann, Diana","Shackley, Simon","Werker, Jasmin"],"year":2020,"journal":"International Journal Of Greenhouse Gas Control","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2020.103128","description":"Reviews the community compensation literature across low carbon technologies and European practices to draw lessons for compensation provision in future CCS projects.","epistemic_model":["Environmental social science","Energy justice"],"method":["Literature review","Case study"],"technology":["Carbon Capture and Storage","Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"borragan2024","title":"Consumers' Adoption Characteristics of Distributed Energy Resources and Flexible Loads behind the Meter","authors":["Borragan, G.","Ortiz, M.","Boning, J.","Fowler, B.","Dominguez, F.","Valkering, P.","Gerard, H."],"year":2024,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.114745","description":"Systematic review of intrinsic (user-dependent) and extrinsic (contextual) factors influencing residential and small SME adoption of distributed energy resources, to understand consumer decision-making.","epistemic_model":["Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology","Theory of Planned Behaviour"],"method":["Systematic review"],"technology":["Electric vehicles","Solar PV","Heat pumps","Home batteries","Smart appliances"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Households","Small and medium-sized enterprises"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"boso2017","title":"USES, RESISTANCES and ACCEPTANCE of EMERGENT HOUSEHOLD ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES the Case of the Wood-Burning Stove Exchange Program in Temuco, Chile","authors":["Boso, Alex","Ariztia, Tomas","Fonseca, Francisca"],"year":2017,"journal":"Revista Internacional De Sociologia","doi":"10.3989/ris.2017.75.4.17.04","description":"Case study of a stove replacement policy in Temuco, Chile, using the Multilevel perspective and Theory of Social Practices to describe lock-in mechanisms in sustainable energy transitions.","epistemic_model":["Multilevel perspective","Theory of Social Practices"],"method":["Case study","Interviews","Participant observation"],"technology":["Residential heating stoves"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Temuco"],"stakeholders":["Households","Policymakers"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"boso2020","title":"Narratives of Resistance to Technological Change: Drawing Lessons for Urban Energy Transitions in Southern Chile","authors":["Boso, Alex","Garrido, Jaime","Alvarez, Boris","Oltra, Christian","Hofflinger, Alvaro","Galvez, German"],"year":2020,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2020.101473","description":"The study explores residents' narratives of resistance to technological change in energy transitions away from firewood heating in two polluted southern Chilean cities.","epistemic_model":["Innovation systems theory","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Interviews","Content analysis"],"technology":[],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Temuco","Padre Las Casas"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"bouramdane2023","title":"Optimal Water Management Strategies: Paving the Way for Sustainability in Smart Cities","authors":["Bouramdane, Ayat-Allah"],"year":2023,"journal":"Smart Cities","doi":"10.3390/smartcities6050128","description":"The study uses Multi-Criteria Decision Making to evaluate smart city water management strategies against weighted criteria, in the context of urbanization and rising water demand.","epistemic_model":["Multi-criteria decision analysis","Water resource management"],"method":["Multi-Criteria Decision Making","Analytic Hierarchy Process"],"technology":["Offshore floating photovoltaic systems","Smart metering","Smart irrigation systems","Rainwater harvesting","Graywater recycling","Water desalination"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"bouramdane2024","title":"Crafting an Optimal Portfolio for Sustainable Hydrogen Production Choices in Morocco","authors":["Bouramdane, Ayat-Allah"],"year":2024,"journal":"Fuel","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2023.130292","description":"Evaluates hydrogen production technologies in Morocco against technical, economic, environmental and social criteria to identify the most suitable options for the country.","epistemic_model":["Multi-criteria decision analysis","Energy systems assessment"],"method":["Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Analytic Hierarchy Process (MCDM-AHP)"],"technology":["Hydrogen production technologies","Autothermal reforming with carbon capture and storage","Solar PV","Concentrated solar power","Offshore floating photovoltaic","Onshore wind","Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["Morocco"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"braunreiter2017","title":"The Neglected Importance of Corporate Perceptions and Positions for the Long-Term Development of CCS","authors":["Braunreiter, Lukas","Bennett, Simon J."],"year":2017,"journal":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1825","description":"The study asks what perceptions and positions fossil fuel companies hold on CCS and how these inform their decision making on CCS investment and advocacy.","epistemic_model":["Corporate strategy","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Interviews"],"technology":["Carbon capture and storage"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Experts","Developers"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"braunreiter2020","title":"How the Public Imagines the Energy Future: Exploring and Clustering Non-Experts' Techno-Economic Expectations towards the Future Energy System","authors":["Braunreiter, Lukas","Stauffacher, Michael","Blumer, Yann Benedict"],"year":2020,"journal":"Plos One","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0227369","description":"The study assesses the Swiss public's expectations of future energy systems and how these relate to the acceptability of energy policies and to techno-economic energy scenarios.","epistemic_model":["Energy transition studies","Science and technology studies"],"method":["Survey","Cluster analysis"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Switzerland"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"bruckmann2024","title":"Solar for Tenants: Survey Evidence on Design and Framing of Citizen-Financed Photovoltaic Projects in Switzerland","authors":["Bruckmann, Gracia","Ruprecht, Sophie","Stadelmann-Steffen, Isabelle"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2024.103819","description":"The study experimentally examines the social acceptance (socio-political and market) of citizen-financed rooftop solar PV projects among tenants, focusing on project design, framing and individual predispositions.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of renewable energy","Political psychology"],"method":["Survey experiment","Choice experiment"],"technology":["Citizen-financed solar PV"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Switzerland"],"stakeholders":["Tenants"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"brunet2022","title":"Does Solar Energy Reduce Poverty or Increase Energy Security? A Comparative Analysis of Sustainability Impacts of on-Grid Power Plants in Burkina Faso, Madagascar, Morocco, Rwanda, Senegal and South Africa","authors":["Brunet, Carole","Savadogo, Oumarou","Baptiste, Pierre","Bouchard, Michel A.","Cholez, Celine","Rosei, Federico","Gendron, Corinne","Sinclair-Desgagne, Bernard","Merveille, Nicolas"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2021.102212","description":"The study analyzes the extent to which on-grid solar PV power plants in six African countries act as a vector for sustainable development and poverty alleviation, and the role of governments in this.","epistemic_model":["Sustainable development","Energy policy"],"method":["Case study","Content analysis"],"technology":["On-grid solar PV power plants"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Burkina Faso","Madagascar","Morocco","Rwanda","Senegal","South Africa"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"brunsting2013","title":"`I Reject Your Reality and Substitute My Own!' Why More Knowledge about CO₂ Storage Hardly Improves Public Attitudes","authors":["Brunsting, Suzanne","de Best-Waldhober, Marjolein","Terwel, Bart W."],"year":2013,"journal":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.684","description":"The study tests the assumption that more public knowledge improves attitudes towards CO2 capture and storage (CCS) by examining how knowledge and perceptions of CCS influence attitude.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Science communication"],"method":[],"technology":["CCS"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"buchmann2023","title":"Responsibly Shaping Technology Innovation for the Energy Transition: An RRI Indicator System as a Tool","authors":["Buchmann, Tobias","Wolf, Patrick","Mueller, Matthias","Dreyer, Marion","Dratsdrummer, Frank","Witzel, Bianca"],"year":2023,"journal":"Frontiers In Research Metrics And Analytics","doi":"10.3389/frma.2023.1157218","description":"The paper develops a Responsible Research and Innovation indicator system to steer the design of energy transition innovations and thereby improve their social acceptance.","epistemic_model":["Responsible Research and Innovation","Innovation studies"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"buchmayr2021","title":"Understanding Attitudes towards Renewable Energy Technologies and the Effect of Local Experiences","authors":["Buchmayr, Astrid","Van Ootegem, Luc","Dewulf, Jo","Verhofstadt, Elsy"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en14227596","description":"Compares public attitudes towards four renewable energy technologies in Flanders and investigates how local experiences of energy facilities affect overall technology evaluation.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Social acceptance of renewable energy"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Onshore wind","Offshore wind","Waste-to-energy","Biomass power"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["Flanders"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"buchmayr2022","title":"Exploring the Global and Local Social Sustainability of Wind Energy Technologies: An Application of a Social Impact Assessment Framework","authors":["Buchmayr, A.","Verhofstadt, E.","Van Ootegem, L.","Thomassen, G.","Taelman, S. E.","Dewulf, J."],"year":2022,"journal":"Applied Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118808","description":"The study develops a social impact assessment framework for renewable energy technologies and applies it to a wind energy case study to assess global and local well-being impacts.","epistemic_model":["Social impact assessment","Sustainability assessment"],"method":["Case study","Social impact assessment"],"technology":["Offshore wind","Onshore wind"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"buerger2019","title":"German Energiewende different Visions for a (Nearly) Climate Neutral Building Sector in 2050","authors":["Buerger, Veit","Hesse, Tilman","Koehler, Benjamin","Palzer, Andreas","Engelmann, Peter"],"year":2019,"journal":"Energy Efficiency","doi":"10.1007/s12053-018-9660-6","description":"The study investigates how the German building stock can be transformed into a nearly climate-neutral state by 2050 through different target states combining efficiency and renewable energy supply.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems analysis","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Modelling"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":"2050"},{"id":"burke2018a","title":"Political Power and Renewable Energy Futures: A Critical Review","authors":["Burke, Matthew J.","Stephens, Jennie C."],"year":2018,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2017.10.018","description":"This conceptual review explores relationships between concentrated or distributed renewable energy and political power, drawing on the energy democracy movement.","epistemic_model":["Energy democracy","Political economy of energy"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Renewable energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"calvert2019","title":"Theorizing Energy Landscapes for Energy Transition Management: Insights from a Socioecological History of Energy Transitions in Bermuda","authors":["Calvert, Kirby","Greer, Kirsten","Maddison-MacFadyen, Margot"],"year":2019,"journal":"Geoforum; Journal Of Physical, Human, And Regional Geosciences","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.04.005","description":"The paper foregrounds a socioecological, spatially attentive perspective on energy transition and applies it to Bermuda's energy landscape history and renewable energy deployment.","epistemic_model":["Political ecology","Sustainability transition studies","Energy landscape theory"],"method":["Case study"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Bermuda"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Micro","period":"1819-2019"},{"id":"campos2022a","title":"Structuring the Problem of an Inclusive and Sustainable Energy Transition - A Pilot Study","authors":["Campos, Ines","Brito, Miguel","De Souza, Debora","Santino, Aias","Luz, Guilherme","Pera, David"],"year":2022,"journal":"Journal Of Cleaner 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Management","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119454","description":"The study proposes an extended-reality-based choice experiment methodology and applies it to assess public attitudes and preferences, especially visual impact perception, towards offshore wind turbines in Manfredonia.","epistemic_model":["Environmental economics","Visual impact assessment"],"method":["Discrete choice experiment","Extended reality"],"technology":["Offshore wind turbines"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Manfredonia"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"cerchione2025","title":"Balancing Sustainability and Circular Justice: The Challenge of the Energy Transition","authors":["Cerchione, Roberto","Morelli, Mariarosaria","Passaro, Renato","Quinto, Ivana"],"year":2025,"journal":"Journal Of Cleaner Production","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144942","description":"The study examines the intersection of the circular economy, the energy transition and justice concerns, advocating circular justice as a framework to mitigate disparities arising from the renewable energy shift.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Circular economy"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Renewable energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"chadwick2022","title":"The Role of Human Influences on Adoption and Rejection of Energy Technology: A Systematised Critical Review of the Literature on Household Energy Transitions","authors":["Chadwick, Kevin","Russell-Bennett, Rebekah","Biddle, Nicholas"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2022.102528","description":"A review synthesising research findings into a framework of psycho-social influences on household adoption and rejection of energy technology in energy transitions.","epistemic_model":["Consumer behaviour","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Systematic review","Thematic analysis","Meta-analysis"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["OECD countries"],"stakeholders":["Households","Consumers"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"chang2025","title":"Sustainable Energy Transition: Converting Textile Water Sludge (TWS) to Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) in Taiwan","authors":["Chang, Yen-Chen","Shen, Yun-Hwei"],"year":2025,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en18040774","description":"Review of Taiwan's production of solid recovered fuel from textile water sludge, covering technological processes, challenges, solutions and international comparisons.","epistemic_model":["Circular economy","Waste-to-energy systems"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Solid recovered fuel from textile water sludge"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Taiwan"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"chapman2018","title":"Curiosity, Economic and Environmental Reasoning: Public Perceptions of Liberalization and Renewable Energy Transition in Japan","authors":["Chapman, Andrew","Itaoka, Kenshi"],"year":2018,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2017.09.026","description":"Examines the reasoning behind Japanese energy users' choices to switch power providers and install rooftop photovoltaic systems, and tests hypothetical future energy scenarios.","epistemic_model":["Energy social science","Consumer behaviour"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Rooftop solar PV"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Japan"],"stakeholders":["General public","Households"],"scale":"Meso","period":"2017"},{"id":"chapman2022","title":"The Potential Role of Flying Vehicles in Progressing the Energy Transition","authors":["Chapman, Andrew","Fujii, Hidemichi"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en15197406","description":"The study investigates the potential role of flying vehicles in progressing the energy transition, considering their ethical, legal and social issues alongside energy and environmental impacts.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) research"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Flying vehicles"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"chapman2023","title":"The Just Transition in Japan: Awareness and Desires for the Future","authors":["Chapman, A.","McLellan, B.","Mabon, L.","Yap, J.","Karmaker, S. C.","Sen, K. K."],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2023.103228","description":"Investigates whether awareness of the Just Transition concept affects the Japanese public's desired outcomes, personal behaviors and preferences toward energy transition policies.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Japan"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"chawla2025","title":"Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Municipal Waste Management Project: Using a Survey of Professional Forecasters to Provide Reliable Projections until 2035","authors":["Chawla, Yash","Chojnacka, Katarzyna","Paca, Michal","Pudelko, Anna","Weron, Rafal","Zaleski, Przemyslaw"],"year":2025,"journal":"Journal Of Cleaner Production","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144945","description":"The study assesses the financial feasibility of selective kitchen and garden waste processing in closed biogas plants through a cost-benefit analysis of wet and dry fermentation and of energy recovery options.","epistemic_model":["Cost-benefit analysis","Circular economy"],"method":["Cost-benefit analysis","Survey","Modelling"],"technology":["Biogas plants","Combined heat and power","Compressed natural gas"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Poland"],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":"Meso","period":"2035"},{"id":"chen2022","title":"The Socio-Political Context of Energy Storage Transition: Insights from a Media Analysis of Chinese Newspapers","authors":["Chen, Yixin","Rowlands, Ian H."],"year":2022,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2021.102348","description":"Analyses how Chinese national newspapers represent energy storage, using the SPEED framework, to understand its socio-political context for large-scale development.","epistemic_model":["Socio-Political Evaluation of Energy Deployment (SPEED) framework","Media studies"],"method":["Content analysis"],"technology":["Energy storage"],"location_type":null,"geo":["China"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"cheng2013","title":"Engaging the Community with a ``Green Town'' Concept","authors":["Cheng, Ning","Fuerth, Mirjam","Johnson, Michael C.","Tay, Zhi Yung","Shenoi, R. Ajit","Wilson, Philip A."],"year":2013,"journal":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.672","description":"Describes the 'Green Town' community-scale air-capture CCS concept and evaluates public acceptance of it compared with conventional CCS.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of technology","Public engagement with science"],"method":["Survey","Comparative analysis"],"technology":["Carbon capture and storage","Direct air capture"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Southampton","Hamburg"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Macro","period":"2011"},{"id":"cheng2024","title":"The Competitive Edge of Norway's Hydrogen by 2030: Socio-environmental Considerations","authors":["Cheng, C.","van Greevenbroek, K.","Viole, I."],"year":2024,"journal":"International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.08.377","description":"Assesses whether Norway can become an important hydrogen exporter to the EU by 2030 under three scenarios, examining techno-economic viability, spatial and socio-economic considerations of blue and green hydrogen exports.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems analysis","Techno-economic assessment"],"method":["Modelling","Scenario analysis"],"technology":["Blue hydrogen","Green hydrogen","Carbon capture and storage","Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["Norway"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":"2030"},{"id":"chewinski2023","title":"Agricultural Landowner Perspectives on Wind Energy Development in Alberta, Canada: Insights from the Lens of Energy Justice and Democracy","authors":["Chewinski, Max","Anders, Sven","Parkins, John R."],"year":2023,"journal":"Environmental Sociology","doi":"10.1080/23251042.2023.2247627","description":"The study examines support and opposition to wind energy development among large-scale agricultural landowners in Alberta, drawing on energy democracy, distributive and procedural justice.","epistemic_model":["Energy democracy","Environmental justice"],"method":["Factorial survey experiment","Latent class analysis"],"technology":["Wind energy"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Alberta"],"stakeholders":["Large-scale agricultural landowners"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"chiocci2011","title":"Seafloor Mapping for Geohazard Assessment: State of the Art","authors":["Chiocci, Francesco L.","Cattaneo, Antonio","Urgeles, Roger"],"year":2011,"journal":"Marine Geophysical Research","doi":"10.1007/s11001-011-9139-8","description":"Editorial introducing a special issue on seafloor geohazard assessment through offshore mapping, summarizing the diverse approaches and the groups conducting them.","epistemic_model":["Marine geology","Geohazard assessment"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"chomac-pierzecka2024","title":"Offshore Energy Development in Poland-Social and Economic Dimensions","authors":["Chomac-Pierzecka, Ewa"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en17092068","description":"The study analyses the importance of offshore wind farms in Poland's energy system and assesses public perception of their construction.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of renewable energy","Energy economics"],"method":["Literature review","Survey","Statistical analysis"],"technology":["Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Poland"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"ciriminna2018","title":"Integrating Solar Energy in Rome's Built Environment: A Perspective for Distributed Generation on Global Scale","authors":["Ciriminna, Rosaria","Pecoraino, Mario","Meneguzzo, Francesco","Pagliaro, Mario"],"year":2018,"journal":"Advanced Sustainable Systems","doi":"10.1002/adsu.201800022","description":"The essay identifies technology solutions and policy and educational initiatives to achieve widespread uptake of decentralized solar energy systems in the built environment, using Rome as an emblematic case.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Sustainability transitions"],"method":[],"technology":["Decentralized solar energy systems","Building-integrated solar"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Rome"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"codemo2023","title":"Landscape-Based Spatial Energy Planning: Minimization of Renewables Footprint in the Energy Transition","authors":["Codemo, Anna","Ghislanzoni, Michela","Prados, Maria-Jose","Albatici, Rossano"],"year":2023,"journal":"Journal Of Environmental Planning And Management","doi":"10.1080/09640568.2023.2287978","description":"The paper proposes a spatially explicit methodological procedure for local spatial plans to implement photovoltaic systems, accounting for feasibility, community acceptance and landscape integration.","epistemic_model":["Landscape planning","Spatial planning"],"method":["Spatial analysis","Case study"],"technology":["Solar PV"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["Arcos de la Frontera"],"stakeholders":["Residents","Experts"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"coleman2009a","title":"Transport Infrastructure Rationale for Carbon Dioxide Capture & Storage in the European Union to 2050","authors":["Coleman, David L."],"year":2009,"journal":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.219","description":"The paper examines how a CO2 transportation infrastructure for Carbon Capture and Storage can be devised across the European Union, linking capture sites to storage locations.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems engineering","Infrastructure planning"],"method":[],"technology":["Carbon Capture and Storage"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["European Union"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"conde2025","title":"Rethinking Energy Transition: Approaches from Social Representations Theory","authors":["Conde, Julio J.","Takano-Rojas, Harumi"],"year":2025,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.104001","description":"A literature review examining the role of Social Representations Theory in understanding societal perspectives on energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Social Representations Theory","Social psychology"],"method":["Literature review","Content analysis"],"technology":["Renewable energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"constantinou2024","title":"A Review on Technological and Urban Sustainability Perspectives of Advanced Building-Integrated Photovoltaics","authors":["Constantinou, Stephanos","Al-naemi, Faris","Alrashidi, Hameed","Mallick, Tapas","Issa, Walid"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy Science & Engineering","doi":"10.1002/ese3.1639","description":"Review of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) technologies, with emphasis on semitransparent PV, covering applications, challenges, performance optimization and prospects for the energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Building physics and architectural design","Sustainability transitions"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Building-integrated photovoltaics","Semitransparent photovoltaics"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"coppola2023","title":"Simulation of a Sorption-Enhanced Methanation Process with CaO in a Dual Interconnected Fluidized Bed System","authors":["Coppola, Antonio","Massa, Fiorella","Scala, Fabrizio"],"year":2023,"journal":"Fuel","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2022.127374","description":"Simulation of sorption-enhanced catalytic methanation in a dual interconnected fluidized bed system to produce synthetic methane for energy storage and grid injection.","epistemic_model":["Chemical engineering","Process engineering"],"method":["Modelling","Thermodynamic analysis"],"technology":["Synthetic methane","Sorption-enhanced methanation"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"cotterman2021","title":"Applying Risk Tolerance and Socio-Technical Dynamics for More Realistic Energy Transition Pathways","authors":["Cotterman, Turner","Small, Mitchell J.","Wilson, Stephen","Abdulla, Ahmed","Wong-Parodi, Gabrielle"],"year":2021,"journal":"Applied Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116751","description":"The study integrates social acceptance of nuclear power into an energy systems model to show how sociotechnical constraints alter deep decarbonization pathways and the optimal generation mix.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems modelling","Risk perception research"],"method":["Modelling","Scenario analysis"],"technology":["Nuclear power"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["United States"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"cranmer2022","title":"Immersion Matters: The Medium Is the Message for Wind Energy","authors":["Cranmer, Alexana","Ericson, Jonathan D.","Broughel, Anna","Dharni, Kira"],"year":2022,"journal":"Journal Of Cleaner Production","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134498","description":"The study examines whether immersive media (VR, 360-degree video) versus 2D photos and videos change public perceptions of and support for wind projects, in the context of U.S. offshore wind growth.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Science communication"],"method":["Survey","Experiment"],"technology":["Wind energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Massachusetts"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"cranmer2023","title":"Getting to 30 GW by 2030: Visual Preferences of Coastal Residents for Offshore Wind Farms on the US East Coast","authors":["Cranmer, Alexana","Broughel, Anna Ebers","Ericson, Jonathan","Goldberg, Mike","Dharni, Kira"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113366","description":"Provides a baseline of US East Coast residents' visual preferences for offshore wind farms, examining how distance from shore, project size, turbine size and bird presence affect visual perception and willingness to accept projects.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Visual impact assessment"],"method":["Discrete choice experiment"],"technology":["Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["US East Coast"],"stakeholders":["Coastal residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"crowe2020","title":"Is the Just Transition Socially Accepted? Energy History, Place, and Support for Coal and Solar in Illinois, Texas, and Vermont","authors":["Crowe, Jessica A.","Li, Ruopu"],"year":2020,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2019.101309","description":"The study examines public perceptions of coal and solar energy and support for policies enabling a transition from coal to solar, and how place shapes these attitudes.","epistemic_model":["Environmental sociology","Place attachment theory"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Coal","Solar energy"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Saline County","Houston","Burlington"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"czarnecka2022","title":"Grants and Funding for the Processes of Decarbonization in the Scope of Sustainability Development-the Case from Poland","authors":["Czarnecka, Marzena","Chudy-Laskowska, Katarzyna","Kinelski, Grzegorz","Lew, Grzegorz","Sadowska, Beata","Wojcik-Jurkiewicz, Magdalena","Budka, Borys"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en15207481","description":"The study examines how the Polish public perceives decarbonization directions and which socio-economic features affect assessment of decarbonization funded by central or local funds, to inform a sustainable energy strategy.","epistemic_model":["Social sciences","Energy policy studies"],"method":["Survey","Chi-square test","Mann-Whitney U test","Kruskal-Wallis test"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Poland"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"dall-orsoletta2022a","title":"A Systematic Review of Social Dynamics in Complex Energy System Models","authors":["Dall-Orsoletta, Alaize","Ferreira, Paula Varandas","Dranka, Geremi Gilson"],"year":2022,"journal":"","doi":null,"description":"Systematic literature review of system dynamics energy systems models to identify whether and how they incorporate social aspects and whether these metrics can show how renewable and low-carbon technologies contribute to a just energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems modelling","System dynamics","Just energy transition"],"method":["Systematic review"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies","Low-carbon technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"dasilva2024","title":"Renewable Energy Potentials and Roadmap in Brazil, Austria, and Germany","authors":["da Silva, Gustavo Henrique Romeu","Nascimento, Andreas","Baum, Christoph Daniel","Mathias, Mauro Hugo"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en17061482","description":"Literature review of hydrogen energy potential and roadmaps, examining renewable energy and hydrogen policies in Brazil, Austria and Germany.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Hydrogen energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Brazil","Austria","Germany"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"deazevedodantas2019","title":"Wind Power on the Brazilian Northeast Coast, from the Whiff of Hope to Turbulent Convergence: The Case of the Galinhos Wind Farms","authors":["de Azevedo Dantas, Eduardo Janser","Rosa, Luiz Pinguelli","da Silva, Neilton Fidelis","Pereira, Marcio Giannini"],"year":2019,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su11143802","description":"The study assesses how the arrival of wind power relates to the demands of communities living near wind projects in Brazil's northeast, and its institutional, socio-economic and environmental repercussions, through the Galinhos community case.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Environmental sociology"],"method":["Case study","Content analysis"],"technology":["Wind power"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Galinhos"],"stakeholders":["Local communities","Residents"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"dekeyser2023","title":"Heterogeneous Consumer Preferences for Carbon Neutral Electricity Generation","authors":["De Keyser, Erika","Lijesen, Mark G."],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy Reports","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2023.02.034","description":"The study identifies consumer preferences for carbon neutral generation technologies and links them to respondents' characteristics, knowledge, concerns and political preferences.","epistemic_model":["Environmental economics","Consumer preference theory"],"method":["Discrete choice experiment","Latent class logit model"],"technology":["Nuclear energy","Fossil fuels with CCS","Renewable energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Netherlands","Flanders"],"stakeholders":["Consumers"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"delbarrioalvarez2024","title":"Are All Renewable Energy Sources the Same? A Comparative Analysis of Public Perceptions and Preferences for Renewable Energy Types in Southeast Asian Cities","authors":["del Barrio Alvarez, Daniel","Wang, Nan","Sugiyama, Masahiro","Numata, Masako","Thuy, Truong Dang","Aziz, Azlina Abd","Palanca-Tan, Rosalina","Ze Ya, Aung","Yusuf, Ariel Anshory","Ghani, Awang Noor Abd.","Castillo, Gem","Siyaranamual, Martin Daniel","Phrakonkham, Sengprasong","Nitivattananon, Vilas","Swe, Wunna"],"year":2024,"journal":"Sustainability Science","doi":"10.1007/s11625-024-01588-1","description":"Comparative analysis of public preferences for renewable energy sources in eight major urban areas across seven Southeast Asian countries, to support a sustainable energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Energy social science"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Solar PV","Wind","Hydro","Geothermal","Bioenergy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Southeast Asia"],"stakeholders":["Citizens"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"delina2023","title":"Mapping the Actor Landscape of a Future Fintech-Funded Renewable Energy Ecosystem in Hong Kong","authors":["Delina, Laurence L.","Lam, Rainbow Yi Hung","Tang, Wing Shun","Wong, Ka Ying"],"year":2023,"journal":"Journal Of Environmental Studies And Sciences","doi":"10.1007/s13412-023-00839-4","description":"The study asks who could be the actors in an emergent fintech renewable energy ecosystem that blends finance, digital technology and renewable energy, focusing on Hong Kong.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Energy finance"],"method":["Interviews"],"technology":["Peer-to-peer energy trading using blockchain","Renewable energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Hong Kong"],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"delooze2023","title":"To Wind up Changed: Assessing the Value of Social Conflict on Onshore Wind Energy in Transforming Institutions in the Netherlands","authors":["de Looze, Annemiek","Cuppen, Eefje"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2023.103195","description":"The study empirically investigates if and how social conflict leads to institutional change, and how such change can be assessed, in the Dutch transition to onshore wind energy.","epistemic_model":["Ecologies of Participation framework","Institutional change theory","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Document analysis","Interviews"],"technology":["Onshore wind"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Netherlands"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":"2013-2022"},{"id":"demir2021","title":"Socio-Spatial Sensitivity Areas in Wind Energy Transition: The Case of Izmir","authors":["Demir, Basak","Ataov, Anil"],"year":2021,"journal":"Planlama-Planning","doi":"10.14744/planlama.2021.09226","description":"The study examines social sensitivity areas and public opposition to wind energy production in Izmir, Turkey's leading city for wind farms.","epistemic_model":["Environmental sociology","Social acceptance of renewable energy"],"method":[],"technology":["Wind energy"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Izmir"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"desing2024","title":"Mobilizing Materials to Enable a Fast Energy Transition: A Conceptual Framework","authors":["Desing, Harald","Widmer, Rolf","Bardi, Ugo","Beylot, Antoine","Billy, Romain G.","Gasser, Martin","Gauch, Marcel","Monfort, Daniel","Muller, Daniel B.","Raugei, Marco","Remmen, Kirsten","Schenker, Vanessa","Schlesier, Hauke","Valdivia, Sonia","Wager, Patrick"],"year":2024,"journal":"Resources Conservation And Recycling","doi":"10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.107314","description":"The paper presents a framework to explore joint energy-material transformations, considering how material mobilization shapes the pace of the renewable energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Industrial ecology","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":[],"technology":["Renewable energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"dessi2022","title":"Sustainable Technology Acceptability: Mapping Technological, Contextual, and Social-Psychological Determinants of EU Stakeholders' Biofuel Acceptance","authors":["Dessi, F.","Ariccio, S.","Albers, T.","Alves, S.","Ludovico, N.","Bonaiuto, M."],"year":2022,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2022.112114","description":"Qualitative study identifying barriers and facilitators of biofuel technology acceptability among EU stakeholders.","epistemic_model":["Social psychology of technology acceptance","Sustainability transitions"],"method":["Interviews","Content analysis"],"technology":["Biofuels"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"desvallees2023b","title":"In the Shadow of Nuclear Dependency: Competing Pathways and the Social Acceptance of Offshore Wind Energy in France","authors":["Desvallees, Lise","de Sartre, Xavier Arnauld"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2023.103029","description":"Examines, through a case study of France, how scale and place-based dependencies shape opposition to and acceptance of offshore wind across its manufacturing and siting phases.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance studies","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Case study"],"technology":["Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["France"],"stakeholders":["Local opponents","Local stakeholders"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"devine-wright2020a","title":"Understanding Community Acceptance of a Potential Offshore Wind Energy Project in Different Locations: An Island-Based Analysis of `place-Technology Fit'","authors":["Devine-Wright, Patrick","Wiersma, Bouke"],"year":2020,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111086","description":"Examines upstream community acceptance and place-technology fit of a potential offshore wind project in Guernsey before it is proposed, addressing scarce research on pre-proposal acceptance.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Social acceptance of renewable energy"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Guernsey"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"dewildt2019","title":"Conflicting Values in the Smart Electricity Grid a Comprehensive Overview","authors":["de Wildt, T. E.","Chappin, E. J. L.","van de Kaa, G.","Herder, P. M.","van de Poel, I. R."],"year":2019,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2019.05.005","description":"The paper aims to anticipate social acceptance issues in the deployment of the smart electricity grid by identifying underlying value conflicts.","epistemic_model":["Value-sensitive design","Science and technology studies"],"method":[],"technology":["Smart electricity grid"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"diaz-motta2023","title":"Energy Sustainability Assessment of Offshore Wind-Powered Ammonia","authors":["Diaz-Motta, Armando","Diaz-Gonzalez, Francisco","Villa-Arrieta, Manuel"],"year":2023,"journal":"Journal Of Cleaner Production","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138419","description":"Literature review of the production of renewable ammonia from offshore wind energy, identifying its strengths and challenges for achieving competitiveness.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems engineering","Techno-economic assessment"],"method":["Literature review","Comparative analysis"],"technology":["Offshore wind-powered ammonia","Solid oxide electrolysis","Haber-Bosch synthesis"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"dilshara2025","title":"Transforming Nickel Toxicity into Resource Recovery through Phytomining: Opportunities and Applications in Sri Lanka","authors":["Dilshara, P.","Abeysinghe, B.","Premasiri, R.","Dushyantha, N.","Ratnayake, N.","Senarath, S.","Ratnayake, A. S.","Batapola, N."],"year":2025,"journal":"International Journal Of Environmental Science And Technology","doi":"10.1007/s13762-025-06362-z","description":"Review of global nickel phytomining studies to assess influencing factors, extraction methods and economic, social and environmental benefits, and to explore the potential of implementing phytomining in Sri Lankan serpentinite deposits.","epistemic_model":["Environmental science","Sustainability transitions"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Nickel phytomining"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Sri Lanka"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"dinca2023","title":"The Repowereu Plan and the Main Challenges for the Transition to Renewable Energy in Romania","authors":["Dinca, Violeta Mihaela","Moagar-Poladian, Simona","Stamule, Tanase","Nistoreanu, Puiu"],"year":2023,"journal":"Amfiteatru Economic","doi":"10.24818/EA/2023/64/676","description":"The study investigates how market, technological, administrative, community and organisational obstacles affect the acceptance and implementation of renewable energy among Romanian companies in energy-intensive industries.","epistemic_model":["Energy transition studies","Innovation adoption barriers"],"method":["Survey","Structural equation modeling"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Romania"],"stakeholders":["Managers of companies in energy-intensive industries"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"donald2022","title":"Sun, Wind or Water? Public Support for Large-Scale Renewable Energy Development in Canada","authors":["Donald, James","Axsen, Jonn","Shaw, Karena","Robertson, Bryson"],"year":2022,"journal":"Journal Of Environmental Policy & Planning","doi":"10.1080/1523908X.2021.2000375","description":"The study examines public support for three infrastructure-scale renewables (large hydropower, wind farms, and solar farms) across Canada and four provinces, and the factors that influence it.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of renewable energy","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Large hydropower","Wind farms","Solar farms"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Canada","Alberta","British Columbia","Ontario","Quebec"],"stakeholders":["Citizens"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"doran2018","title":"Using Card Sorting to Explore the Mental Representation of Energy Transition Pathways among Laypeople","authors":["Doran, Rouven","Bohm, Gisela","Hanss, Daniel"],"year":2018,"journal":"Frontiers In Psychology","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02322","description":"The study examines public perception of different pathways to energy transition, focusing on laypeople's mental representation of pathway components.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Cognitive psychology"],"method":["Card sorting","Multidimensional scaling","Cluster analysis"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Norway","Germany"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"doran2023","title":"Mapping Perceptions of Energy Transition Pathways: Ascribed Motives and Effectiveness","authors":["Doran, Rouven","Boehm, Gisela","Pfister, Hans-Ruediger","Hanss, Daniel"],"year":2023,"journal":"Current Psychology","doi":"10.1007/s12144-022-02804-w","description":"The study examines how people perceive possible pathways of a societal transition towards less carbon intensive energy production and use, and which motives they associate with them.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Social psychology"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Solar panels","Wind farms","Hydropower","Nuclear power"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Norway","Germany"],"stakeholders":["Students"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"dreyer2017","title":"Changing Tides: Acceptability, Support, and Perceptions of Tidal Energy in the United States","authors":["Dreyer, Stacia J.","Polis, Hilary Jacqueline","Jenkins, Lekelia Danielle"],"year":2017,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2017.04.013","description":"Assesses Washington State residents' attitudes, behaviors, perceived benefits and risks, and climate change beliefs related to tidal energy acceptability and support.","epistemic_model":["Innovation theory","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Tidal energy"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Washington State"],"stakeholders":["Residents","Coastal residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"dreyer2019","title":"Fish, Finances, and Feasibility: Concerns about Tidal Energy Development in the United States","authors":["Dreyer, Stacia J.","Beaver, Ezra","Polis, Hilary J.","Jenkins, Lekelia D."],"year":2019,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2019.02.024","description":"Explores stakeholder views, concerns and needs regarding tidal energy in Washington state and how these are represented in news media.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of renewable energy","Stakeholder analysis"],"method":["Content analysis","Survey"],"technology":["Tidal energy"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Washington"],"stakeholders":["Residents","Civil society organisations"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"dumbrell2022","title":"Public Willingness to Make Trade-Offs in the Development of a Hydrogen Industry in Australia","authors":["Dumbrell, Nikki P.","Wheeler, Sarah Ann","Zuo, Alec","Adamson, David"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2022.112987","description":"The study analyses how important six hydrogen industry characteristics are to residents' decisions to support a hydrogen industry in South Australia and Victoria.","epistemic_model":["Social licence to operate","Energy social science"],"method":["Survey","Fractional multinomial logit model"],"technology":["Hydrogen"],"location_type":null,"geo":["South Australia","Victoria"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"dunlap2023","title":"Social Warfare for Lithium Extraction? Open-pit Lithium Mining, Counterinsurgency Tactics and Enforcing Green Extractivism in Northern Portugal","authors":["Dunlap, Alexander","Riquito, Mariana"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2022.102912","description":"The article explores how the Mina do Barroso open-pit lithium mine in northern Portugal is being made, focusing on the company's efforts to engineer social acceptance amid local opposition.","epistemic_model":["Political ecology","Critical social science of extractivism"],"method":[],"technology":["Open-pit lithium mining"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Barroso"],"stakeholders":["Local communities","Climate activists","Civil society organisations","Mining companies","Policymakers"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"dwyer2019","title":"Chains of Trust: Energy Justice, Public Engagement, and the First Offshore Wind Farm in the United States","authors":["Dwyer, Joseph","Bidwell, David"],"year":2019,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2018.08.019","description":"Analyzes two public engagement processes leading to the Block Island Wind Farm to identify procedural techniques that build stakeholder trust and acceptance of renewable energy technologies.","epistemic_model":["Procedural justice","Environmental social science"],"method":["Case study","Interviews"],"technology":["Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Block Island"],"stakeholders":["Process leaders","Stakeholders"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"earl2022","title":"Environmental Sustainability and Supply Resilience of Cobalt","authors":["Earl, Cathryn","Shah, Izhar Hussain","Cook, Simon","Cheeseman, Christopher Robert"],"year":2022,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su14074124","description":"Review of the future evolution of cobalt supply through technologically resilient and environmentally sustainable pathways for energy-transition technologies.","epistemic_model":["Sustainability science","Circular economy"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"eisele2024","title":"Readiness of Demand Response Technology for Spanish Energy Communities","authors":["Eisele, Philipp","Carrilho, Filipa Alexandra Na","Bojja, Divya","Pelote, Pedro","Valderrama, Cesar"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy Strategy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2024.101477","description":"The study applies the balanced readiness level assessment to review the social and techno-economic status of demand response technology for energy communities in Spain, highlighting key challenges and opportunities.","epistemic_model":["Balanced readiness level assessment","Energy systems analysis"],"method":["Literature review","Balanced readiness level assessment"],"technology":["Demand response"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Spain"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"eitan2020","title":"Renewable Energy Entrepreneurs: A Conceptual Framework","authors":["Eitan, Avri","Rosen, Gillad","Herman, Lior","Fishhendler, Itay"],"year":2020,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en13102554","description":"The study identifies and categorizes the characteristics of renewable energy entrepreneurs and develops an integrated classification method to address their treatment as a homogeneous group.","epistemic_model":["Entrepreneurship studies","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Case study","Typology development"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["China","Denmark","Germany","India"],"stakeholders":["Developers"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"elkinani2023","title":"Interdisciplinary Analysis of Wind Energy-a Focus on France","authors":["El Kinani, Khadija","Meunier, Simon","Vido, Lionel","Le Ballois, Sandrine"],"year":2023,"journal":"Sustainable Energy Technologies And Assessments","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2022.102944","description":"Structured literature review of the resource, technical, economic, environmental and social aspects of onshore and offshore wind energy, focused on France.","epistemic_model":["Sustainability assessment","Energy systems analysis"],"method":["Structured literature review"],"technology":["Onshore wind","Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["France"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"emmerich2020","title":"Public Acceptance of Emerging Energy Technologies in Context of the German Energy Transition","authors":["Emmerich, Philip","Huelemeier, Anna-Gesina","Jendryczko, David","Baumann, Manuel Johann","Weil, Marcel","Baur, Dorothee"],"year":2020,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111516","description":"The study develops and tests a socio-psychological factor model of general and local acceptance across three energy technologies relevant to the German energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Social psychology","Technology acceptance research"],"method":[],"technology":["Hydrogen fuel stations","Biofuel production plants","Stationary battery storage"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"enserink2024","title":"The Life and Death of Good Intentions? Unravelling Participatory Design Processes of Three Dutch Solar Power Plants","authors":["Enserink, Merel","Van Etteger, Rudi","Stremke, Sven"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2024.103620","description":"The study examines participatory design processes in three Dutch solar power plant cases to explore their benefits, limitations and implications for future policy.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Participatory design"],"method":["Case study"],"technology":["Solar power plants"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["The Netherlands"],"stakeholders":["Residents","Local authorities"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"ertor-akyazi2012","title":"Citizens' Preferences on Nuclear and Renewable Energy Sources: Evidence from Turkey","authors":["Ertor-Akyazi, Pinar","Adaman, Fikret","Ozkaynak, Begum","Zenginobuz, Unal"],"year":2012,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2012.04.072","description":"Analysis of urban Turkish citizens' preferences and the factors explaining endorsement of nuclear and renewable energy sources.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Energy economics"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Nuclear power","Renewable energy sources (wind and solar)"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Turkey"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"escribano2023","title":"An Energy Union without Interconnections? Public Acceptance of Cross-Border Interconnectors in Four European Countries","authors":["Escribano, Gonzalo","Gonzalez-Enriquez, Carmen","Lazaro-Touza, Lara","Paredes-Gazquez, Juandiego"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2022.126385","description":"The study examines public acceptance of cross-border energy interconnections in the European Energy Union through a procedural justice framework, using public opinion poll data.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Public opinion research"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Cross-border energy interconnections"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["France","Germany","Italy","Spain"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"evrosimovska2019","title":"Critical Success Factors and Risks for Internationalization of Smes: Comparison between Developed and Developing Countries","authors":["Evrosimovska, Tanja","Graham, Wayne","Neuert, Josef"],"year":2019,"journal":"","doi":null,"description":"The abstract reports ongoing doctoral research on the success factors and barriers for the internationalization of SMEs, comparing developed and developing countries.","epistemic_model":["International business","Internationalization theory"],"method":["Literature review","Case study","Interviews","Survey"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany","Austria","Serbia","North Macedonia"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"fernandez-arias2024","title":"Progress, Challenges, and Sustainable Perspectives in Nuclear Energy Strategies","authors":["Fernandez-Arias, Pablo","Lampropoulos, Georgios","Anton-Sancho, Alvaro","Vergara, Diego"],"year":2024,"journal":"Applied Sciences-Basel","doi":"10.3390/app142411864","description":"Bibliometric review of global nuclear energy strategies and research trends, including the role of nuclear energy in the energy transition and climate change mitigation.","epistemic_model":["Bibliometrics","Energy policy studies"],"method":["Bibliometric analysis"],"technology":["Nuclear energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"fisch-romito2025","title":"Multi-Country Evidence on Societal Factors to Include in Energy Transition Modelling","authors":["Fisch-Romito, Vivien","Jaxa-Rozen, Marc","Wen, Xin","Trutnevyte, Evelina"],"year":2025,"journal":"Nature Energy","doi":"10.1038/s41560-025-01719-7","description":"The study quantifies which societal factors, when included in a simulation model of the national power system transition, improve the relevance of modelled energy transition pathways.","epistemic_model":["Energy system modelling","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Modelling","Hindcasting"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Europe"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":"1990-2019"},{"id":"flath2024","title":"Hydrogen Governance in Germany: A Challenge for Federal Coordination","authors":["Flath, Lucas","Kemmerzell, Joerg","Knodt, Michele"],"year":2024,"journal":"Regional And Federal Studies","doi":"10.1080/13597566.2023.2232735","description":"The study examines the coherence between the German federal and Länder hydrogen strategies and the coordination challenges in a multi-level federal system.","epistemic_model":["Multi-level governance","Federalism studies"],"method":[],"technology":["Hydrogen technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"fofack-garcia2023","title":"Socio-Political Acceptability of Floating Offshore Wind Farms in France: Challenges and Perspectives for Marine Governance towards Sustainability","authors":["Fofack-Garcia, Rhoda","Maze, Camille","Safi, Georges","Lejart, Morgane","Chauvac, Nathalie","Thermes, Maud","Ragueneau, Olivier","Le Loc'h, Francois","Niquil, Nathalie"],"year":2023,"journal":"Ocean & Coastal Management","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106513","description":"The study analyses how decision-makers validating the Environmental Impact Assessment of one of France's first floating offshore wind farms perceive and value the marine ecosystem, and how ecological factors shape licensing decisions.","epistemic_model":["Social-ecological systems","Environmental governance"],"method":["Ethnography","Network analysis"],"technology":["Floating offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Bay of Biscay"],"stakeholders":["Policymakers","Local authorities"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"francis2022","title":"Network Governance and Renewable Energy Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: Contextual Evidence from Ghana","authors":["Francis, Kyere","Dongying, Sun","Dennis, Asante","Edmund, Nkrumah Nana Kwame","Kumah, Naana Yaa Gyamea"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energy For Sustainable Development","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2022.06.009","description":"The study re-examines the role and potential of network governance in Ghana's renewable energy transition toward low-carbon objectives.","epistemic_model":["Network governance","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Interviews"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Ghana"],"stakeholders":["Experts","Policymakers","Developers"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"francois2024","title":"Investigating the Use of Hydrogen and Battery Electric Vehicles for Public Transport: A Technical, Economical and Environmental Assessment","authors":["Francois, Agnes","Roche, Robin","Grondin, Dominique","Winckel, Nastasya","Benne, Michel"],"year":2024,"journal":"Applied Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124143","description":"The study compares electric and hydrogen coaches as diesel alternatives for public transport on Reunion Island using technical, economic and environmental criteria.","epistemic_model":["Techno-economic assessment","Life cycle assessment"],"method":["Case study","Modelling"],"technology":["Electric coaches","Hydrogen coaches"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Reunion Island"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"frank2018","title":"The Contribution of Innovation Policy Criteria to the Development of Local Renewable Energy Systems","authors":["Frank, Alejandro German","Gersdberger, Wolfgang","Paslauski, Carolline Amaral","Lerman, Laura Visintainer","Ayala, Nestor Fabian"],"year":2018,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2018.01.036","description":"Investigates, from a policy mix perspective, how municipalities' locational factors, stakeholder cooperation and local knowledge about renewable energy systems (RES) leverage local RES development.","epistemic_model":["Policy mix theory","Innovation policy studies"],"method":["Regression analysis"],"technology":["Renewable energy systems"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["Local authorities"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"fraser2020","title":"Drivers of Social Equity in Renewable Energy at the Municipal Level: The Case of Local Japanese Energy Policy and Preferences","authors":["Fraser, Timothy","Chapman, Andrew J."],"year":2020,"journal":"Journal Of Environmental Policy & Planning","doi":"10.1080/1523908X.2020.1740659","description":"The study examines how the costs and benefits of renewable energy adoption, particularly for social equity, vary among communities at the national scale in Japan.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Environmental economics"],"method":["Survey","Modelling"],"technology":["Renewable energy","Solar PV"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Japan"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"fritzen2008","title":"Structural Health Monitoring of Offshore Wind Energy Plants","authors":["Fritzen, C. -P.","Kraemer, P.","Klinkov, M."],"year":2008,"journal":"","doi":null,"description":"Overview of the importance of offshore wind power plants and of monitoring methods for damage detection, aiming to reduce inspection and maintenance costs.","epistemic_model":["Structural health monitoring","Engineering"],"method":[],"technology":["Offshore wind power plants"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"galeano2024","title":"Nuclear Energy: A Keystone in Colombia's Sustainable Energy Transition","authors":["Galeano, David-Andres","Munoz, Jhon-Alexander"],"year":2024,"journal":"Revista Facultad De Ingenieria, Universidad Pedagogica Y Tecnologica De Colombia","doi":"10.19053/01211129.v33.n68.2024.17066","description":"Analysis of the potential integration and implications of Small Modular Reactors into Colombia's energy matrix amid the global energy transition and climate change.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Energy transitions"],"method":[],"technology":["Small Modular Reactors"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Colombia"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"galjak2024","title":"Public Perceptions of Fossil and Alternative Energy in Serbia: Between NIMBYism and Nationalism","authors":["Galjak, Marko","Budic, Marina"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114137","description":"Explores the Serbian public's attitudes toward different energy types, considering NIMBY sentiments, nationalist orientation and pro-Russian attitudes.","epistemic_model":["Political psychology","Energy policy studies"],"method":["Survey","Correlational analysis"],"technology":["Solar PV","Wind","Fossil fuels"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Serbia"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"gallaher2023","title":"Breaking Wind: A Comparison between US and European Approaches in Offshore Wind Energy Leadership in the North Atlantic Region","authors":["Gallaher, Adam","Graziano, Marcello","Axon, Stephen","Bertana, Amanda"],"year":2023,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2023.113766","description":"The study analyzes how federal and regional plans for expanding offshore wind energy in the United States surfaced governance tensions, drawing on the European experience through a multi-level perspective framework.","epistemic_model":["Multi-level perspective","Socio-ecological systems","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":[],"technology":["Offshore wind energy"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["United States","Europe"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"ganowski2020","title":"Read All about It! Comparing Media Discourse on Energy Storage in Canada and the United Kingdom in a Transition Era","authors":["Ganowski, S.","Rowlands, I. H."],"year":2020,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2020.101709","description":"Compares national news discourse on energy storage in Canada and the United Kingdom to understand how media coverage relates to domestic contexts and the adoption of energy storage in an energy transition context.","epistemic_model":["Socio-Political Evaluation of Energy Deployment (SPEED) framework","Media studies","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Content analysis"],"technology":["Grid-scale energy storage","Behind-the-meter energy storage"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Canada","United Kingdom"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":"2008-2017"},{"id":"gegg2017","title":"UK Macro-Algae Biofuels: A Strategic Management Review and Future Research Agenda","authors":["Gegg, Per","Wells, Victoria"],"year":2017,"journal":"Journal Of Marine Science And Engineering","doi":"10.3390/jmse5030032","description":"The paper completes an initial macro-environmental scan of opportunities and threats to a seaweed biofuels industry, highlighting the importance of social acceptance beyond technological aspects.","epistemic_model":["Strategic management","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":[],"technology":["Seaweed biofuels"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"gegg2019","title":"The Development of Seaweed-Derived Fuels in the UK: An Analysis of Stakeholder Issues and Public Perceptions","authors":["Gegg, Per","Wells, Victoria"],"year":2019,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2019.110924","description":"The study examines stakeholder and public perceptions of macroalgae-derived fuels in the UK, to fill a gap in understanding of social perception that may hinder the technology's development.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of energy technologies","Science and technology studies"],"method":["Interviews","Focus groups"],"technology":["Macroalgae-derived fuels"],"location_type":null,"geo":["United Kingdom"],"stakeholders":["Stakeholders","General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"ghosn2024","title":"Energy Transition and Sustainable Development in Malaysia: Steering towards a Greener Future","authors":["Ghosn, Fadi","Zreik, Mohamad","Awad, Ghina","Karouni, George"],"year":2024,"journal":"International Journal Of Renewable Energy Development-Ijred","doi":"10.61435/ijred.2024.60110","description":"Analysis of Malaysia's energy sector transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy, examining opportunities, challenges and impacts.","epistemic_model":["Energy transition studies","Sustainability transitions"],"method":["Literature review","Case study","Content analysis"],"technology":["Solar","Wind","Biomass"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Malaysia"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"gibbs2023","title":"Second-Class Citizens or Free Agents? Social Construction of Equity Perceptions of Contractors in Global Offshoring Arrangements","authors":["Gibbs, Jennifer L.","Eisenberg, Julia","Nekrassova, Dina"],"year":2023,"journal":"Journal Of International Management","doi":"10.1016/j.intman.2023.101092","description":"The study examines how perceptions of equity are socially constructed among contractors in global offshoring arrangements.","epistemic_model":["Equity theory","Organizational behaviour"],"method":["Case study"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Global contractors"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"glanz2021","title":"Towards a Low-Carbon Society via Hydrogen and Carbon Capture and Storage: Social Acceptance from a Stakeholder Perspective","authors":["Glanz, Sabrina","Schoenauer, Anna-Lena"],"year":2021,"journal":"Journal Of Sustainable Development Of Energy Water And Environment Systems-Jsdewes","doi":"10.13044/j.sdewes.d8.0322","description":"The study analyses stakeholder positions and conflicts on hydrogen and carbon capture and storage infrastructure for decarbonising the German energy system in order to understand conditions for social acceptance.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance research","Discourse and attitude theory"],"method":["Interviews","Content analysis"],"technology":["Hydrogen","Carbon capture and storage"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"goelz2018","title":"Explaining Regional Acceptance of the German Energy Transition by Including Trust in Stakeholders and Perception of Fairness as Socio-Institutional Factors","authors":["Goelz, Sebastian","Wedderhoff, Oliver"],"year":2018,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2018.05.026","description":"The study tests the hypothesis that acceptance of the energy transition, tested for onshore wind power, depends not only on technology acceptance but also on perceptions of socio-institutional stakeholders and fairness, and compares German regions.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Social acceptance research"],"method":["Survey","Structural equation modeling"],"technology":["Onshore wind"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"goers2021","title":"The Role of Renewable Energy in Regional Energy Transitions: An Aggregate Qualitative Analysis for the Partner Regions Bavaria, Georgia, Quebec, Sao Paulo, Shandong, Upper Austria, and Western Cape","authors":["Goers, Sebastian","Rumohr, Fiona","Fendt, Sebastian","Gosselin, Louis","Jannuzzi, Gilberto M.","Gomes, Rodolfo D. M.","Sousa, Stella M. S.","Wolvers, Reshmi"],"year":2021,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su13010076","description":"The study identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of renewable energy deployment in the regional energy transitions of seven regions in the Regional Leaders' Summit network.","epistemic_model":["Energy transition studies","Strategic planning (SWOT)"],"method":["SWOT analysis"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Bavaria","Georgia","Quebec","Sao Paulo","Shandong","Upper Austria","Western Cape"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"goersch2025","title":"Temporal Stability of Public Acceptability of Novel and Established Energy Technologies","authors":["Goersch, Robert","Perlaviciute, Goda","Steg, Linda"],"year":2025,"journal":"Energy Efficiency","doi":"10.1007/s12053-025-10305-5","description":"The study examines how stable public acceptability judgements towards novel and established energy technologies are over time and which factors influence this stability.","epistemic_model":["Social psychology","Attitude theory"],"method":["Survey experiments","Longitudinal design"],"technology":["Geothermal energy","CCS","Onshore wind","Nuclear energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Netherlands"],"stakeholders":["Students","General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"goffetti2018","title":"Disaggregating the SWOT Analysis of Marine Renewable Energies","authors":["Goffetti, Giulia","Montini, Massimiliano","Volpe, Francesca","Gigliotti, Massimo","Pulselli, Federico M.","Sannino, Gianmaria","Marchettini, Nadia"],"year":2018,"journal":"Frontiers In Energy Research","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2018.00138","description":"The paper uses a holistic SWOT analysis to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of marine renewable energy technologies across social, economic, legal, technological and environmental dimensions.","epistemic_model":["Strategic planning","Marine spatial 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Futures: Repurposing Pipelines, Policies, and Public Perceptions*","authors":["Gordon, Joel A.","Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye","Nabavi, Seyed Ali"],"year":2023,"journal":"Applied Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.120850","description":"The paper develops a socio-technical systems framework for overcoming barriers to the domestic hydrogen transition in the UK, covering both techno-economic and social acceptance dimensions.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical systems theory","Energy transitions"],"method":[],"technology":["Hydrogen"],"location_type":null,"geo":["United Kingdom"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"gordon2024a","title":"Hopes and Fears for a Sustainable Energy Future: Enter the Hydrogen Acceptance Matrix","authors":["Gordon, Joel A.","Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye","Nabavi, Seyed Ali"],"year":2024,"journal":"International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.02.247","description":"The study explores the heterogeneity of consumer responses towards domestic hydrogen homes through a 'domestic hydrogen acceptance matrix'.","epistemic_model":["Consumer behaviour","Diffusion of innovations"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Hydrogen-fuelled home heating and cooking"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["United Kingdom"],"stakeholders":["Consumers"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"gordon2024b","title":"Modelling the Innovation-Decision Process for Hydrogen Homes: An Integrated Model of Consumer Acceptance and Adoption Intention","authors":["Gordon, Joel A.","Balta-Ozkan, Nazmiye","Ul Haq, Anwar","Nabavi, Seyed Ali"],"year":2024,"journal":"International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.061","description":"The study explores whether an integrated modelling approach based on the unified theory of domestic hydrogen acceptance improves explanatory and predictive power regarding consumer support for hydrogen homes (hydrogen boilers and hobs).","epistemic_model":["Unified theory of domestic hydrogen acceptance","Innovation-decision process (diffusion of innovations)"],"method":["Survey","Modelling"],"technology":["Hydrogen boilers","Hydrogen hobs"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["United Kingdom"],"stakeholders":["Consumers"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"graczyk2019","title":"Offshore Wind Energy as a Backstop Technology in Polish Electricity Production","authors":["Graczyk, Andrzej"],"year":2019,"journal":"","doi":null,"description":"The study evaluates whether offshore wind power generation in Poland can develop into a backstop technology for the mainstream coal-based electricity system.","epistemic_model":["Resource economics","Backstop technology theory"],"method":["Comparative analysis","LCOE-based financial comparison"],"technology":["Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Poland"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"gryz2021","title":"Toward Low-Carbon European Union Society: Young Poles' Perception of Climate Neutrality","authors":["Gryz, Jaroslaw","Kaczmarczyk, Barbara"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en14165107","description":"The study investigates environmental and energy awareness, knowledge of renewable energy sources, and opinions of young Poles on their use at home and at work, within the EU's low-carbon transition.","epistemic_model":["Energy transition studies","Environmental sociology"],"method":["Literature review","Survey","Interviews"],"technology":["Renewable energy sources"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Poland"],"stakeholders":["Students","Experts"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"haber2021","title":"Exploring Public Opinions on Renewable Energy by Using Conventional Methods and Social Media Analysis","authors":["Haber, Istvan Ervin","Toth, Mate","Hajdu, Robert","Haber, Kinga","Pinter, Gabor"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en14113089","description":"The study examines public acceptance and awareness of advanced renewable energy technologies such as smart grids, energy storage and photovoltaic inverters, and public opinions about their manufacturers.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of energy technologies","Computational social science"],"method":["Survey","Natural language processing","Content analysis"],"technology":["Smart grids","Energy storage","Photovoltaic inverters"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Hungary"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"habib2024","title":"Biogas as Alternative to Liquefied Petroleum Gas in Mauritania: An Integrated Future Approach for Energy Sustainability and Socio-Economic Development","authors":["Habib, Sidahmed Sidi","Torii, Shuichi"],"year":2024,"journal":"Clean Technologies","doi":"10.3390/cleantechnol6020023","description":"The study assesses the economic advantages and sustainability of household transition from LPG to biogas in Mauritania through a case study.","epistemic_model":["Energy economics","Sustainability studies"],"method":["Case study"],"technology":["Biogas"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Mauritania"],"stakeholders":["Households","Policymakers"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"hager2020","title":"Local Renewable Energy Initiatives in Germany and Japan in a Changing National Policy Environment(Sic)(Sic)(Sic)Palabras Clave","authors":["Hager, Carol","Hamagami, Nicole"],"year":2020,"journal":"Review Of Policy Research","doi":"10.1111/ropr.12372","description":"The study explores how local initiatives contribute to path dependencies for energy transition in Germany and Japan despite resistance from entrenched national incumbents.","epistemic_model":["Historical institutionalism","Political economy of energy transitions"],"method":["Process tracing","Interviews"],"technology":["Renewable energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany","Japan"],"stakeholders":["Local initiatives participants","Energy activists"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"hall2015a","title":"Deep Waters: Lessons from Community Meetings about Offshore Wind Resource Development in the US","authors":["Hall, Damon M.","Lazarus, Eli D."],"year":2015,"journal":"Marine Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2015.03.004","description":"The study reports conversations with coastal stakeholders at community meetings about the development and testing of floating offshore wind turbines off Maine, examining their questions, concerns and siting preferences.","epistemic_model":["Environmental communication","Social acceptance of renewable energy"],"method":["Ethnography"],"technology":["Floating offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Maine"],"stakeholders":["Coastal residents","Fishers","Local authorities"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"hanssen2014","title":"The Role of Biosolar Technologies in Future Energy Supply Making Scenarios for the Netherlands: Energy Port and Energy Farm","authors":["Hanssen, Lucien","de Vriend, Huib","Gremmen, Bart"],"year":2014,"journal":"Futures","doi":"10.1016/j.futures.2014.05.008","description":"Assesses the possible roles of biosolar energy systems in the Netherlands in the coming years, using scenarios to inform societal debate within the Dutch BioSolar Cells research programme.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Scenario studies"],"method":["Desk study","Interviews","Scenario development","Workshop"],"technology":["Biosolar energy systems"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Netherlands"],"stakeholders":["Experts","Policymakers"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"harmes2024","title":"Doctor Who and the Seeds of Anxiety: Exploring Popular Narratives of Energy Justice and Exploitation","authors":["Harmes, Marcus","Hudson, Marc","Douglas, Richard"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2023.103347","description":"Examines how five 1960s-80s Doctor Who stories represent energy production, class and access, and what this implies for public understanding of energy justice and just energy transitions.","epistemic_model":["Energy humanities","Energy justice","Cultural studies"],"method":["Content analysis"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["United Kingdom"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":"1960-1989"},{"id":"harrison-atlas2022","title":"Dynamic Land Use Implications of Rapidly Expanding and Evolving Wind Power Deployment","authors":["Harrison-Atlas, Dylan","Lopez, Anthony","Lantz, Eric"],"year":2022,"journal":"Environmental Research Letters","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ac5f2c","description":"Investigates how wind technology development and innovation have shaped land use interactions with social and ecological systems and land area requirements in the United States.","epistemic_model":["Land system science","Sustainability science"],"method":["Spatial analysis"],"technology":["Wind power"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["United States"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":"2000-2020"},{"id":"haslett2018","title":"Offshore Renewable Energy and Nature Conservation: The Case of Marine Tidal Turbines in Northern Ireland","authors":["Haslett, John R.","Garcia-Llorente, Marina","Harrison, Paula A.","Li, Sen","Berry, Pam M."],"year":2018,"journal":"Biodiversity And Conservation","doi":"10.1007/s10531-016-1268-6","description":"Explores the potential impacts of the SeaGen underwater tidal turbine in Strangford Lough as points of concern and argumentation in decision-making, using stakeholder perceptions.","epistemic_model":["Social-ecological systems","Environmental impact assessment"],"method":["Case study","Interviews","Content analysis"],"technology":["Underwater tidal turbine"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Strangford Lough"],"stakeholders":["Experts","Policymakers","Developers","Civil society organisations"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"haugli-sandvik2024","title":"Maritime Decision-Makers and Cyber Security: Deck Officers' Perception of Cyber Risks towards IT and OT Systems","authors":["Haugli-Sandvik, Marie","Lund, Mass Soldal","Bjorneseth, Froy Birte"],"year":2024,"journal":"International Journal Of Information Security","doi":"10.1007/s10207-023-00810-y","description":"Examines deck officers' cyber risk perceptions towards IT and OT systems and what predicts them, to substantiate the role of human behaviour in maritime cyber security.","epistemic_model":["Risk perception research","Maritime cyber security"],"method":["Survey","Wilcoxon signed-rank test","Hierarchical regression analysis"],"technology":[],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":["Deck officers"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"henni2023","title":"Bottom-up System Modeling of Battery Storage Requirements for Integrated Renewable Energy Systems","authors":["Henni, Sarah","Schaeffer, Michael","Fischer, Peter","Weinhardt, Christof","Staudt, Philipp"],"year":2023,"journal":"Applied Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120531","description":"The study introduces a bottom-up modeling framework for central and decentral planning of an integrated energy system with high renewable shares, examining trade-offs between cost-optimal design and equitable spatial distribution of renewable generation and battery storage.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems modelling","Energy justice"],"method":["Modelling"],"technology":["Renewable generation","Lithium-ion batteries","Redox flow batteries"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Baden-Wuerttemberg"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"hernandez-fontes2020","title":"Is Ocean Energy an Alternative in Developing Regions? A Case Study in Michoacan, Mexico","authors":["Hernandez-Fontes, Jassiel V.","Luisa Martinez, M.","Wojtarowski, Astrid","Luis Gonzalez-Mendoza, Jose","Landgrave, Rosario","Silva, Rodolfo"],"year":2020,"journal":"Journal Of Cleaner Production","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121984","description":"The study examines socio-economic and environmental factors that may affect the introduction of ocean energy harvesting in areas without electricity on the coast of Michoacan, Mexico.","epistemic_model":["Environmental assessment","Energy geography"],"method":["Spatial analysis"],"technology":["Ocean energy","Wave energy","Ocean thermal energy","Marine current energy"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Michoacan"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"hernandez2020","title":"Aligning Climate Change and Sustainable Development Goals with an Innovation Systems Roadmap for Renewable Power","authors":["Hernandez, Rebecca R.","Jordaan, Sarah M.","Kaldunski, Ben","Kumar, Naresh"],"year":2020,"journal":"Frontiers In Sustainability","doi":"10.3389/frsus.2020.583090","description":"The study builds a research, development, demonstration and deployment roadmap for solar and wind energy so that a low-carbon transition reinforces both climate goals and the Sustainable Development Goals.","epistemic_model":["Innovation systems approach","Sustainability science"],"method":["Workshop","Scientometric analysis"],"technology":["Solar energy","Wind energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"hoedl2022","title":"Achieving a Social License for Fusion Energy","authors":["Hoedl, Seth A."],"year":2022,"journal":"Physics Of Plasmas","doi":"10.1063/5.0091054","description":"The paper examines the risk that a lack of public support (social license) undermines commercial fusion energy and describes methods to achieve such support.","epistemic_model":["Responsible research and innovation","Science and technology studies"],"method":["Case study"],"technology":["Fusion energy"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"hoicka2021a","title":"Implementing a Just Renewable Energy Transition: Policy Advice for Transposing the New European Rules for Renewable Energy Communities","authors":["Hoicka, Christina E.","Lowitzsch, Jens","Brisbois, Marie Claire","Kumar, Ankit","Camargo, Luis Ramirez"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112435","description":"The paper discusses the benefits and challenges of Renewable Energy Communities under the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) and provides policy advice for their effective transposition and implementation.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":[],"technology":["Renewable energy communities"],"location_type":null,"geo":["European Union"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"holloway2008","title":"4 Sequestration - The Underground Storage of Carbon Dioxide","authors":["Holloway, S."],"year":2008,"journal":"","doi":null,"description":"Reviews the status of underground CO2 storage projects and the remaining issues, including cost, safety demonstration and public acceptance, for CCS technology to reduce global emissions.","epistemic_model":["Geological sciences","Energy technology assessment"],"method":[],"technology":["Underground CO2 storage"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Sleipner West","In Salah","Snohvit","Weyburn","Nagaoka","Frio","K12-B"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"hoppe2019","title":"Social Innovation and the Energy Transition","authors":["Hoppe, Thomas","de Vries, Gerdien"],"year":2019,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su11010141","description":"Editorial comment of a special issue asking what social innovation means in the face of energy transition and what its implications are.","epistemic_model":["Social innovation theory","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"hoppe2023","title":"Public Support for Phasing out Carbon-Intensive Technologies: The End of the Road for Conventional Cars in Germany?","authors":["Hoppe, Janna","Patt, Anthony","Trondle, Tim"],"year":2023,"journal":"Climate Policy","doi":"10.1080/14693062.2023.2211042","description":"Investigates German citizens' views on and acceptability of a phase-out of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) and the factors predicting it.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Public opinion research"],"method":["Survey","Random forest classification","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Internal combustion engine vehicles phase-out","Electric vehicles"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":"2021"},{"id":"horeth2020","title":"Electrical Test Demands in a HVDC Power Cable Life","authors":["Horeth, Andreas","Miessler, Tobias"],"year":2020,"journal":"","doi":null,"description":"The paper discusses technical solutions and challenges of dielectric testing of extruded HVDC cables used for power transmission from remote renewable plants.","epistemic_model":["Electrical engineering","High-voltage technology"],"method":[],"technology":["HVDC cables"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"hurlbert2023","title":"Transformative Power Production Futures: Citizen Jury Deliberations in Saskatchewan, Canada","authors":["Hurlbert, Margot","Das, Tanushree","Vitto, Charisse"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy Sustainability And Society","doi":"10.1186/s13705-023-00424-1","description":"Examines whether place attachment affects future power production preferences and whether social learning can be achieved through citizen juries in four Saskatchewan communities.","epistemic_model":["Social learning theory","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Citizen juries","Survey","Qualitative analysis"],"technology":["Coal","Natural gas","CCS","Small modular reactors","Solar"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Estevan","Swift Current","Regina","Saskatoon"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":"2021-2022"},{"id":"hurlbert2023a","title":"Carbon Capture and Storage in Saskatchewan: An Analysis of Communicative Practices in a Contested Technology","authors":["Hurlbert, Margot","Osazuwa-Peters, Mac"],"year":2023,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2022.113104","description":"The study analyzes how media framed CCS technology in the successful Saskatchewan deployment case, addressing the knowledge gap on media framing of a successful CCS project.","epistemic_model":["Socio-Political Evaluation of Energy Deployment (SPEED) framework","Media framing theory"],"method":["Case study","Content analysis"],"technology":["Carbon capture and sequestration"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Saskatchewan"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"ilo2023","title":"Viable Fully Integrated Energy Community Based on the Holistic LINK Approach","authors":["Ilo, Albana","Bruckner, Helmut","Olofsgard, Markus","Adamcova, Marketa","Werner, Andrea"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en16062935","description":"The study examines energy communities in their entirety, covering actor roles, organisation, regulation, technical solutions, markets and business cases, to support their integration in the EU energy system.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Energy systems engineering"],"method":["Waterfall methodology"],"technology":["Energy communities"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"inglesi-lotz2024","title":"Exploring the Impact of Institutional Quality to South Africa's Transition to Renewables","authors":["Inglesi-Lotz, Roula"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy Sources Part B-Economics Planning And Policy","doi":"10.1080/15567249.2023.2291433","description":"The study examines how institutional quality (corruption perception, regulatory quality, government efficiency) influences the share of renewable energy in South Africa.","epistemic_model":["Political economy","Institutional economics","Energy transition studies"],"method":[],"technology":["Renewable energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["South Africa"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"ingold2019","title":"The Acceptance of Instruments in Instrument Mix Situations: Citizens' Perspective on Swiss Energy Transition","authors":["Ingold, Karin","Stadelmann-Steffen, Isabelle","Kammermann, Lorenz"],"year":2019,"journal":"Research Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.respol.2018.10.018","description":"The study examines what drives Swiss citizens to accept new policy instruments added to an existing instrument mix in the energy turnaround, combining sustainability transitions and social acceptance research.","epistemic_model":["Sustainability transitions","Social acceptance research","Policy analysis"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Renewable energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Switzerland"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"ionescu2024","title":"Controversy or Consensus: Launching Small Modular Nuclear Reactors in Romania","authors":["Ionescu, Adina","Stancu, Alin","Mogos, Oana"],"year":2024,"journal":"Proceedings Of The International Conference On Business Excellence","doi":"10.2478/picbe-2024-0150","description":"The paper examines how NuScale, a newcomer with an approval setback and untested technology, can build six small modular reactors in Romania, integrate them into the grid and win public acceptance by 2030.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Political economy of energy transitions"],"method":[],"technology":["Small modular reactors","Nuclear power plants"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Romania"],"stakeholders":["Local communities","Policymakers","Civil society organisations"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"isogai2022","title":"Cost Estimation of CCS Integration into Thermal Power Plants in Japan","authors":["Isogai, Hirotaka","Myers, Corey Adam","Nakagaki, Takao"],"year":2022,"journal":"Mechanical Engineering Journal","doi":"10.1299/mej.22-00028","description":"Estimates the full-chain CCS cost in Japan, a case where offshore storage is favoured, and examines how capture technology choices and implementation affect cost reduction.","epistemic_model":["Techno-economic analysis","Energy systems engineering"],"method":["Process simulation","Bottom-up cost analysis","Case study"],"technology":["Carbon capture and storage"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["Japan"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"jabeen2024","title":"Transitioning to Sustainable Energy: Multidimensional Factors Guiding Solar Power Technology Adoption","authors":["Jabeen, Gul","Wang, Dong","Ahmad, Munir","Isik, Cem","Pinzon, Stefania","Rehman, Ali","Ongan, Serdar"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2024.133468","description":"The study examines the role of multidimensional factors in determining households' intention to embrace solar power technologies within an integrated ecological perception framework.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Technology acceptance"],"method":["Survey","Partial least squares structural equation modelling"],"technology":["Solar power technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Households"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"jansen2024","title":"Reflection on `risk Analysis and Uncertainty: What Does This Mean for the Dutch Energy Transition' by Frederic Bouder and Ragnar Lofstedt","authors":["Jansen, Jan Dirk","Herber, Rien"],"year":2024,"journal":"Journal Of Risk Research","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2024.2360903","description":"Argues that governance of Dutch deep subsurface activities (geothermal energy, CO2 and H2 storage) should adopt a Tolerability of Risk approach with the ALARP principle instead of a precautionary acceptable/unacceptable risk dichotomy.","epistemic_model":["Risk governance","Science and technology studies"],"method":[],"technology":["Geothermal energy","Subsurface CO2 storage","Subsurface H2 storage"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Netherlands"],"stakeholders":["General public","Local authorities"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"javierrodriguez-segura2023","title":"Social Acceptance of Renewable Energy Development in Southern Spain: Exploring Tendencies, Locations, Criteria and Situations","authors":["Javier Rodriguez-Segura, Francisco","Carlos Osorio-Aravena, Juan","Frolova, Marina","Terrados-Cepeda, Julio","Munoz-Ceron, Emilio"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113356","description":"Study of the factors that most influence local acceptance or rejection of photovoltaic, wind and biomass electricity generation in the province of Jaén, southern Spain.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of renewable energy","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Solar PV","Onshore wind","Biomass"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Jaén"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"javierrodriguez-segura2023a","title":"Social Acceptance of Renewable Energies in Europe: Comparative Study between the Province of Ja?N (Spain) and the County of Somogy (Hungary)","authors":["Javier Rodriguez-Segura, Francisco","Frolova, Marina","Carlos Osorio-Aravena, Juan"],"year":2023,"journal":"Anales De Geografia De La Universidad Complutense","doi":"10.5209/aguc.85946","description":"The study aims to show the factors influencing the perception and acceptance of renewable energy in two European case studies, Jaen province (Spain) and Somogy County (Hungary).","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of renewable energy","Energy transition studies"],"method":["Survey","Statistical analysis","Contingency tables","Chi-square test","Cramer's V"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies","Solar PV"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Jaen","Somogy County"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"jaworski2025","title":"Renewable Energy Expansion in West Pomerania: Integrating Local Potential with Global Sustainability Goals","authors":["Jaworski, Jaroslaw","Dowejko, Jakub"],"year":2025,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en18010103","description":"Investigates the dynamics and projected growth of renewable energy sources in West Pomerania, Poland, to 2033.","epistemic_model":["Energy transitions","Regional sustainability"],"method":["Time series analysis","Forecasting model"],"technology":["Wind","Solar","Biomass","Biogas"],"location_type":null,"geo":["West Pomerania"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":"2010-2023"},{"id":"jenal2021","title":"Technological Transformation Processes and Resistance-on the Conflict Potential of 5G Using the Example of 5G Network Expansion in Germany","authors":["Jenal, Corinna","Endress, Sven","Kuehne, Olaf","Zylka, Caroline"],"year":2021,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su132413550","description":"The study examines how far social conflict over the 5G expansion in Germany has progressed and what significance socio-economic contexts have for regulating it, addressing a gap in acceptance and conflict research.","epistemic_model":["Conflict theory (Dahrendorf)","Bourdieu's socio-economic contextualization"],"method":["Content analysis"],"technology":["5G wireless technology"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["Citizens' initiatives"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"jenkins2018","title":"Human Dimensions of Tidal Energy: A Review of Theories and Frameworks","authors":["Jenkins, Lekelia Danielle","Dreyer, Stacia Jeanne","Polis, Hilary Jacqueline","Beaver, Ezra","Kowalski, Adam A.","Linder, Hannah L.","McMillin, Thomas Neal","McTiernan, Kaylie Laura","Rogier, Thea Thezin","Wiesebron, Lauren Eva"],"year":2018,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2018.08.036","description":"Review of theories and frameworks for understanding and managing the human dimensions of tidal energy, with application to tidal energy development in the United States.","epistemic_model":["Human dimensions of marine renewable energy","Social acceptance research"],"method":["Literature review","Annotated bibliography","Peer review"],"technology":["Tidal energy"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["United States"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"jeong2021a","title":"South Korean Public Acceptance of the Fuel Transition from Coal to Natural Gas in Power Generation","authors":["Jeong, Hyung-Seok","Kim, Ju-Hee","Yoo, Seung-Hoon"],"year":2021,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su131910787","description":"The study investigates South Koreans' public acceptance of converting coal-fired power plants to natural gas-fired ones to reduce CO2 emissions, and the factors affecting it.","epistemic_model":["Energy social science","Environmental economics"],"method":["Survey","Interviews","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Coal-to-gas fuel conversion of power plants"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["South Korea"],"stakeholders":["General public","Households"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"jiao2025","title":"Artificial Intelligence in Energy Economics Research: A Bibliometric Review","authors":["Jiao, Zhilun","Zhang, Chenrui","Li, Wenwen"],"year":2025,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en18020434","description":"The paper explores trends in the application of artificial intelligence in energy economics research over 2014-2024 through a systematic literature review, bibliometrics and network analysis.","epistemic_model":["Energy economics","Bibliometrics"],"method":["Systematic review","Bibliometric analysis","Network analysis"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":"2014-2024"},{"id":"jikiun2023","title":"Saved by Hydrogen? The Public Acceptance of Onshore Wind in Norway","authors":["Jikiun, Sunniva Petersen","Tatham, Michal","Oltedal, Velaug Myrseth"],"year":2023,"journal":"Journal Of Cleaner Production","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136956","description":"Evaluates, for the case of Norway where opposition to onshore wind has grown, how different production, financial and end-use schemes (including hydrogen) can mitigate opposition to onshore wind.","epistemic_model":["Energy social science","Political science"],"method":[],"technology":["Onshore wind","Hydrogen"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Norway"],"stakeholders":["Citizens"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"jobin2018","title":"We Choose What We like - Affect as a Driver of Electricity Portfolio Choice","authors":["Jobin, Marilou","Siegrist, Michael"],"year":2018,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2018.08.027","description":"The study investigates which energy technology portfolio people prefer for Switzerland, and why, under constraints of limited domestic expansion potential and no dismantling of existing infrastructure.","epistemic_model":["Affect heuristic","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Regression analysis","Cluster analysis"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Switzerland"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"jobin2019","title":"Affect or Information? Examining Drivers of Public Preferences of Future Energy Portfolios in Switzerland","authors":["Jobin, Marilou","Visschers, Vivianne H. M.","van Vliet, Oscar P. R.","Arvai, Joseph","Siegrist, Michael"],"year":2019,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2019.01.016","description":"The study examines how people engage with information in a web-based decision support system modelling the Swiss electricity system and whether that information shapes their electricity portfolio choices.","epistemic_model":["Motivated political reasoning","Decision psychology"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Switzerland"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"johansen2019","title":"Local Support for Renewable Energy Technologies? Attitudes towards Local near-Shore Wind Farms among Second Home Owners and Permanent Area Residents on the Danish Coast","authors":["Johansen, Katinka"],"year":2019,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2019.04.027","description":"The paper documents differing attitudes towards local renewable energy technology projects in Denmark between permanent residents and second home owners during a near-shore wind farm tender.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical energy transitions","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Nearshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Denmark"],"stakeholders":["Residents","Second home owners"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"johnson2015","title":"Tidal Power Development in Maine: Stakeholder Identification and Perceptions of Engagement","authors":["Johnson, Teresa R.","Jansujwicz, Jessica S.","Zydlewski, Gayle"],"year":2015,"journal":"Estuaries And Coasts","doi":"10.1007/s12237-013-9703-3","description":"The study identifies and characterizes salient stakeholders in tidal power development in Maine and documents their perceptions of developer engagement strategies.","epistemic_model":["Stakeholder theory","Social sciences of energy"],"method":["Interviews","Ethnography"],"technology":["Tidal power"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Maine"],"stakeholders":["Fishers","Residents","Experts","Developers","Policymakers"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"jones2010a","title":"Understanding `local' Opposition to Wind Development in the UK: How Big Is a Backyard?","authors":["Jones, Christopher R.","Eiser, J. Richard"],"year":2010,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2010.01.051","description":"The study examines how public attitudes towards wind turbine development vary with increasing distance from identified on- and off-shore sites in the UK.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Social acceptance of renewable energy"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Onshore wind","Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["United Kingdom"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"juszczyk2022","title":"Barriers for Renewable Energy Technologies Diffusion: Empirical Evidence from Finland and Poland","authors":["Juszczyk, Oskar","Juszczyk, Juliusz","Juszczyk, Slawomir","Takala, Josu"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en15020527","description":"The study explores socioeconomic and regulatory barriers to widespread diffusion of renewable energy technologies in Finland and Poland, drawing on the literature and the views of renewable energy company executives.","epistemic_model":["Innovation diffusion","Energy policy studies"],"method":["Literature review","Interviews"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Finland","Poland"],"stakeholders":["Renewable energy company executives"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"kadar2023","title":"A Survey of Renewable Energy, Climate Change, and Policy Awareness in Israel: The Long Path for Citizen Participation in the National Renewable Energy Transition","authors":["Kadar, Jozsef","Pilloni, Martina","Abu Hamed, Tareq"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en16052176","description":"The study examines Israeli citizens' perceptions of climate change and their awareness of renewable energy technologies and national energy policy, to assess social acceptance in Israel's energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Energy social science"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Israel"],"stakeholders":["Citizens"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"kallis2021","title":"The Challenges of Engaging Island Communities: Lessons on Renewable Energy from a Review of 17 Case Studies","authors":["Kallis, Gina","Stephanides, Phedeas","Bailey, Etienne","Devine-Wright, Patrick","Chalvatzis, Konstantinos","Bailey, Ian"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2021.102257","description":"Examines, through a thematic literature review, how community engagement on renewable energy developments can address the particular challenges of island communities, including benefit distribution, trust and conflict.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Community engagement studies"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"kar2018","title":"From Cookstove Acquisition to Cooking Transition: Framing the Behavioural Aspects of Cookstove Interventions","authors":["Kar, Abhishek","Zerriffi, Hisham"],"year":2018,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2018.02.015","description":"The study proposes the CI-CHANGE integrated framework to study the clean cooking energy transition and identifies gaps in current approaches to this transition.","epistemic_model":["Technology adoption theory","Behaviour change psychology","Transtheoretical Model","Theory of Planned Behaviour"],"method":[],"technology":["Clean cooking"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Households"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"karakislak2023","title":"Exploring the Interaction between Social Norms and Perceived Justice of Wind Energy Projects: A Qualitative Analysis","authors":["Karakislak, Irmak","Hildebrand, Jan","Schweizer-Ries, Petra"],"year":2023,"journal":"Journal Of Environmental Policy & Planning","doi":"10.1080/1523908X.2021.2020631","description":"The study explores the relationship between social norms and perceived justice as a conceptual framework to explain how they affect perceptions of wind energy projects.","epistemic_model":["Social psychology","Environmental justice"],"method":["Systematic review","Interviews"],"technology":["Wind energy projects"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"karakosta2013a","title":"Renewable Energy and Nuclear Power towards Sustainable Development: Characteristics and Prospects","authors":["Karakosta, Charikleia","Pappas, Charalampos","Marinakis, Vangelis","Psarras, John"],"year":2013,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2013.01.035","description":"The study provides a point-to-point comparison of five renewable energy technologies and two advanced nuclear technologies regarding characteristics, sustainability factors and deployment drivers and barriers.","epistemic_model":["Sustainable development","Energy technology assessment"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Biomass gasification","Molten carbonate fuel cells","Solar PV","Solar thermal","Offshore wind","European Pressurized Reactor","European Fast Reactor"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"karbasioun2023","title":"Developing Sustainable Power Systems by Evaluating Techno-Economic, Environmental, and Social Indicators from a System Dynamics Approach","authors":["Karbasioun, Matin","Gholamalipour, Afshin","Safaie, Nasser","Shirazizadeh, Rasool","Amidpour, Majid"],"year":2023,"journal":"Utilities Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.jup.2023.101566","description":"The study proposes a System Dynamics and Multi-Criteria Decision-Analysis framework to model power-sector energy transition in fossil-fuel-rich countries and compare renewable development against efficiency improvement of current technology, applied to Iran.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems modelling","Energy policy analysis"],"method":["System Dynamics","Multi-Criteria Decision-Analysis","Case study","Modelling"],"technology":["Renewable energy systems","Combined cycle systems","Water-efficient renewable technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Iran"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":"2016-2040"},{"id":"karlstrom2014","title":"Public Attitudes towards Renewable Energy Technologies in Norway. The Role of Party Preferences","authors":["Karlstrom, Henrik","Ryghaug, Marianne"],"year":2014,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2013.11.049","description":"The study examines how Norwegian citizens view renewable energy technologies, focusing on the influence of party political preference on attitudes toward energy technologies.","epistemic_model":["Political sociology","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Hydroelectric dams","Onshore wind","Offshore wind","Bioenergy plants","Gas plants with carbon capture and storage","Gas plants without carbon capture and storage"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["Norway"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"khatiwada2022","title":"Decarbonization of Natural Gas Systems in the EU-Costs, Barriers, and Constraints of Hydrogen Production with a Case Study in Portugal","authors":["Khatiwada, Dilip","Vasudevan, Rohan Adithya","Santos, Bruno Henrique"],"year":2022,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2022.112775","description":"The study investigates techno-economic aspects, barriers and constraints in EU policies and frameworks affecting natural gas decarbonization through renewable hydrogen injection.","epistemic_model":["Techno-economic analysis","Energy policy analysis"],"method":["Techno-economic analysis","SWOT analysis","PEST analysis","Case study","Sensitivity analysis"],"technology":["Green hydrogen","Blue hydrogen","Grey hydrogen"],"location_type":null,"geo":["European Union","Portugal"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":"2020; 2030; 2050"},{"id":"kim2020b","title":"How Deliberation Changes Public Opinions on Nuclear Energy: South Korea's Deliberation on Closing Nuclear Reactors","authors":["Kim, Philseo","Kim, Jihee","Yim, Man-Sung"],"year":2020,"journal":"Applied Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115094","description":"The study analyzes why people change opinion between opposing and supporting nuclear reactor construction, examining demographic factors and knowledge gained during deliberative polling in South Korea.","epistemic_model":["Political psychology","Public opinion research"],"method":["Deliberative polling","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Nuclear power"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["South Korea"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"kim2021","title":"Public Sentiment toward Solar Energy-Opinion Mining of Twitter Using a Transformer-Based Language Model","authors":["Kim, Serena Y.","Ganesan, Koushik","Dickens, Princess","Panda, Soumya"],"year":2021,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su13052673","description":"Examines public sentiment toward solar energy across United States states using Twitter data and a RoBERTa-based sentiment classification.","epistemic_model":["Computational social science","Energy policy studies"],"method":["Content analysis","Machine learning sentiment classification","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Solar energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["United States"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":"2020"},{"id":"kim2024","title":"Review of the Regulatory Challenges and Opportunities for Maritime Small Modular Reactors in Republic of Korea","authors":["Kim, Seon-Gon","Kim, Sanghwan","Mugabi, Jophous","Jeong, Jae-Ho"],"year":2024,"journal":"Journal Of Marine Science And Engineering","doi":"10.3390/jmse12111978","description":"The study examines regulatory and public acceptance challenges for integrating Small Modular Reactors into maritime propulsion.","epistemic_model":["Maritime law","Nuclear regulation","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":[],"technology":["Small modular reactors for maritime propulsion"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"kirkels2021","title":"Systems Engineering for the Energy Transition: Potential Contributions and Limitations","authors":["Kirkels, Arjan","Evers, Vince","Muller, Gerrit"],"year":2021,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su13105423","description":"A positioning paper discussing the value and limitations of a Systems Engineering approach in contributing to the energy transition, with attention to stakeholders' roles, agency and acceptance.","epistemic_model":["Systems engineering","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Case study"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"klain2018","title":"Bird Killer, Industrial Intruder or Clean Energy? Perceiving Risks to Ecosystem Services Due to an Offshore Wind Farm","authors":["Klain, Sarah C.","Satterfield, Terre","Sinner, Jim","Ellis, Joanne I.","Chan, Kai M. A."],"year":2018,"journal":"Ecological Economics","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.06.030","description":"The study investigates perceived risks and benefits of an offshore wind farm and why risks to some ecosystem services provoke greater public concern than others.","epistemic_model":["Risk perception theory","Ecosystem services assessment"],"method":["Interviews","Mixed-methods design"],"technology":["Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"kloppenburg2019","title":"Technologies of Engagement: How Battery Storage Technologies Shape Householder Participation in Energy Transitions","authors":["Kloppenburg, Sanneke","Smale, Robin","Verkade, Nick"],"year":2019,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en12224384","description":"The study examines how residential energy storage technologies, specifically home batteries, can enable householders to contribute to the energy transition by affording new roles and energy practices.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Material participation theory"],"method":["Interviews"],"technology":["Residential battery storage"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":["Households","Experts"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"kluskens2024","title":"Beyond a Checklist for Acceptance: Understanding the Dynamic Process of Community Acceptance","authors":["Kluskens, Nikki","Alkemade, Floor","Hoffken, Johanna"],"year":2024,"journal":"Sustainability Science","doi":"10.1007/s11625-024-01468-8","description":"The study examines community acceptance as a dynamic process, rather than only an outcome, in uncontested renewable energy technology project implementation.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of energy technologies","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":[],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"knayer2022","title":"An Analysis of Smart Meter Technologies for Efficient Energy Management in Households and Organizations","authors":["Knayer, Tobias","Kryvinska, Natalia"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energy Reports","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2022.03.041","description":"Literature review of smart meter technology to determine its current status in companies and which factors influence its acceptance and use.","epistemic_model":["Technology acceptance research","Energy transition studies"],"method":["Literature review","SWOT analysis"],"technology":["Smart meter technology"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["Households"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"koirala2018b","title":"Trust, Awareness, and Independence: Insights from a Socio-Psychological Factor Analysis of Citizen Knowledge and Participation in Community Energy Systems","authors":["Koirala, Binod Prasad","Araghi, Yashar","Kroesen, Maarten","Ghorbani, Amineh","Hakvoort, Rudi A.","Herder, Paulien M."],"year":2018,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2018.01.009","description":"The study analyses the impact of demographic, socio-economic, socio-institutional and environmental factors on citizens' willingness to participate in community energy systems.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Energy social science"],"method":["Survey","Factor analysis","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Community energy systems"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Netherlands"],"stakeholders":["Citizens"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"koirala2018c","title":"Community Energy Storage: A Responsible Innovation towards a Sustainable Energy System?","authors":["Koirala, Binod Prasad","van Oost, Ellen","van der Windt, Henny"],"year":2018,"journal":"Applied Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.09.163","description":"The study develops and discusses configurations of community energy storage, conceptualised as a complex socio-technical system, and explores its dynamics within the energy system.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","System innovation","Responsible research and innovation"],"method":[],"technology":["Community energy storage"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"komendantova2021","title":"Transferring Awareness into Action: A Meta-Analysis of the Behavioral Drivers of Energy Transitions in Germany, Austria, Finland, Morocco, Jordan and Iran","authors":["Komendantova, Nadejda"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2020.101826","description":"The paper examines how people make choices about energy transition alternatives and which factors influence these choices, going beyond social acceptance to willingness to participate and support.","epistemic_model":["Behavioral economics","Social sciences of energy"],"method":["Survey","Discrete choice experiment","Interviews"],"technology":["Renewable energy sources"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany","Austria","Finland","Morocco","Jordan","Iran"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"korucan2024","title":"Opportunities and Challenges of Geothermal Energy in Turkiye1","authors":["Korucan, Aysun","Derin-Gure, Pinar","Celebi, Bertug","Baker, Derek","Vander Velde, Madeline"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy For Sustainable Development","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101417","description":"The study analyses opportunities and challenges in the development and diffusion of geothermal energy in Turkiye through a qualitative analysis based on the Technological Innovation Systems framework.","epistemic_model":["Technological Innovation Systems","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Interviews"],"technology":["Geothermal energy"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Turkiye"],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"kreuz2019","title":"Why, and What Will It Look like? Evaluating Energy Experts' Responses Concerning the German Energiewende and Their Implications for Communication Efforts","authors":["Kreuz, Sebastian","Ploss, Eugenia"],"year":2019,"journal":"Etikk I Praksis","doi":"10.5324/eip.v13i2.2599","description":"The study examines how the German energy transition (Energiewende) can be communicated to the general public given the diverse goals that stakeholders attach to it.","epistemic_model":["Science communication","Energy transition studies"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"krick2018","title":"Ensuring Social Acceptance of the Energy Transition. The German Government's `consensus Management' Strategy","authors":["Krick, Eva"],"year":2018,"journal":"Journal Of Environmental Policy & Planning","doi":"10.1080/1523908X.2017.1319264","description":"The study examines the German Federal Government's consensus management strategy for securing public support for the Energiewende and why a strong social mandate is needed.","epistemic_model":["Political science","Energy policy studies"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"kruczek2025","title":"Navigating Socio-Technical Challenges in Energy Efficiency: Case Studies on Hybrid Pumped-Hydropower Storage in Poland and Greece","authors":["Kruczek, Mariusz","Markowska, Malgorzata","Servou, Aikaterini","Roumpos, Christos","Mertiri, Eleni","Ernst, Priscilla","Darmosz, Jaroslaw","Kempka, Thomas"],"year":2025,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en18030599","description":"Examines socio-technical challenges, public awareness, perceived impacts and acceptance of hybrid pumped-hydropower storage as a repurposing option for decommissioned lignite mines in two European coal-mining regions.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Social acceptance of energy technologies"],"method":["Desk study","Survey"],"technology":["Hybrid pumped-hydropower storage"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Western Macedonia","Łódzkie Region"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"kumar2021","title":"Energy Requirement, Resources and Future Management: A Review","authors":["Kumar, Aneep","Choudhary, Shobhna"],"year":2021,"journal":"Indian Journal Of Pure & Applied Physics","doi":null,"description":"Review assessing the status and prospects of non-renewable and renewable energy sources, including their problematic aspects, CO2 emissions comparison and barriers to adopting renewables.","epistemic_model":["Energy studies","Energy transition"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Renewable energy sources","Fossil fuels"],"location_type":null,"geo":["India"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"kunneke2015","title":"Understanding Values Embedded in Offshore Wind Energy Systems: Toward a Purposeful Institutional and Technological Design","authors":["Kunneke, Rolf","Mehos, Donna C.","Hillerbrand, Rafaela","Hemmes, Kas"],"year":2015,"journal":"Environmental Science & Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2015.06.013","description":"The article addresses how to align offshore energy systems with moral and social values, not only technical and economic ones, by developing a framework relating embedded values to societal acceptability.","epistemic_model":["Value sensitive design","Capabilities approach","Ethics of technology"],"method":[],"technology":["Offshore energy systems"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"ladenburg2020","title":"The Offshore-Onshore Conundrum: Preferences for Wind Energy Considering Spatial Data in Denmark","authors":["Ladenburg, Jacob","Hevia-Koch, Pablo","Petrovic, Stefan","Knapp, Lauren"],"year":2020,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2020.109711","description":"The study explores spatial preferences for onshore versus offshore wind turbines, considering visual impact and costs and controlling for respondents' socioeconomic characteristics.","epistemic_model":["Environmental economics","Spatial analysis of preferences"],"method":["Stated preference study","Spatial analysis"],"technology":["Onshore wind","Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":[],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"ladenburg2024","title":"Taking the Carbon Capture and Storage, Wind Power, PV or Other Renewable Technology Path to Fight Climate Change? Exploring the Acceptance of Climate Change Mitigation Technologies - A Danish National Representative Study","authors":["Ladenburg, Jacob","Kim, Jiwon","Zuch, Matteo","Soytas, Ugur"],"year":2024,"journal":"Renewable Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2023.119582","description":"The study explores cross-technology public acceptance of multiple low-carbon energy technologies at different locations, addressing the gap that most studies examine single technologies.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of energy technologies","Environmental economics"],"method":["Survey","Subgroup analysis"],"technology":["Nuclear power","District heating","Energy-saving technologies","Onshore wind","Nearshore wind","Offshore wind","Solar PV","Carbon capture and storage"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["Denmark"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"lam2025","title":"Driving Sustainable Energy Transition: Understanding Residential Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Adoption in Malaysia through a Behavioural Analysis","authors":["Lam, Sook-Theng","Yap, Kian-Meng","Yeoh, Keat-Hoe"],"year":2025,"journal":"Renewable And Sustainable Energy Transition","doi":"10.1016/j.rset.2025.100103","description":"Investigates barriers to and drivers of rooftop solar PV adoption in existing houses in Malaysia using UTAUT2, examining economic, environmental, social, technological and regulatory factors.","epistemic_model":["Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2)"],"method":["Survey","Interviews","Structural equation modeling"],"technology":["Rooftop solar PV"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Malaysia"],"stakeholders":["Households"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"lammers2023","title":"'I Tweet about Our #GreenEnergy'-Automated Classification of Social Identity and Opinion Mining of the Dutch Twitter Discourse on Green-Energy Technologies","authors":["Lammers, Romee","Jansma, Sikke R.","Veldkamp, Bernard P.","Machens, Anna K.","de Visser, Matthias","Gosselt, Jordy F."],"year":2023,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su152216106","description":"The study examines public sentiment towards various green-energy technologies on Twitter during the Dutch 2021 general elections, and how users with different self-proclaimed identities perceive them.","epistemic_model":["Computational social science","Social identity theory"],"method":["Sentiment analysis","Text classification","Frequency analysis","Co-occurrence analysis"],"technology":["Green-energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Netherlands"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":"2021"},{"id":"langer2016a","title":"A Qualitative Analysis to Understand the Acceptance of Wind Energy in Bavaria","authors":["Langer, Katharina","Decker, Thomas","Roosen, Jutta","Menrad, Klaus"],"year":2016,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.084","description":"The study identifies factors influencing the acceptance of wind energy and selects those most relevant for wind energy acceptance in Bavaria.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of renewable energy","Environmental psychology"],"method":[],"technology":["Wind energy"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Bavaria"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"lau2021a","title":"The Role of Carbon Capture and Storage in the Energy Transition","authors":["Lau, Hon Chung","Ramakrishna, Seeram","Zhang, Kai","Radhamani, Adiyodi Veettil"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energy & Fuels","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00032","description":"Review of the salient features of the energy transition from a high to a low carbon economy, focusing on the role of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and ways to accelerate its implementation.","epistemic_model":["Energy transition studies","Energy policy"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Carbon capture and storage","Blue hydrogen"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"lavidas2018","title":"Energy Production Benefits by Wind and Wave Energies for the Autonomous System of Crete","authors":["Lavidas, George","Venugopal, Vengatesan"],"year":2018,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en11102741","description":"The study assesses the potential of combined offshore wind and wave energy stations west of Crete to complement wind production variability and reduce spatial constraints and public acceptance issues.","epistemic_model":["Renewable energy engineering","Energy systems analysis"],"method":["Spatio-temporal correlation analysis"],"technology":["Offshore wind","Wave energy","Hybrid wind-wave stations"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Crete"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"lazaroiu2024","title":"Social Impact of Decarbonization Objectives through Smart Homes: Survey and Analysis","authors":["Lazaroiu, Alexandra Catalina","Roscia, Mariacristina","Dancu, Vasile Sebastian","Balaban, Georgiana"],"year":2024,"journal":"Renewable Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.120872","description":"Social analysis of how large-city populations perceive integrating renewable energy sources and smart home devices to transform existing houses towards economic wellbeing and decarbonization.","epistemic_model":["Energy social science","Sociology of technology"],"method":["Interviews"],"technology":["Smart home technologies","Renewable energy sources"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":["Residents","Households"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"lee2019","title":"Economic Feasibility Analysis and Policy Implication for Photovoltaic System at Cohousing in KOREA","authors":["Lee, Mina"],"year":2019,"journal":"Renewable Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2018.11.109","description":"The study performs an economic feasibility analysis and examines policy implications of residential photovoltaic systems for cohousing in Korea.","epistemic_model":["Energy economics","Energy policy"],"method":["Economic feasibility analysis"],"technology":["Residential solar PV"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Korea"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"lee2021","title":"Consumers' Heterogeneous Preferences toward the Renewable Portfolio Standard Policy: An Evaluation of Korea's Energy Transition Policy","authors":["Lee, Jihee","Moon, HyungBin","Lee, Jongsu"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energy & Environment","doi":"10.1177/0958305X20949467","description":"The study analyzes public heterogeneous preferences for Korean renewable portfolio standard (RPS) policies, identifies determinants of divided reactions, and forecasts public acceptance of renewable energy expansion until 2030.","epistemic_model":["Environmental economics","Energy policy analysis"],"method":["Simulation analysis"],"technology":["Renewable energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Korea"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"lee2023a","title":"Preferences and Perceived Barriers to Pursuing Energy Sovereignty and Renewable Energy: A Tribal Nations Perspective","authors":["Lee, Don","Schelly, Chelsea","Gagnon, Valoree S.","Smith, Sarah","Tiwari, Shardul"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2023.102967","description":"The study contributes a collaborative, energy-justice-based research methodology with Tribal members and empirical evidence on Tribal community preferences and perceived barriers to a renewable energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Social acceptance of energy systems"],"method":["Survey","Collaborative research"],"technology":["Renewable energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Tribal members"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"lee2023b","title":"Determinants of Public Preferences on Low-Carbon Energy Sources: Evidence from the United Kingdom","authors":["Lee, Juyong","Reiner, David M."],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2023.128704","description":"The study derives the determinants of British public preferences for and support of solar, wind, biomass and nuclear energy as low-carbon energy sources.","epistemic_model":["Energy social science","Public opinion research"],"method":["Regression analysis","Machine learning variable selection (ridge, lasso, elastic net regression)","Comparative analysis"],"technology":["Solar","Wind","Biomass","Nuclear"],"location_type":null,"geo":["United Kingdom"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"lennon2019","title":"Community Acceptability and the Energy Transition: A Citizens' Perspective","authors":["Lennon, Breffni","Dunphy, Niall P.","Sanvicente, Estibaliz"],"year":2019,"journal":"Energy Sustainability And Society","doi":"10.1186/s13705-019-0218-z","description":"The study investigates citizen perceptions of the energy transition and the roles citizens see for themselves, asking how local communities can become empowered to drive project development and engage in the low-carbon transition.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Participatory action research"],"method":["Mixed methods","Participatory action research","Co-design"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["France","Ireland","Italy","Spain","United Kingdom"],"stakeholders":["Citizens","Local communities"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"levenda2021a","title":"Renewable Energy for Whom? A Global Systematic Review of the Environmental Justice Implications of Renewable Energy Technologies","authors":["Levenda, A. M.","Behrsin, I","Disano, F."],"year":2021,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2020.101837","description":"Systematic review summarizing documented environmental justice impacts associated with renewable energy technologies in order to ensure renewable energy policies incorporate justice concerns.","epistemic_model":["Environmental justice","Energy justice"],"method":["Systematic review"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"li2020a","title":"A Review on Renewable Energy Transition in Australia: An Updated Depiction","authors":["Li, Hong Xian","Edwards, David J.","Hosseini, M. Reza","Costin, Glenn P."],"year":2020,"journal":"Journal Of Cleaner Production","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118475","description":"Systematic review of the state of renewable energy, related policy and the way ahead in the Australian context, covering energy potential, utilisation and policy incentives.","epistemic_model":["Interpretivism","Energy policy"],"method":["Systematic review","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies","Waste-to-energy","Geothermal energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Australia"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"li2023","title":"Planning Principles for Integrating Community Empowerment into Zero-Net Carbon Transformation","authors":["Li, Liwen","Lange, Klaus W."],"year":2023,"journal":"Smart Cities","doi":"10.3390/smartcities6010006","description":"The study proposes a six-step participatory planning cycle to improve community-level planning for net-zero carbon transitions by involving end-users and households early.","epistemic_model":["Participatory planning","Sustainability transitions"],"method":["Participatory action research"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Households","Policymakers"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"lienert2015","title":"Public Acceptance of the Expansion and Modification of High-Voltage Power Lines in the Context of the Energy Transition","authors":["Lienert, Pascal","Suetterlin, Bernadette","Siegrist, Michael"],"year":2015,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2015.09.023","description":"The study investigates whether public perception and acceptance of high-voltage power lines (HVPLs) change when they are framed as a necessary measure for the successful energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Technology acceptance research"],"method":[],"technology":["High-voltage power lines"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"lienert2018","title":"Public Acceptance of High-Voltage Power Lines: The Influence of Information Provision on Undergrounding","authors":["Lienert, Pascal","Sutterlin, Bernadette","Siegrist, Michael"],"year":2018,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2017.10.025","description":"The study investigates whether providing information on visual and health impacts of underground high-voltage power lines influences public perception and acceptance in the context of grid expansion in Switzerland.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Risk perception research"],"method":[],"technology":["Underground high-voltage power lines","Overhead high-voltage power lines"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Switzerland"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"lilley2015","title":"Cool as a (Sea) Cucumber? Exploring Public Attitudes toward Seawater Air Conditioning in Hawai`i","authors":["Lilley, Jonathan","Konan, Denise Eby","Lerner, Darren T."],"year":2015,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2015.05.005","description":"Examines O'ahu residents' attitudes toward seawater air conditioning (SWAC) and opinions on installing a system in Waikiki, including factors affecting support.","epistemic_model":["Environmental social science","Public attitudes research"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Seawater air conditioning"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["O'ahu"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"lindsay1998","title":"Response Actions at Offshore Hazardous Waste Sites","authors":["Lindsay, J","Karl, H","McGillivary, P","Vogt, P","Hall, R","MacDonald, I","Coles, B"],"year":1998,"journal":"","doi":null,"description":"Reviews uninvestigated U.S. offshore hazardous waste sites and the technologies and systematic approaches available for investigating them, given cost and budget limits.","epistemic_model":["Environmental risk management","Marine environmental assessment"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["United States"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"linnerud2022","title":"Do People Prefer Offshore to Onshore Wind Energy? The Role of Ownership and Intended Use","authors":["Linnerud, K.","Dugstad, A.","Rygg, B. J."],"year":2022,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2022.112732","description":"The study examines how the general public's acceptance of wind energy is affected by a political shift from onshore to nearshore or offshore locations, from local or national to international ownership, and from meeting national to international needs.","epistemic_model":["Environmental economics","Energy social science"],"method":["Discrete choice experiment","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Onshore wind","Nearshore wind","Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["Norway"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"linzenich2018","title":"Uncovering the Impact of Trust and Perceived Fairness on the Acceptance of Wind Power Plants and Electricity Pylons","authors":["Linzenich, Anika","Ziefle, Martina"],"year":2018,"journal":"","doi":"10.5220/0006696001900198","description":"The study investigates how perceived fairness of project planning, trust in stakeholders and trust in technology shape public acceptance of wind power plants and power lines in the German energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Social psychology","Technology acceptance research"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Wind power plants","Power lines"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"lisiak-zielinska2023","title":"Perception of Biogas Plants: A Public Awareness and Preference- A Case Study for the Agricultural Landscape","authors":["Lisiak-Zielinska, Marta","Jaloszynska, Sylwia","Borowiak, Klaudia","Budka, Anna","Dach, Jacek"],"year":2023,"journal":"Renewable Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2023.119212","description":"The study examines public awareness and perception of agricultural biogas plants in a diverse landscape and assesses the visual impact of an existing biogas plant, based on investments from Poland.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Landscape assessment"],"method":["Survey","Visual assessment (JAR-WAK landscape evaluation method)"],"technology":["Agricultural biogas plants"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Poland"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"liu2017","title":"How Uncertain Is the Future of Electric Vehicle Market: Results from Monte Carlo Simulations Using a Nested Logit Model","authors":["Liu, Changzheng","Lin, Zhenhong"],"year":2017,"journal":"International Journal Of Sustainable Transportation","doi":"10.1080/15568318.2016.1248583","description":"The study analyzes the uncertainty of future plug-in electric vehicle market penetration and the factors driving market share variability.","epistemic_model":["Consumer choice theory","Energy systems modelling"],"method":["Modelling","Monte Carlo simulation","Nested multinomial logit"],"technology":["Plug-in electric vehicles"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Consumers"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"loehr2022","title":"Just Energy Transition: Learning from the Past for a More Just and Sustainable Hydrogen Transition in West Africa","authors":["Loehr, Katharina","Matavel, Custodio Efraim","Tadesse, Sophia","Yazdanpanah, Masoud","Sieber, Stefan","Komendantova, Nadejda"],"year":2022,"journal":"Land","doi":"10.3390/land11122193","description":"The study draws on a historical analysis of past energy projects to identify conflict factors that can influence the outcome of hydrogen energy transition projects in Nigeria and Mali, in support of a more just transition to a hydrogen economy.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Energy policy"],"method":["Systematic review"],"technology":["Hydrogen"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Nigeria","Mali"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"loia2022","title":"Towards a Resilient Perspective for the Future of Offshore Platforms. Insights from a Data Driven Approach","authors":["Loia, Francesca","Capobianco, Nunzia","Vona, Roberto"],"year":2022,"journal":"Transforming Government- People Process And Policy","doi":"10.1108/TG-04-2021-0067","description":"The study investigates the collective perception of the future and decommissioning of offshore platforms and frames the main categories of meanings the community associates with it.","epistemic_model":["Social perception research","Circular economy"],"method":["Sentiment analysis","Cluster analysis","Text mining"],"technology":["Offshore platforms"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"long2025","title":"Capital Endowments: Explaining Energy Citizenship Using Bourdieu's Forms of Capital","authors":["Long, Le Anh Nguyen","Jansma, Sikke R.","Lee, Dasom","de Jong, Menno D. T."],"year":2025,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2024.103903","description":"The study asks how energy citizenship can be stimulated by Bourdieu's forms of capital to promote the use and acceptance of renewable energy.","epistemic_model":["Bourdieu's theory of capital","Energy citizenship"],"method":["Content analysis","Interviews"],"technology":["Onshore wind"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Netherlands"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"lu2018a","title":"Searching for an Optimal Level of Prefabrication in Construction: An Analytical Framework","authors":["Lu, Weisheng","Chen, Ke","Xue, Fan","Pan, Wei"],"year":2018,"journal":"Journal Of Cleaner Production","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.319","description":"The paper develops a PEST-based analytical framework to identify the optimal level of prefabrication adoption in construction, substantiated with Hong Kong as a case.","epistemic_model":["PEST analysis","Construction management"],"method":["Case study","Analytical framework development"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Hong Kong"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"lyytimaki2018","title":"Energy Transition Looming behind the Headlines? Newspaper Coverage of Biogas Production in Finland","authors":["Lyytimaki, Jari","Nygren, Nina A.","Pulkka, Anna","Rantala, Salla"],"year":2018,"journal":"Energy Sustainability And Society","doi":"10.1186/s13705-018-0158-z","description":"Examines the long-term development of Finnish newspaper coverage of biogas as a case of media framing in energy transitions, focusing on phases, discursive actors and key framings.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Media framing studies"],"method":["Content analysis"],"technology":["Biogas"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Finland"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"mabon2014","title":"Perceptions of Sub-Seabed Carbon Dioxide Storage in Scotland and Implications for Policy: A Qualitative Study","authors":["Mabon, Leslie","Shackley, Simon","Bower-Bir, Nathan"],"year":2014,"journal":"Marine Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2013.11.011","description":"The paper challenges the argument that public and stakeholder support is easier to obtain for offshore than onshore CO2 storage, and identifies acceptance challenges for sub-seabed CO2 storage in Scotland.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of energy technologies","Science and technology studies"],"method":["Interviews"],"technology":["Sub-seabed CO2 storage","CCS"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Scotland"],"stakeholders":["Stakeholders","Informed publics"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"mah2018","title":"Understanding Undergraduate Students' Perceptions of Dynamic Pricing Policies: An Exploratory Study of Two Pilot Deliberative Pollings (DPs) in Guangzhou, China and Kyoto, Japan","authors":["Mah, Daphne Ngar-yin","Lam, Victor","Siu, Alice","Ye, Hua","Ogata, Seiichi","Wu, Yun-Ying"],"year":2018,"journal":"Journal Of Cleaner Production","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.07.255","description":"Exploratory study of how deliberative polling shapes undergraduate students' perceptions of and choices among dynamic pricing options for smart grids in Guangzhou and Kyoto.","epistemic_model":["Deliberative democracy","Public participation in energy governance"],"method":["Deliberative polling"],"technology":["Smart grids","Smart meters","Dynamic pricing"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Guangzhou","Kyoto"],"stakeholders":["Students"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"martin2019","title":"Hydrogen Energy Technologies' Acceptance Review and Perspective: Toward a Needs' Anticipation Approach","authors":["Martin, Antoine","Agnoletti, Marie-France","Brangier, Eric"],"year":2019,"journal":"","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-96068-5\\_69","description":"The study reviews works on the acceptance of Hydrogen Energy Technologies, highlights limits of acceptance-based approaches and proposes a Needs' anticipation approach for human-technology relationships.","epistemic_model":["Human-technology relationship","Innovation studies"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Hydrogen Energy Technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"martin2020","title":"Users in the Design of Hydrogen Energy Systems: A Systematic Review","authors":["Martin, Antoine","Agnoletti, Marie-France","Brangier, Eric"],"year":2020,"journal":"International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.02.163","description":"Systematic review of how end users are taken into account in hydrogen energy systems research, identifying the approaches implemented to consider users.","epistemic_model":["User-centred design","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Systematic review","Content analysis"],"technology":["Hydrogen energy systems"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"martinez-gordon2022","title":"Modelling a Highly Decarbonised North Sea Energy System in 2050: A Multinational Approach","authors":["Martinez-Gordon, Rafael","Sanchez-Dieguez, Manuel","Fattahi, Amirhossein","Morales-Espana, German","Sijm, Jos","Faaij, Andre"],"year":2022,"journal":"Advances In Applied Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100080","description":"The study develops the IESA-NS integrated energy system optimization model and uses it to analyse optimal North Sea region system configurations that meet net-zero emission targets in 2050.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems modelling","Energy transition studies"],"method":["Modelling"],"technology":["Offshore wind","Onshore variable renewable energy","Hydrogen electrolysis","Natural gas reforming","Biomass","CCUS","Offshore interconnectors"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["Belgium","Denmark","Germany","Netherlands","Norway","Sweden","United Kingdom"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":"2050"},{"id":"martinez2020","title":"The Effectiveness of the Social Impact Assessment (SIA) in Energy Transition Management: Stakeholders' Insights from Renewable Energy Projects in Mexico","authors":["Martinez, Nain","Komendantova, Nadejda"],"year":2020,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111744","description":"The study analyses the effectiveness of social impact assessment (SIA) as a policy tool addressing social opposition to renewable energy projects in Mexico.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Policy analysis"],"method":[],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Mexico"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"martinez2024","title":"Assessing the Potential of Marine Renewable Energy in Mexico: Socioeconomic Needs, Energy Potential, Environmental Concerns, and Social Perception","authors":["Martinez, M. Luisa","Chavez, Valeria","Silva, Rodolfo","Heckel, Gisela","Garduno-Ruiz, Erika Paola","Wojtarowski, Astrid","Vazquez, Gabriela","Perez-Maqueo, Octavio","Maximiliano-Cordova, Carmelo","Salgado, Karla","Landgrave, Rosario","Mateos, Efrain","Tapia, Erik"],"year":2024,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su16167059","description":"The study identifies sites in Mexico for efficient Marine Renewable Energy production while considering socioeconomic needs, environmental risks and societal acceptance, in the context of the SDGs.","epistemic_model":["Sustainable development","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Modelling","Spatial analysis"],"technology":["Marine renewable energy","Nearshore wind","Wave energy","Marine currents","Ocean thermal energy"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Mexico"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"martirano2022","title":"Blockchain-Based Democratic Power Sharing in Building-Scale Energy Communities","authors":["Martirano, Luigi","Araneo, Rodolfo"],"year":2022,"journal":"","doi":"10.1109/BLORIN54731.2022.10028256","description":"The paper explores the potential of a power-sharing model for building-scale energy communities and blockchain-based management to foster democratic perceptions and social acceptance among non-trusting end-users.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Energy systems engineering"],"method":[],"technology":["Blockchain","Building-scale energy communities"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":["Consumers"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"mayer2019","title":"How Should Unconventional Oil and Gas Be Regulated? The Role of Natural Resource Dependence and Economic Insecurity","authors":["Mayer, Adam","Malin, Stephanie"],"year":2019,"journal":"Journal Of Rural Studies","doi":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.11.005","description":"Examines how natural resource dependence, local economic conditions and perceived economic benefits relate to support for restrictive oil and gas regulations in Colorado.","epistemic_model":["Political economy","Environmental sociology"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Unconventional oil and gas drilling"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Colorado"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"mccauley2019a","title":"Energy Justice in the Transition to Low Carbon Energy Systems: Exploring Key Themes in Interdisciplinary Research","authors":["McCauley, Darren","Ramasar, Vasna","Heffron, Raphael J.","Sovacool, Benjamin K.","Mebratu, Desta","Mundaca, Luis"],"year":2019,"journal":"Applied Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.005","description":"An editorial introduction to a special issue that outlines an energy justice framework for the low carbon energy transition and its decision-making.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"mclachlan2009","title":"`You Don't Do a Chemistry Experiment in Your Best China': Symbolic Interpretations of Place and Technology in a Wave Energy Case","authors":["McLachlan, Carly"],"year":2009,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2009.07.057","description":"The study assesses how opposition and support form in the case of the Wave Hub wave energy development in Cornwall, arguing that stakeholder responses relate to symbolic interpretations of the technology and place.","epistemic_model":["Environmental sociology","Place and symbolic meaning theory"],"method":["Interviews","Case study","Content analysis"],"technology":["Wave energy"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Cornwall"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"melnyk2025","title":"Navigating the north sea dilemmas","authors":["Melnyk, Anna; Taebi, Behnam; Gammon, Andrea; Hutton, James; Pesch, Udo"],"year":2025,"journal":"","doi":null,"description":"The report presents a framework for mapping ethical dilemmas, understood as conflicts between values, in the development of offshore wind parks in the North Sea.","epistemic_model":["Ethics of technology","Value-sensitive design"],"method":["Literature review","Workshop"],"technology":["Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["North Sea"],"stakeholders":["Stakeholders"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"mendrinos2022","title":"Understanding Societal Requirements of CCS Projects: Application of the Societal Embeddedness Level Assessment Methodology in Four National Case Studies","authors":["Mendrinos, Dimitrios","Karytsas, Spyridon","Polyzou, Olympia","Karytsas, Constantine","Nordo, Asta Dyrnes","Midttomme, Kirsti","Otto, Danny","Gross, Matthias","Sprenkeling, Marit","Peuchen, Ruben","Geerdink, Tara","Puts, Hanneke"],"year":2022,"journal":"Clean Technologies","doi":"10.3390/cleantechnol4040055","description":"The study applies a societal embeddedness level (SEL) assessment framework to CCS development in four countries to identify societal requirements for deploying the DigiMon digital monitoring system for subsurface CO2 storage.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Technology assessment"],"method":["Case study","Societal embeddedness level assessment"],"technology":["Carbon capture and storage (CCS)","Digital monitoring early warning system for subsurface CO2 storage"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Norway","Netherlands","Greece","Germany"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"merk2022","title":"Don't Send Us Your Waste Gases: Public Attitudes toward International Carbon Dioxide Transportation and Storage in Europe","authors":["Merk, Christine","Nordo, Asta Dyrnes","Andersen, Gisle","Laegreid, Ole Martin","Tvinnereim, Endre"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2021.102450","description":"The study examines how exporting or importing CO2 (nationality of CO2 source and storage site) affects public perceptions of carbon capture and storage in Germany and Norway.","epistemic_model":["Construal level theory","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Survey","Fractional factorial survey experiment"],"technology":["Carbon capture and storage"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["Germany","Norway"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"mey2023","title":"Legitimizing Energy Transitions through Community Participation: Germany and Australia at a Crossroad","authors":["Mey, Franziska","Kallies, Anne","Wiseman, John","Watson, Mitchel"],"year":2023,"journal":"Globalizations","doi":"10.1080/14747731.2022.2138261","description":"The study examines how enabling community participation can enhance the legitimacy of energy transition policy instruments in Germany and Australia, with a focus on institutional legitimation.","epistemic_model":["Input and output legitimacy theory","Energy policy studies"],"method":["Case study"],"technology":["Renewable energy technology"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany","Australia"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"middelhoff2021","title":"Hybrid Concentrated Solar Biomass (HCSB) Plant for Electricity Generation in Australia: Design and Evaluation of Techno-Economic and Environmental Performance","authors":["Middelhoff, Ella","Furtado, Leandro Andrade","Peterseim, Juergen H.","Madden, Ben","Ximenes, Fabiano","Florin, Nick"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energy Conversion And Management","doi":"10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114244","description":"Evaluates the technical and economic feasibility of a rice-straw-fed hybrid concentrated solar biomass plant in the Riverina-Murray region of Australia.","epistemic_model":["Techno-economic assessment","Energy systems engineering"],"method":["Case study","Modelling"],"technology":["Hybrid concentrated solar biomass (HCSB) plant","Concentrated solar power","Biomass boiler"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Riverina-Murray"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"mirza2024","title":"A Thematic Analysis of the Factors That Influence the Development of a Renewable Energy Policy","authors":["Mirza, Zuhaib Tayar","Anderson, Timothy","Seadon, Jeff","Brent, Alan"],"year":2024,"journal":"Renewable Energy Focus","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2024.100562","description":"Literature-based thematic analysis identifying the major themes and factors of the policy space that promotes or hampers renewable energy development.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy studies","Just energy 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Koteswara Rao","Raut, Rakesh D.","Kumar, Mukesh"],"year":2022,"journal":"Journal Of Cleaner Production","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133595","description":"The study identifies and prioritizes critical challenges to IoT-enabled renewable energy use from the consumers' perspective in emerging economies such as India.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Technology acceptance"],"method":["Exploratory factor analysis","Fuzzy DEMATEL","Survey"],"technology":["IoT-enabled renewable energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["India"],"stakeholders":["Consumers"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"mishra2023","title":"Dynamics of Solar Energy Entrepreneurship in Rural Bihar, India","authors":["Mishra, Rajat","Shiradkar, Sayli","Werner, Kelsey","Maria, Tresa","Kumar, Praveen","Venkateswaran, Jayendran","Solanki, Chetan S."],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy For Sustainable Development","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2023.101269","description":"The study explores local entrepreneurs' perceptions of social, economic and technological factors shaping rural entrepreneurship dynamics and low-cost solar energy access in poor communities of India, and identifies strategies to improve institutional support.","epistemic_model":["System dynamics","Entrepreneurship studies"],"method":["Community-based system dynamics","Workshop","Modelling","Survey"],"technology":["Solar off-grid products","Energy-efficient devices","Stationary battery storage"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Bihar"],"stakeholders":["Entrepreneurs","Retailers"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"mishra2024","title":"Empowering Sustainability: Understanding the Users' Perceptions on the Adoption of Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs) through a Systematic Literature Review","authors":["Mishra, Rahul","Naik, B. Koteswara Rao","Raut, Rakesh D."],"year":2024,"journal":"Journal Of Indian Business Research","doi":"10.1108/JIBR-05-2023-0164","description":"Systematic review and bibliometric synthesis of research on consumer acceptance and adoption intention of renewable energy technologies (RETs).","epistemic_model":["Technology acceptance research","Consumer behaviour"],"method":["Systematic review","Literature review","Bibliometric analysis"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Consumers"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"mishrif2024","title":"Non-Industrial Solar Energy Use, Barriers, and Readiness: Case Study of Oman","authors":["Mishrif, Ashraf","Khan, Asharul"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en17163917","description":"Assesses Omani consumers' solar energy use, barriers, policy needs and willingness to use solar energy in the future for sustainable development.","epistemic_model":["Energy transition studies","Consumer behaviour"],"method":["Survey","Principal component analysis","Kruskal-Wallis H-test"],"technology":["Solar PV"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Oman"],"stakeholders":["Consumers","Residents","Commercial units"],"scale":"Meso","period":"2023"},{"id":"moerkerken2023","title":"Which Farmers Adopt Solar Energy? A Regression Analysis to Explain Adoption Decisions over Time","authors":["Moerkerken, Albert","Duijndam, Sem","Blasch, Julia","van Beukering, Pieter","van Well, Erik"],"year":2023,"journal":"Renewable Energy Focus","doi":"10.1016/j.ref.2023.04.001","description":"The study examines the determinants of solar PV adoption among Dutch farmers and how their perceptions and responses evolved over time.","epistemic_model":["Innovation adoption theory","Energy social science"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Solar PV"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Netherlands"],"stakeholders":["Farmers"],"scale":"Meso","period":"2015; 2018; 2020"},{"id":"moglia2022","title":"Hybrid Approach for Modelling the Uptake of Residential Solar PV Systems, with Case Study Application in Melbourne, Australia","authors":["Moglia, Magnus","Nygaard, Christian A.","Glackin, Stephen","Cook, Stephen","Tapsuwan, Sorada"],"year":2022,"journal":"Jasss-The Journal Of Artificial Societies And Social Simulation","doi":"10.18564/jasss.4921","description":"The paper presents a hybrid Agent-Based-Modelling/statistical adoption prediction framework for residential solar PV uptake, demonstrated for the Melbourne metropolitan region.","epistemic_model":["Behavioural theory","Diffusion of innovations"],"method":["Agent-based modelling","Modelling","Spatial analysis"],"technology":["Residential solar PV"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Melbourne"],"stakeholders":["Households"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"mogrovejo-narvaez2024","title":"Barriers to the Implementation of On-Grid Photovoltaic Systems in Ecuador","authors":["Mogrovejo-Narvaez, Mateo","Barragan-Escandon, Antonio","Zalamea-Leon, Esteban","Serrano-Guerrero, Xavier"],"year":2024,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su16219466","description":"The study identifies barriers to widespread adoption of photovoltaic microgeneration in buildings in Ecuador and proposes solutions to overcome them.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Technology adoption"],"method":["Systematic literature review","Survey","Multi-criteria analysis","Statistical analysis"],"technology":["Photovoltaic microgeneration in buildings"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Ecuador"],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"moliner2021","title":"Current Status of Energy Production from Solid Biomass in Southern Italy","authors":["Moliner, Cristina","Arato, Elisabetta","Marchelli, Filippo"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en14092576","description":"Analysis of thermochemical plants fed with solid biomass in Southern Italy, considering biomass availability and potential together with cost-benefit analysis based on LCOE.","epistemic_model":["Energy economics","Bioenergy systems analysis"],"method":["Cost-benefit analysis","Spatial analysis"],"technology":["Solid biomass thermochemical plants"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Southern Italy"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"moser2017","title":"The Role of Perceived Control over Appliances in the Acceptance of Electricity Load-Shifting Programmes","authors":["Moser, Corinne"],"year":2017,"journal":"Energy Efficiency","doi":"10.1007/s12053-017-9508-5","description":"The study analyses how control over appliance use and data security perceptions influence the social acceptance of household load-shifting programmes using smart appliances.","epistemic_model":["Social psychology","Technology acceptance research"],"method":["Online experiment"],"technology":["Smart appliances for load-shifting","Smart grid","Smart metering"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Switzerland"],"stakeholders":["Households"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"mularczyk2022","title":"Intentions to Use Prosumer Photovoltaic Technology in Poland","authors":["Mularczyk, Anna","Zdonek, Iwona","Turek, Marian","Tokarski, Stanislaw"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en15176300","description":"The study examines which factors shape intentions to invest in prosumer photovoltaic technology and attitudes towards it among the Polish society.","epistemic_model":["Technology acceptance theory","Consumer behaviour"],"method":["Survey","Structural equation modeling"],"technology":["Prosumer solar PV"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Poland"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"musango2024","title":"A Generic Technology Assessment Framework for Sustainable Energy Transitions in African Contexts","authors":["Musango, Josephine Kaviti","Ouma-Mugabe, John"],"year":2024,"journal":"Technological Forecasting And Social Change","doi":"10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123441","description":"The study explores the state and forms of technology assessment and proposes an action-oriented energy technology assessment framework for just clean energy transitions in Africa.","epistemic_model":["Technology assessment","Sustainability transitions"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Africa"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"nadarajah2024","title":"A Three-Stage Psychosocial Engineering-Based Method to Support Controversy and Promote Mutual Understanding between Stakeholders: The Case of CO₂ Geological Storage","authors":["Nadarajah, Kevin","Brun, Laurent","Bordel, Stephanie","Ah-Tchine, Emeline","Dumesnil, Anissa","Mourato, Antoine Marques","Py, Jacques","Jammes, Laurent","De Sartre, Xavier Arnauld","Somat, Alain"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en17051014","description":"The article presents a combination of methods based on psychosocial engineering principles to structure debate among stakeholders and encourage openness in controversial subsurface engineering projects.","epistemic_model":["Psychosocial engineering","Participatory governance"],"method":[],"technology":["Subsurface engineering"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"nawaz2023","title":"Public Evaluations of Four Approaches to Ocean-Based Carbon Dioxide Removal","authors":["Nawaz, Sara","St-Laurent, Guillaume Peterson","Satterfield, Terre"],"year":2023,"journal":"Climate Policy","doi":"10.1080/14693062.2023.2179589","description":"The study explores how public views on four marine negative emission technologies relate to perceived climate severity and urgency and to beliefs about marine environments.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Risk perception research"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Coastal restoration","Ocean alkalinity enhancement","Ocean fertilization","Offshore direct air carbon capture and storage"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["British Columbia","Washington state"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"nawaz2024","title":"Towards Just, Responsible, and Socially Viable Carbon Removal: Lessons from Offshore DACCS Research for Early-Stage Carbon Removal Projects","authors":["Nawaz, Sara","Satterfield, Terre"],"year":2024,"journal":"Environmental Science & Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.envsci.2023.103633","description":"Reflects on social implications, justice and public values in early-stage research on offshore direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) to make carbon removal more just and aligned with societal priorities.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Just transitions"],"method":[],"technology":["Offshore direct air carbon capture and storage"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"nepal2021","title":"Green Technological Development and Deployment in the Association of Southeast Asian Economies (ASEAN)-at Crossroads or Roundabout?","authors":["Nepal, Rabindra","Phoumin, Han","Khatri, Abiral"],"year":2021,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su13020758","description":"The study formulates policy lessons for ASEAN economies and governments on facilitating the development and deployment of green energy technologies and alternative energy options, based on a case review of the region.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Energy transition studies"],"method":["Case study","Literature review"],"technology":["Carbon capture and storage","Hydrogen energy","Nuclear energy","Renewable energy sources"],"location_type":null,"geo":["ASEAN"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"neumann2021","title":"The Near-Optimal Feasible Space of a Renewable Power System Model","authors":["Neumann, Fabian","Brown, Tom"],"year":2021,"journal":"Electric Power Systems Research","doi":"10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106690","description":"The study explores near-optimal alternatives of a fully renewable European electricity system to understand which features persist across cost-efficient solutions, given that other properties such as social acceptance may favour them.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems modelling","Operations research"],"method":["Modelling","Modeling-to-generate-alternatives"],"technology":["Offshore wind","Onshore wind","Hydrogen storage","Transmission network"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["Europe"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"neves2025","title":"Citizens' Participation in Local Energy Communities: The Role of Technology as a Stimulus","authors":["Neves, Catarina","Oliveira, Tiago","Sarker, Saonee"],"year":2025,"journal":"European Journal Of Information Systems","doi":"10.1080/0960085X.2024.2302426","description":"The study explains the determinants of citizen participation in local energy communities by testing how technological factors as stimuli shape social outcomes in an S-O-R research model.","epistemic_model":["Stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) framework"],"method":["Mixed-methods design"],"technology":["Local energy communities"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Citizens"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"newell2024","title":"Landscapes of (in)Justice: Reflecting on Voices, Spaces and Alliances for Just Transitions","authors":["Newell, Peter","Price, Roz","Daley, Freddie"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2024.103701","description":"The paper examines how citizen engagement with just transitions to a low-carbon economy can be deepened by drawing on lessons from earlier engagement and justice struggles.","epistemic_model":["Just transitions","Deliberative democracy"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"nilson2022","title":"Are Big and Small Solar Separate Things?: The Importance of Scale in Public Support for Solar Energy Development in Upstate New York","authors":["Nilson, Roberta S.","Stedman, Richard C."],"year":2022,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2021.102449","description":"Explores public preferences and support for three scales of solar energy (utility-scale, community, rooftop) among residents of Upstate New York.","epistemic_model":["Environmental sociology","Public opinion research"],"method":["Survey","Interviews","Content analysis"],"technology":["Utility-scale solar","Community solar","Rooftop solar"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Upstate New York"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":"2020"},{"id":"nitsch2019","title":"Observation-Based Estimates of Land Availability for Wind Power: A Case Study for Czechia","authors":["Nitsch, Felix","Turkovska, Olga","Schmidt, Johannes"],"year":2019,"journal":"Energy Sustainability And Society","doi":"10.1186/s13705-019-0234-z","description":"The study estimates the land available for potential wind power expansion in Czechia using observed site characteristics of existing wind power installations in Austria and Denmark.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems analysis","Land use science"],"method":["Spatial analysis","Sensitivity analysis"],"technology":["Onshore wind"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Czechia","Austria","Denmark"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"nuortimo2018","title":"Opinion Mining Approach to Study Media-Image of Energy Production. Implications to Public Acceptance and Market Deployment","authors":["Nuortimo, Kalle","Harkonen, Janne"],"year":2018,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2018.07.018","description":"The study compares and analyses the media image of various power production technologies in editorial and social media, and how media image may relate to public acceptance and market deployment.","epistemic_model":["Media studies","Sentiment analysis"],"method":["Content analysis","Sentiment analysis"],"technology":["Power production technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"nytte2024c","title":"Public Support and Opposition toward Floating Offshore Wind Power Development in Norway","authors":["Nytte, Sharon","Alfnes, Frode","Korhonen-Sande, Silja"],"year":2024,"journal":"Electricity Journal","doi":"10.1016/j.tej.2023.107336","description":"The study investigates support and opposition among the general population in Norway toward floating offshore wind power development, focusing on policy-relevant project attributes.","epistemic_model":["Environmental economics","Energy policy"],"method":["Survey","Discrete choice experiment"],"technology":["Floating offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Norway"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"nytte2024d","title":"Social Acceptance of New Floating Offshore Wind Power: Do Attitudes towards Existing Offshore Industries Matter?","authors":["Nytte, Sharon","Navrud, Stale","Alfnes, Frode"],"year":2024,"journal":"Renewable Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.120855","description":"The study investigates whether Norwegians' attitudes towards existing offshore industries affect their acceptance, measured as willingness to pay, of new floating offshore wind.","epistemic_model":["Environmental economics","Social acceptance of energy technologies"],"method":["Discrete choice experiment","Survey"],"technology":["Floating offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Norway"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"oh2022","title":"Searching for New Human Behavior Model in Explaining Energy Transition: Exploring the Impact of Value and Perception Factors on Inconsistency of Attitude toward Policy Support and Intention to Pay for Energy Transition","authors":["Oh, Yoonjung","Kim, Seoyong","Kim, Sohee"],"year":2022,"journal":"International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health","doi":"10.3390/ijerph191811352","description":"Compares factors shaping the public's attitude toward policy support and intention to pay for the energy transition from nuclear to renewable energy, focusing on attitude-intention inconsistency.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Risk perception research"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Nuclear energy","Renewable energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"olvermann2024","title":"Energy System Changes in the Agricultural Sector: Testing a Value-Congruent Communication Approach to Foster Positive Attitudes","authors":["Olvermann, Madita","Kauffeld, Simone"],"year":2024,"journal":"Environmental Research Communications","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/ad219a","description":"The study examines public attitudes toward electrical field cultivation in agriculture and tests whether value-congruent benefit information enhances positive attitudes, to inform communication strategies for system changes in unfamiliar sectors.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Science and risk communication"],"method":["Survey","Path analysis"],"technology":["Electrical field cultivation"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"osorio2025","title":"Scenarios for Wind Capacity Deployment in Colombia by 2050: A Perspective from System Dynamics Modeling","authors":["Osorio, S.","Dyner, I.","Sanint, E. A.","Aristizabal, A. J."],"year":2025,"journal":"Renewable And Sustainable Energy Transition","doi":"10.1016/j.rset.2024.100096","description":"The study explores possible futures for wind capacity deployment in Colombia between 2020 and 2050 through four scenarios, considering political, economic, social acceptance, supply chain and transmission uncertainties.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems analysis","Scenario planning"],"method":["Modelling"],"technology":["Offshore wind","Coastal wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Colombia"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":"2020-2050"},{"id":"panori2022","title":"New Path Creation in Energy Transition: Exploring the Interplay between Resource Formation and Social Acceptance of Biomass Adoption in Europe","authors":["Panori, Anastasia","Kostopoulos, Ioannis","Karampinis, Emmanouil","Altsitsiadis, Alexandros"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2021.102400","description":"The study investigates the interaction between resource formation processes in new path creation (knowledge creation, market formation, investment mobilization, technology legitimation) and social acceptance of agrobiomass heating.","epistemic_model":["Evolutionary economic geography","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Agrobiomass heating"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"papadis2020a","title":"Challenges in the Decarbonization of the Energy Sector","authors":["Papadis, Elisa","Tsatsaronis, George"],"year":2020,"journal":"Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2020.118025","description":"The article critically reviews technologies, policies and solutions for reducing carbon emissions in the energy sector and identifies challenges to decarbonization.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Sustainability transitions"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"paquet2021","title":"Renewable Energy as a Catalyst for Equity? Integrating Inuit Interests with Nunavik Energy Planning","authors":["Paquet, Antoine","Cloutier, Genevieve","Blais, Myriam"],"year":2021,"journal":"Urban Planning","doi":"10.17645/up.v6i4.4453","description":"The article explores the potential of renewable energy technologies in Nunavik through the lens of procedural and substantive equity in the context of Inuit interests and integrated sustainability, asking whether these sources appeal to local residents.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Sustainability studies"],"method":["Informal discussions","Interviews","Literature analysis"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Nunavik"],"stakeholders":["Inuit residents","Energy transition stakeholders"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"parente2024","title":"Stakeholders' Perceptions of Hydrogen and Reflections on Energy Transition Governance","authors":["Parente, Cristina","Teixeira, Francisca","Cerdeira, Jorge"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy Sustainability And Society","doi":"10.1186/s13705-023-00429-w","description":"Examines stakeholders' perceptions of hydrogen production sources through a social construction of technology lens, addressing the gap in studies focused on hydrogen production.","epistemic_model":["Social construction of technology","Social representations theory"],"method":["Interviews","Survey"],"technology":["Hydrogen production"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Stakeholders","NGOs"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"pasqualetti2011a","title":"SOCIAL BARRIERS to RENEWABLE ENERGY LANDSCAPES*","authors":["Pasqualetti, Martin J."],"year":2011,"journal":"Geographical Review","doi":"10.1111/j.1931-0846.2011.00087.x","description":"The article examines the nature of public challenges to the development of geothermal, wind, and solar energy projects in the United States, Scotland, and Mexico.","epistemic_model":["Human geography","Social acceptance of renewable energy"],"method":["Case study"],"technology":["Geothermal energy","Onshore wind","Solar energy"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["United States","Scotland","Mexico"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"peacock2025","title":"How Stakeholders Legitimate `acceptable' National Energy Transitions through Spatial Imaginaries and Imagined Publics: A Swedish Case Study","authors":["Peacock, Adam","Devine-Wright, Patrick"],"year":2025,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2024.103854","description":"The study investigates how stakeholders draw on spatial imaginaries and imagined publics to legitimate acceptable pathways of low carbon energy technology deployment in Sweden, addressing gaps in social acceptance research.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of energy technologies","Critical human geography"],"method":["Interviews","Participatory GIS","Thematic analysis","Case study"],"technology":["Hydrogen","Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["Sweden"],"stakeholders":["Policymakers","Developers","Civil society organisations"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"perlaviciute2018","title":"Emotional Responses to Energy Projects: Insights for Responsible Decision Making in a Sustainable Energy Transition","authors":["Perlaviciute, Goda","Steg, Linda","Contzen, Nadja","Roeser, Sabine","Huijts, Nicole"],"year":2018,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su10072526","description":"The paper proposes a value-based theoretical framework explaining how people's core values and the perceived implications of energy projects shape emotional responses and public acceptability of sustainable energy projects.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Value-based approach"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"perros2024","title":"Stakeholder Perspectives on the Future of Clean Cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Role of Pay-as-You-Go LPG in Expanding Access","authors":["Perros, T.","Tomei, J.","Parikh, P."],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2024.103494","description":"Examines the state of the clean cooking market in sub-Saharan Africa and the role of pay-as-you-go LPG in scaling clean cooking adoption.","epistemic_model":["Energy transitions","Development studies"],"method":["Interviews"],"technology":["Pay-as-you-go LPG"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Sub-Saharan Africa"],"stakeholders":["Experts","Donors","Practitioners"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"petrova2016a","title":"From NIMBY to Acceptance: Toward a Novel Framework - VESPA - For Organizing and Interpreting Community Concerns","authors":["Petrova, Maria A."],"year":2016,"journal":"Renewable Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2015.09.047","description":"The study examines the factors that lead to community support and opposition to local wind energy installations, rejects NIMBY as an explanation, and proposes the VESPA framework for organizing community concerns.","epistemic_model":["Environmental sociology","Social acceptance of renewable energy"],"method":["Literature review","Survey"],"technology":["Wind energy turbines"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Massachusetts"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"picchi2019","title":"Advancing the Relationship between Renewable Energy and Ecosystem Services for Landscape Planning and Design: A Literature Review","authors":["Picchi, Paolo","van Lierop, Martina","Geneletti, Davide","Stremke, Sven"],"year":2019,"journal":"Ecosystem Services","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2018.12.010","description":"A literature review advancing knowledge on sustainable energy transition with a focus on ecosystem services-based approaches and methods for renewable energy landscapes.","epistemic_model":["Ecosystem services framework","Landscape planning and design"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"pike2020","title":"Precautionary Principle (PP) versus as Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP): Which One to Use and When","authors":["Pike, Howard","Khan, Faisal","Amyotte, Paul"],"year":2020,"journal":"Process Safety And Environmental Protection","doi":"10.1016/j.psep.2020.02.026","description":"The paper examines the Precautionary Principle and ALARP as policy and decision-making approaches to the relationship between risk, public perception and industrial development, and proposes a process for choosing between them.","epistemic_model":["Risk governance","Process safety engineering"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"pinilla-delacruz2024","title":"Eliciting the Anchor Link for Building Public-Private Collaboration in Sustainable Energy: Insights from the Finnish Context","authors":["Pinilla-De La Cruz, Giovanna Andrea","Rabetino, Rodrigo"],"year":2024,"journal":"Journal Of Cleaner Production","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143670","description":"The study examines the motivations and reluctance factors that prompt or limit public-private collaboration for the energy transition, and how socio-cultural context shapes individuals' perception of it.","epistemic_model":["Microfoundations in strategy and Organizational Theory","Sensemaking research","Social Exchange Theory"],"method":["Case study","Interviews"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Finland"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"plaga2024","title":"How Public Acceptance Affects Power System Development-A Cross-Country Analysis for Wind Power","authors":["Plaga, Leonie Sara","Lynch, Muireann","Curtis, John","Bertsch, Valentin"],"year":2024,"journal":"Applied Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122745","description":"The study examines how public acceptance constraints, parameterised from stated preference surveys, affect outcomes of a European power system investment and operation model.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems modelling","Environmental economics"],"method":["Survey","Modelling"],"technology":["Renewable energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Ireland","Germany"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"platje2022","title":"Socioeconomic Paradigms and the Perception of System Risks: A Study of Attitudes towards Nuclear Power among Polish Business Students","authors":["Platje, Johannes (Joost)","Will, Markus","Paradowska, Monika","van Dam, Ynte K."],"year":2022,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en15197313","description":"Examines the relationship between social paradigms, perceptions of environmental resources and sinks, and systemic risk perception in large-scale energy production (nuclear power plants) to support transition towards decentralized, resilient energy supply.","epistemic_model":["Environmental sociology","New ecological paradigm"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Nuclear power plants"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Poland"],"stakeholders":["Students"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"plazas-nino2025","title":"Uncovering the Applications, Developments, and Future Research Directions of the Open-Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS): A Systematic Literature Review","authors":["Plazas-Nino, Fernando","Tan, Naomi","Howells, Mark","Foster, Vivien","Quiros-Tortos, Jairo"],"year":2025,"journal":"Energy For Sustainable Development","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101629","description":"Systematic review of applications, developments and research trends of the open-source energy modelling system OSeMOSYS over the last 10 years.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems modelling","Energy planning"],"method":["Systematic review"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"psarra2024","title":"Zero Carbon, Some Nuisance: Exploring the Viewpoints of Heat Pump Owners and Their Neighbors in Groningen, Netherlands","authors":["Psarra, Ifigenia","Turhan, Ethemcan","Ghassemialiabadi, Fatemeh"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy Sources Part B-Economics Planning And Policy","doi":"10.1080/15567249.2024.2421924","description":"The study investigates how heat pump users and their neighbors in Groningen perceive heat pumps, considering societal, technological, economic, environmental and political aspects.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of energy technologies","Subjectivity studies"],"method":["Q-methodology"],"technology":["Heat pumps"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Groningen"],"stakeholders":["Heat pump users","Neighbors"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"pulselli2022","title":"Integrating Blue Energy in Maritime Spatial Planning of Mediterranean Regions","authors":["Pulselli, Riccardo Maria","Struglia, Maria Vittoria","Maccanti, Matteo","Bruno, Morena","Patrizi, Nicoletta","Neri, Elena","Carillo, Adriana","Napolitano, Ernesto","Stefanatos, Nikolaos","Perakis, Christoforos","Damasiotis, Markos","Di Pietrantonio, Federica","Magaudda, Stefano","Madalena, Venturo","Stancin, Hrvoje","Mikulcic, Hrvoje","Petrou, Vasilis","Smagas, Konstantinos","Valari, Eleni","Shakou, Louisa Marie","Bastianoni, Simone"],"year":2022,"journal":"Frontiers In Energy Research","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.939961","description":"The study develops a replicable Blue Energy planning framework for marine areas, integrating climate, environmental, landscape, marine-activity and social acceptance aspects, applied to three Mediterranean sites.","epistemic_model":["Spatial planning","Interdisciplinary energy transition studies"],"method":["Case study","Spatial analysis","Workshop","Modelling"],"technology":["Offshore floating wind","Wave energy converters","Blue energy"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Greece","Croatia","Cyprus"],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"raad2022","title":"Hydrogen Storage in Saline Aquifers: Opportunities and Challenges","authors":["Raad, Seyed Mostafa Jafari","Leonenko, Yuri","Hassanzadeh, Hassan"],"year":2022,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2022.112846","description":"Review of the potential and requirements of aquifers for large-scale geological hydrogen storage, covering site selection, subsurface transport, regulation and participation.","epistemic_model":["Geoscience","Energy systems engineering"],"method":[],"technology":["Aquifer hydrogen storage"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"radtke2025","title":"E-Participation in Energy Transitions: What Does It Mean? Chances and Challenges within Germany's Energiewende","authors":["Radtke, Joerg"],"year":2025,"journal":"Technological Forecasting And Social Change","doi":"10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123839","description":"The study examines whether e-participation generates more democratic legitimacy in the German Energiewende through input and procedural justice, better outputs and publicly accepted outcomes, evaluating e-participation technologies in a planned wind farm project.","epistemic_model":["Democratic legitimacy theory","Participatory governance"],"method":["Interviews","Survey"],"technology":["Wind farm"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["Institutional stakeholders","Citizens"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"ram2022","title":"Social Amplification of Risks and the Clean Energy Transformation: Elaborating on the Four Attributes of Information","authors":["Ram, Bonnie","Webler, Thomas"],"year":2022,"journal":"Risk Analysis","doi":"10.1111/risa.13902","description":"The study examines how amplification stations use attributes of information to amplify or attenuate risk signals in the social amplification of risk framework, applied to offshore wind turbine siting.","epistemic_model":["Social amplification of risk framework","Risk governance"],"method":["Case study","Literature review"],"technology":["Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Maryland","Delaware"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"ransan-cooper2020","title":"Frustration, Confusion and Excitement: Mixed Emotional Responses to New Household Solar-Battery Systems in Australia","authors":["Ransan-Cooper, Hedda","Lovell, Heather","Watson, Phillipa","Harwood, Andrew","Hann, Veryan"],"year":2020,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2020.101656","description":"The study explores householders' emotional responses to a smart renewable battery storage system trialed on Bruny Island, using affordances theory to understand trade-offs in smart energy technology adoption.","epistemic_model":["Relational-materialist affordances theory","Sociology of emotions and affect"],"method":["Case study"],"technology":["Smart renewable battery storage"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Bruny Island"],"stakeholders":["Households"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"reinsberger2015","title":"The Role of Photovoltaics in Energy Transition - Assessing the Prospects for a Regime Shift","authors":["Reinsberger, Kathrin","Brudermann, Thomas","Posch, Alfred"],"year":2015,"journal":"Gaia-Ecological Perspectives For Science And Society","doi":"10.14512/gaia.24.1.9","description":"The study discusses prospects and challenges of photovoltaics in Austria in moving from a niche to a regime level change in energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Strategic management"],"method":["SWOT analysis","Analytic hierarchy process","Expert judgement"],"technology":["Photovoltaics"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Austria"],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"renoth2023","title":"Social Acceptance of Geothermal Technology on a Global View: A Systematic Review","authors":["Renoth, Robin","Buchner, Elmar","Schmieder, Martin","Keim, Maximilian","Plechaty, Manfred","Drews, Michael"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy Sustainability And Society","doi":"10.1186/s13705-023-00432-1","description":"Systematic review of research since 2011 on community acceptance, as a dimension of social acceptance, of geothermal technology, grouping the acceptance factors studied.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of energy technologies","Community acceptance"],"method":["Systematic review"],"technology":["Geothermal energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":"2011-2023"},{"id":"rinaldi2022","title":"What Adds More Flexibility? An Energy System Analysis of Storage, Demand-Side Response, Heating Electrification, and Distribution Reinforcement","authors":["Rinaldi, Arthur","Yilmaz, Selin","Patel, Martin K.","Parra, David"],"year":2022,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2022.112696","description":"Compares flexibility options supporting renewable energy integration in Switzerland's electricity and residential heating supply using an open-source sector coupling energy system model.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems analysis","Techno-economic modelling"],"method":["Modelling"],"technology":["Electricity storage","Heat pumps","Demand-side response","Electric boilers","Distribution grid expansion","Building retrofitting","Solar PV"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Switzerland"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"rizzo2017","title":"Managing the Energy Transition in a Tourism-Driven Economy: The Case of Malta","authors":["Rizzo, Agatino"],"year":2017,"journal":"Sustainable Cities And Society","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2016.12.005","description":"The paper assesses Malta's government capacity to manage environmental and social conflicts arising from implementing its photovoltaic-based renewable energy agenda to meet EU 2020 targets.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Environmental governance"],"method":["Interviews","Document analysis"],"technology":["Solar PV"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Malta"],"stakeholders":["Institutional stakeholders"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"roberts2021","title":"Psychological Factors Influencing Technology Adoption: A Case Study from the Oil and Gas Industry","authors":["Roberts, Ruby","Flin, Rhona","Millar, David","Corradi, Luca"],"year":2021,"journal":"Technovation","doi":"10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102219","description":"The study examines psychological factors influencing organisational technology adoption decision making among corporate decision makers in the UK offshore oil and gas sector.","epistemic_model":["Organisational psychology","Technology adoption"],"method":["Case study","Interviews"],"technology":[],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["United Kingdom"],"stakeholders":["Corporate decision makers","Technology developers"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"roberts2021a","title":"What Use Is Technology If No One Uses It? The Psychological Factors That Influence Technology Adoption Decisions in Oil and Gas","authors":["Roberts, Ruby","Millar, David","Corradi, Luca","Flin, Rhona"],"year":2021,"journal":"Technology, Mind, And Behavior","doi":"10.1037/tmb0000027","description":"The study examines the psychological factors that influence corporate decision-makers in the offshore oil and gas industry when adopting new technology.","epistemic_model":["Psychological Technology Adoption Framework","Organizational psychology"],"method":["Interviews","Thematic analysis"],"technology":[],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":["Corporate decision-makers","Innovation technology stakeholders"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"robison2023","title":"Shifts in the Smart Research Agenda? 100 Priority Questions to Accelerate Sustainable Energy Futures","authors":["Robison, Rosie","Skjolsvold, Tomas Moe","Hargreaves, Tom","Renstrom, Sara","Wolsink, Maarten","Judson, Emily","Pechancova, Viera","Demirbag-Kaplanij, Melike","March, Hug","Lehnel, Johanna","Foulds, Chris","Bharucha, Zareen","Bilous, Liliia","Buescher, Christian","Carrus, Giuseppe","Darby, Sarah","Douzou, Sylvie","Drevensek, Mojca","Frantal, Bohumil","Pereira, Angela Guimaraes","Karvonen, Andrew","Katzeff, Cecilia","Kola-Bezka, Maria","Laakso, Senja","Lettmayer, Gudrun","Parag, Yael","Safian, Fanni","Swora, Mariusz","Tjorring, Lise","van der Werff, Ellen","van Vliet, Bas","Wallenborn, Gregoire","Wyckmans, Annemie"],"year":2023,"journal":"Journal Of Cleaner Production","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137946","description":"The study analyses a forward-looking SSH-driven research agenda for smart consumption in European energy transitions, identifying key shifts relative to earlier technical agendas.","epistemic_model":["Social sciences and humanities energy research","Interdisciplinary energy studies"],"method":["Delphi method"],"technology":["Smart consumption"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Europe"],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"rocha-meneses2023","title":"An Overview of the Socio-Economic, Technological, and Environmental Opportunities and Challenges for Renewable Energy Generation from Residual Biomass: A Case Study of Biogas Production in Colombia","authors":["Rocha-Meneses, Lisandra","Luna-delRisco, Mario","Gonzalez, Carlos Arrieta","Moncada, Sebastian Villegas","Moreno, Andres","Sierra-Del Rio, Jorge","Castillo-Meza, Luis E."],"year":2023,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en16165901","description":"Overview of the challenges and opportunities of biogas production in Colombia, with recommendations to promote its sustainable implementation and widespread adoption.","epistemic_model":["Energy transition studies","Sustainability science"],"method":[],"technology":["Biogas"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Colombia"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"rohe2021","title":"A Spatial Perspective on the Legitimacy of a Technological Innovation System: Regional Differences in Onshore Wind Energy","authors":["Rohe, Sebastian","Chlebna, Camilla"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112193","description":"The study compares dimensions of legitimacy of onshore wind energy within the Technological Innovation Systems framework across two heterogeneous German regions, focusing on decision makers' perceptions.","epistemic_model":["Technological Innovation Systems","Organization studies","Economic geography"],"method":["Survey","Interviews"],"technology":["Onshore wind"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["Policymakers","Local authorities"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"rojas-pena2024a","title":"Social Acceptance of Renewable Energies: A Meta-Analytic Review of 40 Years of Related Literature","authors":["Rojas-Pena, D.","Quintana-Rojo, C.","Tarancon, M. A.","Ruiz-Fuensanta, M. J."],"year":2024,"journal":"Environment Development And Sustainability","doi":"10.1007/s10668-024-05446-z","description":"Maps the scientific literature on social acceptance of renewable energies indexed in Scopus over forty years to determine its nature, themes, trends and methodologies.","epistemic_model":["Bibliometrics","Social acceptance research"],"method":["Systematised scoping review","Bibliometric analysis"],"technology":["Renewable energies"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":"1984-2024"},{"id":"romanov2021","title":"District Heating Systems Modeling: A Gamification Approach","authors":["Romanov, Dmitry","Holler, Stefan"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energy Reports","doi":"10.1016/j.egyr.2021.08.078","description":"The study introduces a serious game about district heating and its transformation from fossil-based to renewable-based supply, aiming to build public awareness, understanding and acceptance of the technology.","epistemic_model":["Serious games and gamification in education","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Literature review","Modelling"],"technology":["District heating"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"romdhane2022","title":"Screening, Monitoring, and Remediation of Legacy Wells to Improve Reservoir Integrity for Large-Scale CO₂ Storage-an Example from the Smeaheia Structure in the Northern North Sea","authors":["Romdhane, A.","Emmel, B.","Zonetti, S.","Dupuy, B.","Gawel, K.","Edvardsen, L.","Bhuiyan, M. H."],"year":2022,"journal":"Frontiers In Energy Research","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.826100","description":"The paper presents a workflow for screening, monitoring and remediating legacy wells to support offshore large-scale CO2 storage in the North Sea, focusing on well integrity.","epistemic_model":["Reservoir engineering","Geophysics"],"method":["Modelling"],"technology":["Offshore CO2 storage","Carbon capture and storage"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Norwegian Continental Shelf"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"roux2022","title":"``We Could Have Been Leaders'': The Rise and Fall of Offshore Wind Energy on the Political Agenda in Ireland","authors":["Roux, Jean-Pierre","Fitch-Roy, Oscar","Devine-Wright, Patrick","Ellis, Geraint"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2022.102762","description":"Case study of the Republic of Ireland explaining why decades of political ambition to support offshore wind energy have not translated into commercial deployment.","epistemic_model":["Multiple Streams Framework","Policy studies"],"method":["Case study","Interviews","Documentary analysis"],"technology":["Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Republic of Ireland"],"stakeholders":["Policymakers","Experts"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"roy2023","title":"Prospects of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage for Mitigating Climate Change","authors":["Roy, Poritosh","Mohanty, Amar K.","Misra, Manjusri"],"year":2023,"journal":"Environmental Science-Advances","doi":"10.1039/d2va00236a","description":"Review compiling GHG emission reduction initiatives, including CCS and CCU, their technological advances, and their economic, environmental and societal implications, including public acceptance.","epistemic_model":["Environmental policy","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Carbon capture and storage","Carbon capture and utilization"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"rubino2023","title":"Policy Considerations for Marine Aquaculture in the United States","authors":["Rubino, Michael C."],"year":2023,"journal":"Reviews In Fisheries Science & Aquaculture","doi":"10.1080/23308249.2022.2083452","description":"The paper reviews policy drivers and three policy goals (public understanding and acceptance, permitting efficiency, economic incentives) that could expand U.S. marine aquaculture.","epistemic_model":["Public policy analysis","Marine resource governance"],"method":[],"technology":["Marine aquaculture"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["United States"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"ruddat2019","title":"From Protest to Support-Empirical Analysis of Local Acceptance of Energy Technologies in the Context of the German Energy Transition","authors":["Ruddat, Michael","Sonnberger, Marco"],"year":2019,"journal":"Kolner Zeitschrift Fur Soziologie Und Sozialpsychologie","doi":"10.1007/s11577-019-00628-4","description":"Empirical analysis of local acceptance of wind farms, solar farms and high-tension power lines in the German energy transition, using a multidimensional typology of acceptance.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance research","Typology of acceptance (Schweizer-Ries et al.)"],"method":["Survey","Correspondence analysis"],"technology":["Wind farms","Solar farms","High-tension power lines"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":"2015"},{"id":"sadat-razavi2025","title":"German Media Discourses and Public Perceptions on Hydrogen Imports: An Energy Justice Perspective","authors":["Sadat-Razavi, Pantea","Karakislak, Irmak","Hildebrand, Jan"],"year":2025,"journal":"Energy Technology","doi":"10.1002/ente.202301000","description":"Examines public discourse and perceptions of hydrogen imports to Germany through the energy justice framework and the Sustainable Development Goals, using media analysis and a representative survey.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Sustainable Development Goals framework"],"method":["Content analysis","Survey"],"technology":["Hydrogen imports","Power-to-X"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["General public","Media"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"saito2019","title":"Those Who Care about CCS-Results from a Japanese Survey on Public Understanding of CCS-","authors":["Saito, Aya","Itaoka, Kenshi","Akai, Makoto"],"year":2019,"journal":"International Journal Of Greenhouse Gas Control","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2019.02.014","description":"Assesses the Japanese general public's awareness of and opinion on Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and analyzes attributes of groups holding different opinions.","epistemic_model":["Risk communication","Public perception research"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Japan"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":"2015"},{"id":"sajith2025","title":"Challenges and Opportunities for Offshore Wind Energy from Global to Indian Context: Directing Future Research","authors":["Sajith, Shambhu","Aswani, R. S.","Bhatt, Mohammad Younus","Kumar, Anil"],"year":2025,"journal":"International Journal Of Energy Sector Management","doi":"10.1108/IJESM-11-2021-0020","description":"The study identifies the challenges facing offshore wind energy development globally and portrays them in the Indian context.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Techno-economic analysis"],"method":["Systematic review","Content analysis"],"technology":["Offshore wind energy"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["India"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"salak2022","title":"Impact on the Perceived Landscape Quality through Renewable Energy Infrastructure. A Discrete Choice Experiment in the Context of the Swiss Energy Transition","authors":["Salak, B.","Kienast, F.","Olschewski, R.","Spielhofer, R.","Hayek, U. Wissen","Gret-Regamey, A.","Hunziker, M."],"year":2022,"journal":"Renewable Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2022.04.154","description":"Examines how mixes of wind, photovoltaic and power line renewable energy infrastructure affect people's preferences for different landscape types in Switzerland.","epistemic_model":["Landscape preference research","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Survey","Discrete choice experiment","Hierarchical Bayes analysis","Choice simulation"],"technology":["Wind","Solar PV","Power lines"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Switzerland"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"samso2023","title":"Examining the Potential of Marine Renewable Energy: A Net Energy Perspective","authors":["Samso, Roger","Crespin, Julia","Garcia-Olivares, Antonio","Sole, Jordi"],"year":2023,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su15108050","description":"Literature review estimating the global gross, technical, economic and sustainable potentials and EROI of marine renewable energy sources to derive their net energy potential.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems analysis","Net energy analysis"],"method":["Literature review","Modelling"],"technology":["Tidal energy","Ocean currents","Wave energy","Offshore wind","Salinity gradient energy","Ocean thermal energy"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"sangiuliano2017","title":"Turning of the Tides: Assessing the International Implementation of Tidal Current Turbines","authors":["Sangiuliano, Stephen Joseph"],"year":2017,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.045","description":"The paper examines the physics, technology, environmental impacts, economic barriers and marine spatial planning of tidal current turbines and assesses their implementation potential in Canada, China and Norway.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems engineering","Marine spatial planning"],"method":["Literature review","Modelling"],"technology":["Tidal current turbines"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Canada","China","Norway"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"santarromana2025","title":"Multicriteria Models Provide Enhanced Insight for Siting US Offshore Wind","authors":["Santarromana, Rudolph","Abdulla, Ahmed","Morgan, M. Granger","Mendonca, Joana"],"year":2025,"journal":"Pnas Nexus","doi":"10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf051","description":"The study uses a multi-criteria model to assess all potential offshore wind sites in continental US federal waters, contrasting developer and other stakeholder perspectives to inform deployment.","epistemic_model":["Multi-criteria decision analysis","Energy systems analysis"],"method":["Modelling","Spatial analysis"],"technology":["Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["United States"],"stakeholders":["Developers","Policymakers","Experts"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"schinko2019","title":"Morocco's Sustainable Energy Transition and the Role of Financing Costs: A Participatory Electricity System Modeling Approach","authors":["Schinko, Thomas","Bohm, Soenke","Komendantova, Nadejda","Jamea, El Mostafa","Blohm, Marina"],"year":2019,"journal":"Energy Sustainability And Society","doi":"10.1186/s13705-018-0186-8","description":"Assesses the techno-economic feasibility of different electricity generation portfolios for Morocco, and how de-risking renewable electricity investments and low-cost financing affect system costs, using stakeholder co-developed scenarios.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems analysis","Energy economics","Participatory scenario planning"],"method":["Workshop","Modelling"],"technology":["Renewable energy sources for electricity generation (RES-E)"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Morocco"],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":"Meso","period":"2050"},{"id":"schlachtberger2018","title":"Cost Optimal Scenarios of a Future Highly Renewable European Electricity System: Exploring the Influence of Weather Data, Cost Parameters and Policy Constraints","authors":["Schlachtberger, D. P.","Brown, T.","Schaefer, M.","Schramm, S.","Greiner, M."],"year":2018,"journal":"Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.070","description":"The study examines how input weather data, cost assumptions and system constraints influence cost-optimal scenarios of a highly renewable European electricity system.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems modelling","Techno-economic optimisation"],"method":["Modelling"],"technology":["Wind","Solar","Hydroelectricity","Natural gas power generation","Transmission","Energy storage"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["Europe"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"schmid2012","title":"Ambitious Mitigation Scenarios for Germany: A Participatory Approach","authors":["Schmid, Eva","Knopf, Brigitte"],"year":2012,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2012.09.007","description":"The study addresses how to engage civil society stakeholders in developing ambitious, model-based mitigation scenarios for Germany, attaching normative considerations to technology-focused mitigation options.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Energy systems analysis"],"method":["Modelling","Workshop"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["Civil society organisations"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"schmidt2017a","title":"Quality in Risk Reporting on Energy Issues in German News Media","authors":["Schmidt, Adriane","Thuss, Sebastian","Meyer, Thomas"],"year":2017,"journal":"Journal Of Risk Research","doi":"10.1080/13669877.2016.1165280","description":"The study explores the quality of energy-related risk reporting in German print and TV media discourse on energy options and topics in the context of the Energiewende.","epistemic_model":["Risk communication","Media studies"],"method":["Content analysis"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":"2013"},{"id":"schneider2023","title":"Drawing Transformation Pathways for Making Use of Joint Effects of Food and Energy Production with Biodiversity Agriphotovoltaics and Electrified Agricultural Machinery","authors":["Schneider, Anne-Kathrin","Klabunde, Felix","Buck, Lennart","Ohlhoff, Maren","Reis, Larissa","Olvermann, Madita","Kauffeld, Simone","Engel, Bernd","Glatzel, Gerhard","Schroeder, Boris","Frerichs, Ludger"],"year":2023,"journal":"Journal Of Environmental Management","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117539","description":"Interdisciplinary study of the opportunities and limits of synergies between food production, energy production, biodiversity protection and social acceptance, through biodiversity agriphotovoltaics in Lower Saxony.","epistemic_model":["Sustainability science","Interdisciplinary energy systems research"],"method":["Spatial analysis","Modelling","Survey"],"technology":["Agriphotovoltaics","Biodiversity agriphotovoltaics","Battery storage"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Lower Saxony"],"stakeholders":["Farmers"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"schnuelle2019","title":"Socio-Technical-Economic Assessment of Power-to-X: Potentials and Limitations for an Integration into the German Energy System","authors":["Schnuelle, Christian","Thoeming, Jorg","Wassermann, Timo","Thier, Pablo","von Gleich, Arnim","Goessling-Reisemann, Stefan"],"year":2019,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2019.01.017","description":"The study examines technical, monetary, societal and resource-related scale-up limitations of Power-to-X technologies for a large-scale implementation in the German energy system.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems analysis","Techno-economic assessment"],"method":["Modelling"],"technology":["Power-to-X"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":"2050"},{"id":"schoenauer2022","title":"Hydrogen in Future Energy Systems: Social Acceptance of the Technology and Its Large-Scale Infrastructure","authors":["Schoenauer, Anna-Lena","Glanz, Sabrina"],"year":2022,"journal":"International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.05.160","description":"The study analyses the gap between general acceptance of hydrogen technology and acceptance of large-scale hydrogen infrastructure implementation, focusing on new pipeline infrastructure.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of energy technologies","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Hydrogen infrastructure","Hydrogen pipelines"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"schriever2018","title":"Exploring the Adoption in Transitioning Markets: Empirical Findings and Implications on Energy Storage Solutions-Acceptance in the German Manufacturing Industry","authors":["Schriever, Marlene","Halstrup, Dominik"],"year":2018,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2018.03.029","description":"The study examines the acceptance of electric Energy Storage Solutions among the German manufacturing industry, addressing the neglected organizational perspective.","epistemic_model":["Technology acceptance research","Energy transition studies"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Electric energy storage solutions"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["Manufacturing companies"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"schubert2015","title":"Does Political and Social Feasibility Matter in Energy Scenarios?","authors":["Schubert, Daniel Kurt Josef","Thuss, Sebastian","Moest, Dominik"],"year":2015,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2015.03.003","description":"The paper presents an analytic framework for energy scenario methodology that accounts for transparency, social acceptance and political feasibility, focusing on the German energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems analysis","Political science"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"schumacher2019","title":"Public Acceptance of Renewable Energies and Energy Autonomy: A Comparative Study in the French, German and Swiss Upper Rhine Region","authors":["Schumacher, K.","Krones, F.","McKenna, R.","Schultmann, F."],"year":2019,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2018.11.032","description":"The study examines public acceptance of a set of renewable energy technologies across the three sub-regions of the Upper Rhine region, testing hypotheses from the acceptance literature and exploring links with community energy and energy autonomy.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of renewable energy","Energy social science"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Upper Rhine region"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"schupp2021","title":"Dissecting the Offshore Wind and Mariculture Multi-Use Discourse: A New Approach Using Targeted SWOT Analysis","authors":["Schupp, Maximilian Felix","Krause, Gesche","Onyango, Vincent","Buck, Bela H."],"year":2021,"journal":"Maritime Studies","doi":"10.1007/s40152-021-00218-1","description":"The study dissects the discourse on multi-use of offshore wind farms and mariculture using a stakeholder-knowledge-based SWOT analysis to derive recommendations.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Marine spatial planning"],"method":["SWOT analysis"],"technology":["Offshore wind farms","Mariculture"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"scotti2017","title":"Performative Connections: Translating Sustainable Energy Transition by Local Communities","authors":["Scotti, Ivano","Minervini, Dario"],"year":2017,"journal":"Innovation-The European Journal Of Social Science Research","doi":"10.1080/13511610.2016.1237282","description":"Case study of how national sustainable energy policies are translated into local practice through performative connections in the mountain municipality of Sasso di Castalda, investigating how ecological modernization is fostered in disadvantaged contexts.","epistemic_model":["Sociology of translation","Ecological modernization"],"method":["Case study"],"technology":["Small and medium-sized renewable energy plants"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Sasso di Castalda"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"scovell2024","title":"Local Acceptance of Solar Farms: The Impact of Energy Narratives","authors":["Scovell, Mitchell","McCrea, Rod","Walton, Andrea","Poruschi, Lavinia"],"year":2024,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2023.114029","description":"The study examines how support for energy transition narratives and other social licence factors influence local acceptance of large-scale solar farms.","epistemic_model":["Social licence to operate","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Survey","Network modelling"],"technology":["Large-scale solar farms"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Australia"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"segura2018","title":"A Strategic Analysis of Tidal Current Energy Conversion Systems in the European Union","authors":["Segura, E.","Morales, R.","Somolinos, J. A."],"year":2018,"journal":"Applied Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.12.045","description":"Review of the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal aspects affecting the marketability of tidal (ocean current) energy technologies, aiming to fill the gap left by engineering-focused reviews.","epistemic_model":["PESTEL analysis","Strategic analysis"],"method":["Literature review","PESTEL analysis"],"technology":["Tidal energy"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"senkpiel2020","title":"Integrating Methods and Empirical Findings from Social and Behavioural Sciences into Energy System Models-Motivation and Possible Approaches","authors":["Senkpiel, Charlotte","Dobbins, Audrey","Kockel, Christina","Steinbach, Jan","Fahl, Ulrich","Wille, Farina","Globisch, Joachim","Wassermann, Sandra","Droste-Franke, Bert","Hauser, Wolfgang","Hofer, Claudia","Nolting, Lars","Bernath, Christiane"],"year":2020,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en13184951","description":"The article explains which social science aspects (investment behaviour, user behaviour, local acceptance, technology innovation, socio-political acceptance) should be integrated into energy system models and how, to better represent the energy transformation.","epistemic_model":["Interdisciplinary energy systems research","Social sciences"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"seymour2025","title":"Feeling the Heat: Understanding Stakeholders' Perceptions of Residential-Sector Heating Decarbonisation Options in the UK","authors":["Seymour, V.","Cardenas, B.","Urquhart, A.","Pottie, D. L.","Day, J.","de Oliveira Junior, M. M.","Barbour, E.","Wilson, G.","Garvey, S.","Jones, C. R."],"year":2025,"journal":"Technology In Society","doi":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.102849","description":"The study examines UK residential heating stakeholders' perceptions of policies, factors shaping public acceptance of hydrogen boilers and heat pumps, and repurposing the gas pipeline network for heat decarbonisation.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of energy technologies","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Interviews"],"technology":["Hydrogen boilers","Heat pumps"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["United Kingdom"],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"shahid2022","title":"Rooftop Solar Adoption among Populations and Markets Outside the US and Europe-A Case from Pakistan","authors":["Shahid, Iftikhar A.","Ullah, Kafait","Miller, Clark A.","Dawood, Muhammad","Ahmed, Muhammad Imran"],"year":2022,"journal":"Electricity Journal","doi":"10.1016/j.tej.2022.107090","description":"The study explores the linkage between consumers' willingness to install rooftop solar systems and their awareness of solar PV technology, cost and government policies in Pakistan.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Technology adoption"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Rooftop solar PV"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Pakistan"],"stakeholders":["Consumers"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"shamon2019","title":"Changing Attitudes and Conflicting Arguments: Reviewing Stakeholder Communication on Electricity Technologies in Germany","authors":["Shamon, Hawal","Schumann, Diana","Fischer, Wolfgang","Voegele, Stefan","Heinrichs, Heidi U.","Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm"],"year":2019,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2019.04.012","description":"The study assesses how pro and counter arguments about different electricity generation technologies shape public attitudes in Germany, including how arguments are evaluated and whether attitudes polarize.","epistemic_model":["Social psychology","Attitude change theory"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Coal power stations","Gas power stations","Onshore wind","Offshore wind","Open space photovoltaics","Biomass power plants"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"shemesh2024","title":"Sharing a Car with Your Next-Door Neighbor: Motivations and Barriers to Adoption of Low-Carbon Mobility in Israel","authors":["Shemesh, Aviva","Parag, Yael"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2024.103586","description":"The study explores public perception and acceptance of shared car services in multi-unit residential buildings in Israel, including motivations and barriers to adoption and a link to rooftop PV installation.","epistemic_model":["Product Service System approach","Transport and mobility studies"],"method":["Focus groups","Product Service System analysis"],"technology":["Shared electric vehicle services","Rooftop photovoltaic"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Israel"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"shen2024","title":"National Goal, Local Resistance: How Institutional Gaps Hinder Local Renewable Energy Development in Taiwan","authors":["Shen, Chia-Ling","Tai, Hsing-Sheng"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy For Sustainable Development","doi":"10.1016/j.esd.2024.101586","description":"The study investigates institutional gaps and the dynamics of local resistance that hinder implementation of Taiwan's national renewable energy policy targets for solar farms, through a multi-level governance lens.","epistemic_model":["Multi-level governance","Energy governance"],"method":["Case study"],"technology":["Ground-mounted solar power"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Taiwan"],"stakeholders":["Local governments","Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"shobeiri2024","title":"A Strategic Framework for Net-Zero Transitions: Integrating Fuzzy Logic and the DICE Model for Optimizing Ontario's Energy Future","authors":["Shobeiri, Elaheh","Genco, Filippo","Hoornweg, Daniel","Tokuhiro, Akira"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en17246445","description":"The study presents a modified DICE model with fuzzy logic to support Ontario's energy transition by replacing fossil fuel power plants with SMRs, solar, wind and hydro.","epistemic_model":["Integrated assessment modelling","Energy transition planning"],"method":["Modelling","Case study","Fuzzy logic optimization"],"technology":["Small Modular Reactors","Solar","Wind","Hydro"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Ontario"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"siksnelyte-butkiene2023","title":"Energy-Space Concept for the Transition to a Low-Carbon Energy Society","authors":["Siksnelyte-Butkiene, Indre","Streimikiene, Dalia","Agnusdei, Giulio Paolo","Balezentis, Tomas"],"year":2023,"journal":"Environment Development And Sustainability","doi":"10.1007/s10668-022-02697-6","description":"Systematic review of studies on energy-scape elements to build a framework for analysing and assessing the installation of new renewable energy technologies and infrastructure in urban and regional settings.","epistemic_model":["Landscape studies","Energy transition studies"],"method":["Systematic review"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"siksnelyte-butkiene2023a","title":"Enablers and Barriers for Energy Prosumption: Conceptual Review and an Integrated Analysis of Business Models","authors":["Siksnelyte-Butkiene, Indre","Streimikiene, Dalia","Balezentis, Tomas","Volkov, Artiom"],"year":2023,"journal":"Sustainable Energy Technologies And Assessments","doi":"10.1016/j.seta.2023.103163","description":"The paper systematically analyzes new business models for energy prosumption and their SWOT from the prosumers' perspective, identifying enablers, barriers and policy directions for prosumerism.","epistemic_model":["Energy transition studies","Business model analysis"],"method":["Systematic review","SWOT analysis"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"sirnik2024","title":"Agrivoltaics and Landscape Change: First Evidence from Built Cases in the Netherlands","authors":["Sirnik, Igor","Oudes, Dirk","Stremke, Sven"],"year":2024,"journal":"Land Use Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107099","description":"Examines landscape changes brought by agrivoltaic installations in the Netherlands, addressing a knowledge gap relevant to the social acceptance of solar power.","epistemic_model":["Landscape studies","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Case study","Literature review","Fieldwork"],"technology":["Agrivoltaics"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Netherlands"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"slednev2018","title":"Highly Resolved Optimal Renewable Allocation Planning in Power Systems under Consideration of Dynamic Grid Topology","authors":["Slednev, Viktor","Bertsch, Valentin","Ruppert, Manuel","Fichtner, Wolf"],"year":2018,"journal":"Computers & Operations Research","doi":"10.1016/j.cor.2017.12.008","description":"The study develops a power system model that treats the assignment of decentralised renewable electricity (RES-E) potentials to grid nodes as variable, to assess where and which RES-E capacities are likely to be expanded, demonstrated for the Republic of Ireland.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems modelling","Power system planning"],"method":["Modelling","Case study"],"technology":["Wind onshore","Wind offshore","Bioenergy","Solar PV","Rooftop solar PV"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["Republic of Ireland"],"stakeholders":["Policymakers"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"smith2025a","title":"Public Perceptions of Heat Decarbonisation in Great Britain: Awareness, Values and the Social Circle Effect","authors":["Smith, William","Demski, Christina","Pidgeon, Nicholas"],"year":2025,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2024.103844","description":"Investigates public attitudes towards decarbonised domestic heating technologies (heat pumps, hydrogen heating, district heating) in Great Britain, including factors underlying willingness to adopt.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Social acceptance of energy technologies"],"method":["Survey","Network modelling"],"technology":["Heat pumps","Hydrogen heating","District heating networks"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Great Britain"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"solman2021","title":"Co-Production in the Wind Energy Sector: A Systematic Literature Review of Public Engagement beyond Invited Stakeholder Participation","authors":["Solman, Helena","Smits, Mattijs","van Vliet, Bas","Bush, Simon"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2020.101876","description":"Systematic review of the academic literature to identify and characterize modes of co-production in public engagement with wind energy.","epistemic_model":["Co-production","Public engagement studies"],"method":["Systematic review"],"technology":["Wind energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":"2009-2019"},{"id":"soma2015","title":"Enhancing Social Acceptance in Marine Governance in Europe","authors":["Soma, Katrine","Haggett, Claire"],"year":2015,"journal":"Ocean & Coastal Management","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.11.001","description":"The article addresses social acceptance in marine governance, articulating it as a goal in marine policy implementation in European waters and illustrating its implications for offshore wind.","epistemic_model":["Marine governance","Social acceptance of renewable energy"],"method":["Case study"],"technology":["Offshore wind","Wave energy","Tidal energy"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Europe"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"soma2019a","title":"Assessing Social Innovation across Offshore Sectors in the Dutch North Sea","authors":["Soma, Katrine","van den Burg, Sander W. K.","Selnes, Trond","van der Heide, C. Martijn"],"year":2019,"journal":"Ocean & Coastal Management","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.10.003","description":"The study explores social innovation in maritime spatial planning by assessing offshore wind energy, offshore mussel cultivation and offshore seaweed farming in the Dutch North Sea.","epistemic_model":["Social innovation theory","Maritime spatial planning"],"method":[],"technology":["Offshore wind energy"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Dutch North Sea"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"sonnberger2018","title":"Disclosing Citizens' Perceptual Patterns of the Transition to Renewable Energy in Germany","authors":["Sonnberger, Marco","Ruddat, Michael"],"year":2018,"journal":"Nature + Culture","doi":"10.3167/nc.2018.130204","description":"The article explores citizens' perceptual patterns underlying the public's view of the German energy transition by reducing the complexity of those views to their main dimensions.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance research","Risk perception research"],"method":["Survey","Categorical principal component analysis"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["Citizens"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"sovacool2023","title":"Reviewing the Sociotechnical Dynamics of Carbon Removal","authors":["Sovacool, Benjamin K.","Baum, Chad M.","Low, Sean"],"year":2023,"journal":"Joule","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2022.11.008","description":"Review of the sociotechnical dynamics of carbon removal options and net-zero energy technologies, covering modeling, social acceptance, innovation and scaling, and policy and governance.","epistemic_model":["Sociotechnical systems approach","Energy justice"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Afforestation and reforestation","Soil carbon sequestration","Marine biomass and blue carbon","Direct air capture with carbon storage","Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage","Enhanced weathering","Biochar"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"spada2021","title":"Comparative Accident Risk Assessment with Focus on Deep Geothermal Energy Systems in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Countries","authors":["Spada, Matteo","Sutra, Emilie","Burgherr, Peter"],"year":2021,"journal":"Geothermics","doi":"10.1016/j.geothermics.2021.102142","description":"Comparative accident risk assessment of deep geothermal energy systems in OECD countries, characterizing and quantifying their technological risks beyond induced seismicity and social acceptance.","epistemic_model":["Risk assessment","Energy systems analysis"],"method":["Modelling","Comparative risk assessment"],"technology":["Deep geothermal energy systems","Offshore wind","Solar PV","Hydropower","Hydrogen","Biogas"],"location_type":null,"geo":["OECD countries"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"spampatti2022","title":"Short and Long-Term Dominance of Negative Information in Shaping Public Energy Perceptions: The Case of Shallow Geothermal Systems","authors":["Spampatti, Tobia","Hahnel, Ulf J. J.","Trutnevyte, Evelina","Brosch, Tobias"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113070","description":"Examines how information about positive or negative aspects of shallow geothermal systems changes citizens' affect and evaluations, whether changes persist over time, and how individual differences matter.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Social psychology of risk perception"],"method":["Longitudinal experiment","Online survey"],"technology":["Shallow geothermal systems"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Western Switzerland"],"stakeholders":["Citizens"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"spijkerboer2022","title":"Out of Steam? A Social Science and Humanities Research Agenda for Geothermal Energy","authors":["Spijkerboer, Rozanne C.","Turhan, Ethemcan","Roos, Andreas","Billi, Marco","Vargas-Payera, Sofia","Opazo, Jose","Armiero, Marco"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2022.102801","description":"Perspective article arguing for social science and humanities approaches to geothermal energy, to explore its promises and pitfalls as a decarbonization strategy.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Social science and humanities energy research"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Geothermal energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"stadelmann-steffen2021","title":"Public Opinion in Policy Contexts. A Comparative Analysis of Domestic Energy Policies and Individual Policy Preferences in Europe","authors":["Stadelmann-Steffen, Isabelle","Eder, Christina"],"year":2021,"journal":"International Political Science Review","doi":"10.1177/0192512120913047","description":"Investigates the link between existing domestic energy policies and individual policy instrument preferences in 21 European countries from a policy feedback perspective.","epistemic_model":["Policy feedback theory","Political science"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Europe"],"stakeholders":["Citizens"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"stalker2022","title":"Communicating Leakage Risk in the Hydrogen Economy: Lessons Already Learned from Geoenergy Industries","authors":["Stalker, Linda","Roberts, Jennifer J.","Mabon, Leslie","Hartley, Patrick G."],"year":2022,"journal":"Frontiers In Energy Research","doi":"10.3389/fenrg.2022.869264","description":"The paper examines potential societal risk perception issues for geological hydrogen storage, drawing on CO2 and natural gas storage analogues, and argues for communication and engagement strategies to foster support.","epistemic_model":["Risk perception research","Science and technology studies"],"method":[],"technology":["Geological hydrogen storage"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"stauffacher2015","title":"Framing Deep Geothermal Energy in Mass Media: The Case of Switzerland","authors":["Stauffacher, Michael","Muggli, Nora","Scolobig, Anna","Moser, Corinne"],"year":2015,"journal":"Technological Forecasting And Social Change","doi":"10.1016/j.techfore.2015.05.018","description":"The study analyzes how deep geothermal energy has been discussed in Swiss mass media, focusing on actors, arguments and frames.","epistemic_model":["Framing theory","Media studies"],"method":["Content analysis"],"technology":["Deep geothermal energy"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Switzerland"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":"1997-2013"},{"id":"steeneveldt2006a","title":"CO₂ Capture and Storage -: Closing the Knowing-Doing Gap","authors":["Steeneveldt, R.","Berger, B.","Torp, T. A."],"year":2006,"journal":"Chemical Engineering Research & Design","doi":"10.1205/cherd05049","description":"The article reviews experience with CO2 capture and storage and discusses the conditions, such as public acceptance, regulatory approval, cost and economic incentives, that determine its widespread implementation.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Techno-economic assessment"],"method":[],"technology":["CO2 capture and storage"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"steg2015a","title":"Understanding the Human Dimensions of a Sustainable Energy Transition","authors":["Steg, Linda","Perlaviciute, Goda","van der Werff, Ellen"],"year":2015,"journal":"Frontiers In Psychology","doi":"10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00805","description":"The paper proposes a general psychological framework to understand and encourage sustainable household energy behaviors and the acceptability of energy policies, and sets out a research agenda.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Behavioural science"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Households"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"steinberger2020","title":"Efficiency versus Equity in Spatial Siting of Electricity Generation: Citizen Preferences in a Serious Board Game in Switzerland","authors":["Steinberger, Franziska","Minder, Tobias","Trutnevyte, Evelina"],"year":2020,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en13184961","description":"The study presents and tests a serious board game to form and elicit citizen preferences for the spatial siting of a full mix of electricity technologies in Switzerland in 2035.","epistemic_model":["Energy transition studies","Participatory decision-making"],"method":["Serious board game","Case study"],"technology":[],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Zurich"],"stakeholders":["Citizens"],"scale":"Micro","period":"2035"},{"id":"steller2024","title":"Shaping Transformation: Discourse Analysis and Systematic Review of Socio-Psychological Factors in Hydrogen Technology Acceptance","authors":["Steller, Rubina Shirin","Recklies, Erik Alexander","Schweizer-Ries, Petra"],"year":2024,"journal":"International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.06.422","description":"A review of acceptance research on hydrogen technologies that evaluates measurement tools and models, identifies influencing factors, and analyzes academic discourse on their diffusion.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance research","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Literature review","Discourse analysis"],"technology":["Hydrogen technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"stelmach2023a","title":"Public Perceptions of Wave Energy Development on the West Coast of North America: Risks, Benefits, and Coastal Attachment","authors":["Stelmach, Greg","Hazboun, Shawn","Brandt, Diane","Boudet, Hilary"],"year":2023,"journal":"Ocean & Coastal Management","doi":"10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106666","description":"Examines public perceptions of wave energy on the west coast of North America and the factors associated with attitudes and risk/benefit perceptions, drawing on social representations theory.","epistemic_model":["Social representations theory","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Wave energy"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["California","Oregon","Washington","British Columbia"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Macro","period":"2020"},{"id":"stephanides2019a","title":"Public Perception of Sustainable Energy Innovation: A Case Study from Tilos, Greece","authors":["Stephanides, Phedeas","Chalvatzis, Konstantinos J.","Li, Xin","Mantzaris, Nikos","Prodromou, Michalis","Papapostolou, Christiana","Zafirakis, Dimitris"],"year":2019,"journal":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2018.12.058","description":"The study examines energy-users' perceptions and acceptance of novel smart island proposals and renewable energy solutions on the non-interconnected island of Tilos.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of energy technologies","Energy transitions"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies","Smart grid technologies"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Tilos"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"stephanides2019b","title":"The Social Perspective on Island Energy Transitions: Evidence from the Aegean Archipelago","authors":["Stephanides, Phedeas","Chalvatzis, Konstantinos J.","Li, Xin","Lettice, Fiona","Guan, Dabo","Ioannidis, Alexis","Zafirakis, Dimitris","Papapostolou, Christiana"],"year":2019,"journal":"Applied Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113725","description":"The study explores public attitudes and acceptability among Aegean islanders towards green energy solutions from the TILOS battery storage project, to inform sustainable energy transition on non-interconnected islands.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of energy","Market segmentation"],"method":["Survey","Segmentation analysis"],"technology":["Battery energy storage","Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Aegean Sea islands"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"stephens2008","title":"Socio-Political Evaluation of Energy Deployment (SPEED): An Integrated Research Framework Analyzing Energy Technology Deployment","authors":["Stephens, Jennie C.","Wilson, Elizabeth J.","Peterson, Tarla Rai"],"year":2008,"journal":"Technological Forecasting And Social Change","doi":"10.1016/j.techfore.2007.12.003","description":"The paper proposes the SPEED framework for the integrated analysis of regulatory, legal, political, economic and social factors influencing state-level deployment decisions for emerging energy technologies.","epistemic_model":["Technology diffusion","Environmental policy","Risk perception"],"method":[],"technology":["Emerging energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"stober2021","title":"What Is the Quality of Participatory Renewable Energy Planning in Europe? A Comparative Analysis of Innovative Practices in 25 Projects","authors":["Stober, Dina","Suskevics, Monika","Eiter, Sebastian","Mueller, Stefanie","Martinat, Stanislav","Buchecker, Matthias"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2020.101804","description":"The study assesses the quality of participatory processes in renewable energy projects across European regions, addressing the dominance of single case studies in research on participation and acceptance.","epistemic_model":["Participatory planning","Energy social science"],"method":["Comparative qualitative inventory"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Europe"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"streimikiene2021","title":"Barriers and Drivers of Renewable Energy Penetration in Rural Areas","authors":["Streimikiene, Dalia","Balezentis, Tomas","Volkov, Artiom","Morkunas, Mangirdas","Zickiene, Agne","Streimikis, Justas"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en14206452","description":"The paper analyses the main barriers and drivers of renewable energy initiatives and prosumption in rural communities and draws policy implications for the low-carbon energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Energy transition studies","Energy policy"],"method":[],"technology":["Renewable energy microgeneration technologies","Smart grid","Energy cooperatives"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"suarez-paba2022","title":"A Paradigm Shift in Natech Risk Management: Development of a Rating System Framework for Evaluating the Performance of Industry","authors":["Suarez-Paba, Maria Camila","Cruz, Ana Maria"],"year":2022,"journal":"Journal Of Loss Prevention In The Process Industries","doi":"10.1016/j.jlp.2021.104615","description":"The study proposes Natech RateME, an area-wide risk management and rating system framework to evaluate and certify industrial facilities' preparedness for natural hazard-triggered technological accidents (Natech).","epistemic_model":["Risk governance","Resilience engineering"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"sutterlin2017a","title":"Public Acceptance of Renewable Energy Technologies from an Abstract versus Concrete Perspective and the Positive Imagery of Solar Power","authors":["Sutterlin, Bernadette","Siegrist, Michael"],"year":2017,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2017.03.061","description":"The study examines people's imagery of solar power and whether assessing public acceptance of renewables on a concrete level, by addressing drawbacks, yields a different and more reliable acceptance rating than abstract assessment.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Social psychology of risk perception"],"method":[],"technology":["Solar power"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"szulecki2024","title":"Ageism, Welfare, and the Energy Transition: A Comparative Analysis of the Perceptions among the Elderly in Poland and Norway","authors":["Szulecki, Kacper","Neerland, Maria Aspen","Tomter, Hakon","Waeringsaasen, Cecilie A. Blomberg","Zuk, Pawel","Zuk, Piotr"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy Sustainability And Society","doi":"10.1186/s13705-024-00468-x","description":"Comparative empirical analysis of senior citizens' outlook on the energy transition and the impact of energy poverty, testing the applicability of energy ageism in Norway and Poland.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Social gerontology"],"method":["Interviews","Focus groups"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Norway","Poland"],"stakeholders":["Senior citizens"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"tahir2024","title":"Embracing Complexity: Microgrids and Community Engagement in Australia","authors":["Tahir, Farzan","Dwyer, Scott","Kelly, Scott"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2024.103811","description":"The study investigates how community engagement was applied by organisations undertaking microgrid feasibility studies for rural and remote communities in Australia, and the challenges they encountered.","epistemic_model":["Community-based participatory research","Social acceptance of energy"],"method":["Community-based Participatory research (CBPR)"],"technology":["Microgrids"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Australia"],"stakeholders":["Organisations conducting microgrid feasibility studies","Rural and remote communities"],"scale":"Macro","period":"2020-2024"},{"id":"takacs2019","title":"Accuracy of Wind Farm Visualisations: The Effect of Focal Length on Perceived Accuracy","authors":["Takacs, Berill","Goulden, Marisa C."],"year":2019,"journal":"Environmental Impact Assessment Review","doi":"10.1016/j.eiar.2019.01.001","description":"The study explores the perceived accuracy of images representing the visual impacts of onshore and offshore wind farms, and the effect of camera lens focal length on perception of turbine scale.","epistemic_model":["Visual impact assessment","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Mixed methods","Field visits","Survey"],"technology":["Onshore wind","Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":[],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"tenberge2025","title":"Multiple Levels of Agency in Socio-Technical Transitions - Mnemonic Agents and the Constitution of Group Identities","authors":["ten Berge, Gijs"],"year":2025,"journal":"Journal Of Cleaner Production","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.144554","description":"The study explores how the multiple roles of women's guide authors in the Dutch energy transition to gas and electricity influenced the historical narratives on technological development they constructed, accounting for multiple levels of mnemonic agency.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Memory studies"],"method":[],"technology":["Gas","Electricity"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Netherlands"],"stakeholders":["Women's guide authors","Women's organization members"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"thorleifson2005","title":"Geological Map of the Future: Digital, Interactive, and Three-Dimensional","authors":["Thorleifson, H"],"year":2005,"journal":"","doi":null,"description":"The paper reviews how geological survey agencies are developing digital regional 3-D geological modeling methods to meet user needs such as groundwater modeling.","epistemic_model":["Geology","Geoinformatics"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"thunshirn2025","title":"Assessing the Digital Divide in the Energy Transition: Surveying the Social Factors Influencing Home Energy Management Systems in Austria","authors":["Thunshirn, Philipp","Ettwein, Frederike","Hoeferl, Karl-Michael"],"year":2025,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2025.103941","description":"The study analyzes the adoption of smart home energy management systems (HEMS) through the lens of the digital divide debate, examining how social status and digital competency shape who adopts them.","epistemic_model":["Digital divide theory","Energy justice"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis","Moderation analysis"],"technology":["Smart home energy management systems"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Vienna"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Micro","period":"2023"},{"id":"tidwell2022","title":"Climate Change Deniers, Hippies, and Preppers. Oh My!: Unpacking Engineering Student Perceptions of Renewable Energy Technology Adoption in the United States","authors":["Tidwell, Jacqueline Hettel","Tidwell, Abraham S. D."],"year":2022,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2021.102397","description":"Examines how engineering students learning about renewable energy systems perceive the kinds of people in the United States who would or would not adopt alternative energy.","epistemic_model":["Engineering studies","Dialectology"],"method":[],"technology":["Renewable energy systems"],"location_type":null,"geo":["United States"],"stakeholders":["Students"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"todorov2024","title":"Coal Share Reduction Options for Power Generation during the Energy Transition: A Bulgarian Perspective","authors":["Todorov, Georgi","Kralov, Ivan","Koprev, Ivailo","Vasilev, Hristo","Naydenova, Iliyana"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en17040929","description":"Review of the progress, rejection and acceptance of the energy transition in Bulgaria, and of options for reducing coal share in power generation, including cleaner coal combustion and biomass.","epistemic_model":["Just transition","Energy policy"],"method":["Literature review","Modelling"],"technology":["Coal-fired power plants","Biomass power generation"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Bulgaria"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"torvanger2023","title":"Carbon Dioxide Mitigation from Public Procurement with Environmental Conditions: The Case of Short-Sea Shipping in Norway","authors":["Torvanger, Asbjorn","Tvedt, Jostein","Hovi, Inger Beate"],"year":2023,"journal":"Maritime Transport Research","doi":"10.1016/j.martra.2023.100085","description":"The study estimates the potential for greenhouse gas emission cuts in Norwegian short-sea maritime segments (express boats, offshore support vessels, aquaculture support vessels) compared with ferries.","epistemic_model":["Multi-attribute utility theory","Transport and energy policy analysis"],"method":["Multi-attribute utility method","Modelling"],"technology":["Battery-electric vessels","Hydrogen-fuelled vessels"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Norway"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":"2017-2030"},{"id":"trandafir2023","title":"Community Benefit Agreements for Solar Energy: Examining Values, Preferences and Perceived Benefits in the United States Using a Discrete Choice Experiment","authors":["Trandafir, Simona","Thomas, Priya","Bidwell, David","Rezendes, Ryan"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2023.103305","description":"Examines community preferences regarding Community Benefit Agreements (mandated vs voluntary, private vs collective benefit distribution) for large-scale solar farms and how individual values shape attitudes toward solar technology.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Environmental economics"],"method":["Survey","Latent class analysis"],"technology":["Large-scale solar farms"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"trisiah2022","title":"Framing Geothermal Energy in Indonesia: A Media Analysis in a Country with Huge Potential","authors":["Trisiah, Anita","de Vries, Gerdien","de Bruijn, Hans"],"year":2022,"journal":"Environmental Communication-A Journal Of Nature And Culture","doi":"10.1080/17524032.2022.2144403","description":"The study examines how geothermal energy has been framed in two prominent national newspapers in Indonesia and how the media portray this technology.","epistemic_model":["Media framing theory","Communication studies"],"method":["Content analysis"],"technology":["Geothermal energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Indonesia"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"troendle2023","title":"Public Preferences for Phasing-out Fossil Fuels in the German Building and Transport Sectors","authors":["Troendle, Tim","Annaheim, Jasmin","Hoppe, Janna","Hanger-Kopp, Susanne","Patt, Anthony"],"year":2023,"journal":"Environmental Research Communications","doi":"10.1088/2515-7620/acec39","description":"Investigates public preferences in Germany for phase-out policy packages targeting fossil fuel-based heating systems and internal combustion engine vehicles.","epistemic_model":["Environmental policy analysis","Public preference research"],"method":["Conjoint experiment"],"technology":["Fossil fuel-based heating systems","Internal combustion engine vehicles"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Germany"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":"2022"},{"id":"troise2024","title":"Public Attitudes towards Electricity Decarbonization and Meeting 2035 Goals","authors":["Troise, Sarah","Morgan, M. Granger","Abdulla, Ahmed"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2024.133889","description":"The study examines US public preferences for a 100% low-carbon electricity mix in 2035 and how demographics affect preferences across seven low-carbon technologies.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Social acceptance of energy technologies"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Low-carbon energy technologies","CCS","Offshore wind"],"location_type":null,"geo":["United States"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"tsangas2018","title":"Cyprus Energy Resources and Their Potential to Increase Sustainability","authors":["Tsangas, Michail","Zorpas, Antonis A.","Jeguirim, Mejdi","Limousy, Lionel"],"year":2018,"journal":"","doi":null,"description":"The study gathers internal and external barriers of Cyprus energy resources and derives a SWOT analysis to increase the country's energy sustainability.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Sustainability assessment"],"method":["SWOT analysis"],"technology":["Renewable energy","Offshore natural gas"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":["Cyprus"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"tsuji2021","title":"Geological Storage of CO₂-N₂-O₂ Mixtures Produced by Membrane-Based Direct Air Capture (DAC)","authors":["Tsuji, Takeshi","Sorai, Masao","Shiga, Masashige","Fujikawa, Shigenori","Kunitake, Toyoki"],"year":2021,"journal":"Greenhouse Gases-Science And Technology","doi":"10.1002/ghg.2099","description":"Evaluates geological storage of low-purity CO2 captured by advanced membrane-based direct air capture in terms of environmental acceptability and economic viability.","epistemic_model":["Techno-economic assessment","Geoscience of carbon storage"],"method":["Molecular dynamics simulation","Modelling"],"technology":["Direct air capture","Carbon capture and storage"],"location_type":"Mixed","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"tuler2024","title":"The Challenge of Community Acceptance of Small Nuclear Reactors","authors":["Tuler, Seth P.","Webler, Thomas"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2024.103831","description":"Reviews the literature on small modular reactors and microreactors to assess the challenge of community acceptance in siting, drawing on insights from other controversial facilities.","epistemic_model":["Facility siting research","Science and technology studies"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Small modular reactors","Microreactors"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"ugarte-lucas2024","title":"Public Perception of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage in Denmark: Support or Reluctant Acceptance?","authors":["Ugarte-Lucas, Paula","Jacobsen, Jette Bredahl"],"year":2024,"journal":"International Journal Of Greenhouse Gas Control","doi":"10.1016/j.ijggc.2024.104187","description":"The study gauges Danes' willingness to pay for biomass with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and examines the factors influencing it.","epistemic_model":["Environmental economics","Risk and technology perception"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Denmark"],"stakeholders":["Households"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"umit2022","title":"Wind Turbines, Public Acceptance, and Electoral Outcomes","authors":["Umit, Resul","Schaffer, Lena Maria"],"year":2022,"journal":"Swiss Political Science Review","doi":"10.1111/spsr.12521","description":"The study examines the potential causes of public opposition to wind turbine proposals and its electoral effects in Switzerland.","epistemic_model":["Political science","Environmental psychology"],"method":["Survey experiment"],"technology":["Wind turbines"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Switzerland"],"stakeholders":["General public","Voters"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"urbatsch2021a","title":"Are Religious Individuals against Renewables? Exploring Religious Beliefs and Support for Government Investment in Energy Transitions in the United States","authors":["Urbatsch, R.","Wang, Yu"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2021.102283","description":"The study examines whether religiosity and fundamentalist biblical beliefs shape US adults' support for government funding of alternative energy development.","epistemic_model":["Sociology of religion","Political psychology"],"method":["Survey","Regression analysis"],"technology":["Alternative energy sources"],"location_type":null,"geo":["United States"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"vaillancourt2008a","title":"The Role of Nuclear Energy in Long-Term Climate Scenarios: An Analysis with the World-TIMES Model","authors":["Vaillancourt, Kathleen","Labriet, Maryse","Loulou, Richard","Waaub, Jean-Philippe"],"year":2008,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2008.01.015","description":"The study analyzes the role of nuclear energy in long-term climate scenarios using the World-TIMES global bottom-up model.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems modelling","Climate policy analysis"],"method":["Modelling"],"technology":["Nuclear energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":"2000-2100"},{"id":"vallejos-romero2023","title":"Green Hydrogen and Social Sciences: Issues, Problems, and Future Challenges","authors":["Vallejos-Romero, Arturo","Cordoves-Sanchez, Minerva","Cisternas, Cesar","Saez-Ardura, Felipe","Rodriguez, Ignacio","Aledo, Antonio","Boso, Alex","Prades, Jordi","Alvarez, Boris"],"year":2023,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su15010303","description":"Review of social science research on green hydrogen, identifying main research lines, problems and challenges related to its role in energy transitions and climate change.","epistemic_model":["Social sciences of energy","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Green hydrogen"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":"1997-2022"},{"id":"vanderkoogh2023","title":"Stakeholder Prioritizations for Electric Vehicle Charging across Time Periods","authors":["van der Koogh, Mylene","Chappin, Emile","Heller, Renee","Lukszo, Zofia"],"year":2023,"journal":"Transport Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.09.003","description":"The study investigates how Dutch decision-makers prioritize indicators related to public electric vehicle charging across three future time scenarios.","epistemic_model":["Multi-criteria decision analysis","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Best-worst method"],"technology":["Public electric vehicle charging"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Netherlands"],"stakeholders":["Policymakers","Service providers"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"vanderschoor2016","title":"Challenging Obduracy: How Local Communities Transform the Energy System","authors":["van der Schoor, Tineke","van Lente, Harro","Scholtens, Bert","Peine, Alexander"],"year":2016,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2015.12.009","description":"In-depth study of emerging local community energy initiatives and their networks, examining how they challenge centralized energy decision-making and link to local, regional and national networks.","epistemic_model":["Actor-Network Theory","Social Movement Theory"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Citizens","Local communities"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"vasstrom2021","title":"What Shapes Norwegian Wind Power Policy? Analysing the Constructing Forces of Policymaking and Emerging Questions of Energy Justice","authors":["Vasstrom, Mikaela","Lysgard, Hans Kjetil"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2021.102089","description":"Analyses how Norwegian land-based wind power policies are constructed over time and which forces dominate and resist wind power policy development.","epistemic_model":["Assemblage theory","Energy justice"],"method":[],"technology":["Onshore wind"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Norway"],"stakeholders":["Policymakers","Developers","Local authorities","Civil society organisations","Citizens"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"veliz2023","title":"Vision for a Sustainable Energy Transition and Decarbonization: A Case Study of Students Surveyed at a Chilean University","authors":["Veliz, Karina D.","Silva, Sergio","Hernandez, Beatriz"],"year":2023,"journal":"Heliyon","doi":"10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21534","description":"Analyzes public perception of the energy transition and decarbonization in Chile and how preferences change with political ideology and distance between power plants and homes.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Energy social science"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Solar","Wind","Hydroelectricity","Non-renewable power plants"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Chile"],"stakeholders":["Students"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"vercelli2017","title":"Making the Communication of CCS More ``Human''","authors":["Vercelli, Samuela","Lombardi, Salvatore","Modesti, Federica","Tartarello, Maria Chiara","Finoia, Maria Grazia","De Angelis, Davide","Bigi, Sabina","Ruggiero, Livio","Pirrotta, Stefano"],"year":2017,"journal":"","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1868","description":"The study presents the development of a short introductory film on CCS, designed around emotional needs related to the technology, to improve CCS communication and raise public interest, and tests it with high school students.","epistemic_model":["Science communication","Environmental psychology"],"method":[],"technology":["CCS"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Students"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"vespa2022","title":"Not All Places Are Equal: Using Instagram to Understand Cognitions and Affect towards Renewable Energy Infrastructures","authors":["Vespa, Mariangela","Kortsch, Timo","Hildebrand, Jan","Schweizer-Ries, Petra","Volkmer, Sara Alida"],"year":2022,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su14074071","description":"Investigates the relationship between place scales mentioned in Instagram posts and the sentiments expressed about renewable energy technologies and infrastructures, to increase understanding of people-place relations in the energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Sociocognitive approach"],"method":["Content analysis"],"technology":["Solar","Wind","Biomass","Geothermal","Powerlines","Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"vikstrom2025","title":"Co-Designing the Urban Energy Transition: A Resident-Based Approach","authors":["Vikstrom, Lars","Ek, Kristina","Luciani, Andrea","Rizzo, Agatino"],"year":2025,"journal":"Cities (London, England)","doi":"10.1016/j.cities.2024.105506","description":"The study seeks to understand how participatory design methods and the integration of renewable energy techniques such as photovoltaics can contribute to more democratic, sustainable and livable urban planning in the energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Participatory design","Urban planning","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Workshop"],"technology":["Photovoltaics"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Northern Sweden"],"stakeholders":["Residents","Local authorities","Developers"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"virah-sawmy2025","title":"Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Deployments: A Review","authors":["Virah-Sawmy, Dan","Sturmberg, Bjorn"],"year":2025,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.114956","description":"A review of 369 studies synthesising the social, economic and environmental aspects, barriers and drivers of renewable energy technology deployment.","epistemic_model":["Sustainability transitions","Energy social science"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"volken2018","title":"Perspectives of Informed Citizen Panel on Low-Carbon Electricity Portfolios in Switzerland and Longer-Term Evaluation of Informational Materials","authors":["Volken, Sandra P.","Xexakis, Georgios","Trutnevyte, Evelina"],"year":2018,"journal":"Environmental Science & Technology","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.8b01265","description":"The study elicits informed public preferences for low- and zero-carbon electricity portfolios in Switzerland using an informed citizen panel and tracks how knowledge and preferences evolve over time.","epistemic_model":["Decision science","Energy transition studies"],"method":["Informed citizen panel","Group discussions","Longitudinal preference elicitation"],"technology":["Low-carbon electricity portfolios","Hydropower","Solar power"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Switzerland"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"vonwirth2018","title":"Distributed Energy Systems on a Neighborhood Scale: Reviewing Drivers of and Barriers to Social Acceptance","authors":["von Wirth, Timo","Gislason, Linda","Seidl, Roman"],"year":2018,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.086","description":"Study of the adoption and social acceptance of distributed energy systems in neighborhood contexts, focusing on the role of local actors, ownership and spatial scale in accelerating adoption.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Social acceptance of energy technologies"],"method":["Systematic review","Interviews"],"technology":["Distributed energy systems","Micro-cogeneration","Multi-energy hubs"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"vrhovac2025","title":"Advancing Shared Energy Transition through Strategic Regional Future Developments","authors":["Vrhovac, Bozana","Mueller, Stefanie","Sun, Xue","Gret-Regamey, Adrienne","Buchecker, Matthias"],"year":2025,"journal":"Renewable Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2024.122128","description":"The study explores residents' perspectives on regional energy transition and regional future developments to establish a basis for finding shared solutions in spatial and energy planning.","epistemic_model":["Spatial planning","Participatory planning"],"method":["Survey","Spatial analysis"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Knonauer Amt"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"wade2022","title":"Reclaiming the Windy Commons: Landownership, Wind Rights, and the Assetization of Renewable Resources","authors":["Wade, Robert","Ellis, Geraint"],"year":2022,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en15103744","description":"The paper explores ownership and control of wind resources through the idea of 'wind rights', examining how landowners enclose the wind commons and what alternative property arrangements imply for a just energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Marxist political economy","Institutional analysis (Ostrom)","Energy justice"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Wind energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Landowners"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"walker2019","title":"Are the Pens Working for Justice? News Media Coverage of Renewable Energy Involving Indigenous Peoples in Canada","authors":["Walker, Chad","Alexander, Alyssa","Doucette, Mary Beth","Lewis, Diana","Neufeld, Hanna Tait","Martin, Debbie","Masuda, Jeff","Stefanelli, Robert","Castleden, Heather"],"year":2019,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2019.101230","description":"Analyses how Canadian mainstream and Indigenous media outlets write about Indigenous Peoples and renewable energy, and how this shapes public perception.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Indigenous knowledge frameworks (Etuaptmumk/Two-Eyed Seeing)","Media studies"],"method":["Content analysis","Critical discourse analysis"],"technology":["Renewable energy","Large-scale hydro","Solar","Wind"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Canada"],"stakeholders":["Indigenous Peoples","Media outlets"],"scale":"Meso","period":"2008-2017"},{"id":"walker2024","title":"The ``Four Ds'' and Support for Local Smart Grids: Analysis from National Surveys in the UK and Canada","authors":["Walker, Chad","Rowlands, Ian H.","Devine-Wright, Patrick","Soutar, Iain","Wilson, Charlie","Gupta, Rajat","Devine-Wright, Hannah","Bishwokarma, Juli","Ford, Rebecca"],"year":2024,"journal":"Oxford Open Energy","doi":"10.1093/ooenergy/oiae004","description":"The study examines public views, expectations and support for Local Smart Grids in the UK and Canada, including how the 'four Ds' and demographic factors explain support for energy system change.","epistemic_model":["Social science of energy transitions","Energy justice"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Local Smart Grids"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["United Kingdom","Canada"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"walzberg2023","title":"Modeling Systems' Disruption and Social Acceptance-a Proof-of-Concept Leveraging Reinforcement Learning","authors":["Walzberg, Julien","Eberle, Annika"],"year":2023,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su151310231","description":"The study presents a reinforcement learning methodology that minimizes contention risks and maximizes renewable energy production in wind turbine siting decisions, tested on a case study in Illinois.","epistemic_model":["Operations research","Energy systems analysis"],"method":["Modelling","Case study"],"technology":["Onshore wind","Solar PV"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Illinois"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":"2022-2035"},{"id":"wanasinghe2024","title":"Digitalization and the Future of Employment: A Case Study on the Canadian Offshore Oil and Gas Drilling Occupations","authors":["Wanasinghe, Thumeera R.","Gosine, Raymond G.","Petersen, Bui K.","Warrian, Peter J."],"year":2024,"journal":"Ieee Transactions On Automation Science And Engineering","doi":"10.1109/TASE.2023.3238971","description":"The study presents an algorithm to identify reskilling requirements, job merging pathways and a timeline for offshore oil and gas drilling occupations as digital technologies are adopted.","epistemic_model":["Labour economics","Industry 4.0 workforce transformation"],"method":["Modelling","Case study","Sensitivity analysis"],"technology":["Automation","Robotization","Digital twins","Data-driven decision-making systems","Smart devices","Cloud computing"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Canada"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"wang2021a","title":"Assessing Renewable Energy Production Capabilities Using DEA Window and Fuzzy TOPSIS Model","authors":["Wang, Chia-Nan","Dang, Thanh-Tuan","Tibo, Hector","Duong, Duy-Hung"],"year":2021,"journal":"Symmetry-Basel","doi":"10.3390/sym13020334","description":"The study evaluates the renewable energy production capabilities of 42 countries with a hybrid DEA Window and fuzzy TOPSIS methodology, to help countries understand their potential for renewable energy production.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Multi-criteria decision analysis"],"method":["Data envelopment analysis","Fuzzy TOPSIS"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Norway","United Kingdom","Kuwait","Australia","Netherlands","United Arab Emirates","United States","Japan","Colombia","Italy"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Macro","period":null},{"id":"wang2021b","title":"Just Transition: A Conceptual Review","authors":["Wang, Xinxin","Lo, Kevin"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2021.102291","description":"This review clarifies the different perspectives on the concept of just transition away from fossil fuels, consolidates knowledge, and provides a research agenda.","epistemic_model":["Energy justice","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"wang2022","title":"Social Network and Villagers' Willingness to Adopt Residential Rooftop PV Products: A Multiple Mediating Model Based on TAM/PR Theory","authors":["Wang, Weidong","Guan, Xieyue","Jin, Shunlin","Wang, Xiaonan","Qin, Xue","Lu, Na","Zhu, Guyu","Li, Dingding"],"year":2022,"journal":"Frontiers In Environmental Science","doi":"10.3389/fenvs.2022.999006","description":"The study examines the influencing factors of the willingness to adopt residential rooftop PV products among villagers in rural China, combining social capital, TAM and perceived risk theory.","epistemic_model":["Social capital theory","Technology acceptance model","Perceived risk theory"],"method":["Survey","Structural equation modeling"],"technology":["Residential rooftop PV"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["China"],"stakeholders":["Villagers"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"wang2023","title":"Social Capital and Rural Residential Rooftop Solar Energy Diffusion-Evidence from Jiangsu Province, China","authors":["Wang, Weidong","Jin, Shunlin","Zhang, Caijing","Qin, Xue","Lu, Na","Zhu, Guyu"],"year":2023,"journal":"Energy Research & Social Science","doi":"10.1016/j.erss.2023.103011","description":"The study explores the role of rooted and multidimensional social capital in villagers' willingness to adopt residential rooftop PV (RRPV) and identifies characteristics of rural information transmission and opinion leaders.","epistemic_model":["Social capital theory","Technology acceptance"],"method":["Modelling"],"technology":["Residential rooftop PV"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["China"],"stakeholders":["Villagers"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"wang2024","title":"Subsidy Policies towards Zero-Emission Bus Fleets: A Systematic Technical-Economic Analysis","authors":["Wang, Zhuowei","Yu, Jiangbo (Gabe)","Chen, Anthony","Fu, Xiaowen"],"year":2024,"journal":"Transport Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.tranpol.2024.02.022","description":"The study builds a bus market evolution model to explore how subsidy policies in Hong Kong affect the transition to a zero-emission bus fleet, using an unsubsidized benchmark scenario.","epistemic_model":["System dynamics","Transport policy analysis"],"method":["System dynamics","Modelling"],"technology":["Hydrogen buses","Battery electric buses","Diesel buses"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Hong Kong"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":"2050"},{"id":"warren2009","title":"Re-Powering Scotland: Wind Farms and the `energy or Environment?' Debate","authors":["Warren, Charles R.","Birnie, Richard V."],"year":2009,"journal":"Scottish Geographical Journal","doi":"10.1080/14702540802712502","description":"Reviews the environmental, social and political questions around onshore wind farm development in Scotland to explain why public controversy and opposition persist.","epistemic_model":["Environmental sociology","Energy policy studies"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Onshore wind"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Scotland"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"westerlund2020","title":"Social Acceptance of Wind Energy in Urban Landscapes","authors":["Westerlund, Mika"],"year":2020,"journal":"Technology Innovation Management Review","doi":"10.22215/timreview/1389","description":"Examines types of social acceptance of wind energy among residents of Helsinki, whether acceptance correlates with demographics, and what drives acceptance of wind farms in the urban landscape.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of renewable energy","Environmental sociology"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Wind energy","Offshore wind"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":["Helsinki"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"wiersma2014","title":"Public Engagement with Offshore Renewable Energy: A Critical Review","authors":["Wiersma, Bouke","Devine-Wright, Patrick"],"year":2014,"journal":"Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Climate Change","doi":"10.1002/wcc.282","description":"Literature review of social science studies on public engagement with and determinants of public acceptance of offshore renewable energy (offshore wind, tidal and wave), comparing it with onshore energy infrastructure.","epistemic_model":["Social acceptance of renewable energy","Environmental social science"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Offshore wind","Tidal energy","Wave energy"],"location_type":"Offshore","geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"wilkinson2021","title":"Rooftop PV and the Renewable Energy Transition; a Review of Driving Forces and Analytical Frameworks","authors":["Wilkinson, Sam","John, Michele","Morrison, Gregory M."],"year":2021,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su13105613","description":"Review of the technical, economic, socio-political and regulatory/institutional aspects of a rooftop PV-led electricity system transition, assessing transitions theories (notably the multi-level perspective) to understand their interaction.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Multi-level perspective"],"method":["Literature review"],"technology":["Rooftop solar PV"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Australia"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"wojcik-jurkiewicz2021","title":"Determinants of Decarbonisation in the Transformation of the Energy Sector: The Case of Poland","authors":["Wojcik-Jurkiewicz, Magdalena","Czarnecka, Marzena","Kinelski, Grzegorz","Sadowska, Beata","Bilinska-Reformat, Katarzyna"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en14051217","description":"The study identifies how the Polish public perceives the determinants of decarbonisation within the energy transformation, in order to inform a sustainable energy strategy for Poland.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Social acceptance research"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Poland"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"wong2022","title":"Public Perception of Transitioning to a Low-Carbon Nation: A Malaysian Scenario","authors":["Wong, Fadhli Wong Mohd Hasan","Foley, Aoife","Del Rio, Dylan Furszyfer","Rooney, David","Shariff, Shahidah","Dolfi, Andrea","Srinivasan, Geetha"],"year":2022,"journal":"Clean Technologies And Environmental Policy","doi":"10.1007/s10098-022-02345-7","description":"The study examines the perceptions of employees of Malaysia's national oil and gas company towards a net-zero carbon future and the technologies and policies needed for the energy transition.","epistemic_model":["Energy transition studies","Climate policy"],"method":["Delphi study","Literature review"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Malaysia"],"stakeholders":["Oil and gas industry employees"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"wong2024","title":"Study of Intention to Use Renewable Energy Technology in Malaysia Using TAM and TPB","authors":["Wong, Gai-Zhe","Wong, Kok-Hoe","Lau, Teck-Chai","Lee, Jun-Han","Kok, Yin-Hui"],"year":2024,"journal":"Renewable Energy","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2023.119787","description":"The study compares TAM, TPB and an extended model in predicting individuals' behavioural intention to adopt renewable energy technology in Malaysia and identifies the key factors shaping that intention.","epistemic_model":["Technology Acceptance Model","Theory of Planned Behaviour"],"method":["Survey","Structural equation modeling","Finite mixture partial least squares","Importance-performance map analysis"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Malaysia"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"yadav2020","title":"Breaking into the Photovoltaic Energy Transition for Rural and Remote Communities: Challenging the Impact of Awareness Norms and Subsidy Schemes","authors":["Yadav, Prabhakar","Davies, Peter J.","Khan, Sana"],"year":2020,"journal":"Clean Technologies And Environmental Policy","doi":"10.1007/s10098-020-01823-0","description":"The study explores household awareness of decentralised solar PV systems in rural Uttar Pradesh, India, and how awareness campaigns and subsidies affect deployment.","epistemic_model":["Energy transitions","Energy poverty and development studies"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":["Decentralised solar PV"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Uttar Pradesh"],"stakeholders":["Households"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"yudha2021","title":"Stakeholders' Recount on the Dynamics of Indonesia's Renewable Energy Sector","authors":["Yudha, Satya Widya","Tjahjono, Benny","Longhurst, Philip"],"year":2021,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en14102762","description":"The study makes explicit the process by which key stakeholders in Indonesia assess the suitability, feasibility and dynamics of renewable energy development, identifying barriers and enablers for selecting suitable renewable energy sources.","epistemic_model":["Energy policy","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Focus groups","Literature review"],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Indonesia"],"stakeholders":["Experts","Policymakers"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"yusuf2024","title":"Stakeholders' Perceptions of the Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Model Using Blockchain Technology in Indonesia","authors":["Yusuf, Faisal","Sari, Riri Fitri","Yusgiantoro, Purnomo","Soesilo, Tri Edhi Budhi"],"year":2024,"journal":"Energies","doi":"10.3390/en17194956","description":"The study measures stakeholders' perceptions of a blockchain-based peer-to-peer energy trading model supported by solar-powered mini-grids in a rural district of Indonesia.","epistemic_model":["Strategic management","Energy transition studies"],"method":["Survey","SWOT analysis","IFE/EFE matrix","IE matrix","SPACE matrix"],"technology":["Blockchain-based peer-to-peer energy trading","Solar PV mini-grid"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Gumelar District"],"stakeholders":["Households","Policymakers","Developers","Civil society organisations","Experts"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"zaheb2024","title":"Comprehensive Analysis and Prioritization of Sustainable Energy Resources Using Analytical Hierarchy Process","authors":["Zaheb, Hameedullah","Obaidi, Obaidullah","Mukhtar, Sarban","Shirani, Habiburahman","Ahmadi, Mikaeel","Yona, Atsushi"],"year":2024,"journal":"Sustainability","doi":"10.3390/su16114873","description":"The study uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process to evaluate and prioritize renewable energy resources for a developing country that depends heavily on imported electricity.","epistemic_model":["Multi-criteria decision analysis","Energy planning"],"method":["Analytical Hierarchy Process","Multi-criteria decision-making"],"technology":["Solar energy","Wind energy","Hydro energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"zaman2018","title":"A Multi-Criteria Analysis of Coal-Based Power Generation in Bangladesh","authors":["Zaman, Rafia","Brudermann, Thomas","Kumar, S.","Islam, Nazrul"],"year":2018,"journal":"Energy Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2018.01.053","description":"The study identifies and analyses the predominant factors related to coal-based power generation in Bangladesh and assesses their relative importance.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Energy policy analysis"],"method":["Systematic literature review","Interviews","Analytical Hierarchy Process"],"technology":["Coal-based power generation"],"location_type":"Onshore","geo":["Bangladesh"],"stakeholders":["Experts"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"zaunbrecher2018","title":"The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Affect and Its Role for Renewable Energy Acceptance","authors":["Zaunbrecher, Barbara S.","Arning, Katrin","Ziefle, Martina"],"year":2018,"journal":"","doi":"10.5220/0006795003250336","description":"The study examines the emotional evaluation of wind power, solar PV and biomass for electricity and how far affective responses are correlated with acceptance of these technologies.","epistemic_model":["Environmental psychology","Social acceptance research"],"method":["Semantic differential","Survey","Content analysis"],"technology":["Wind power","Solar PV","Biomass for electricity"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"zaunbrecher2019","title":"Using Energy Supply Scenarios in an Interdisciplinary Research Process","authors":["Zaunbrecher, Barbara S.","Bexten, Thomas","Specht, Jan Martin","Wirsum, Manfred","Madlener, Reinhard","Ziefle, Martina"],"year":2019,"journal":"","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-02907-4\\_4","description":"The paper proposes a process model for interdisciplinary energy research that uses specific scenarios to support cooperation and the integration of results for the Energiewende.","epistemic_model":["Interdisciplinary research","Socio-technical transitions"],"method":["Case study"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"zeyringer2016","title":"``New'' or ``Old'' Technologies to Decarbonize UK's Electricity System? A Long-Term High Spatial and Temporal Resolution Assessment for Marine and Wind Energy","authors":["Zeyringer, Marianne","Fais, Birgit","Price, James"],"year":2016,"journal":"","doi":null,"description":"The study asks what role ocean (tidal) and wind energy play in a cost-effective, technically feasible long-term low-carbon UK energy system.","epistemic_model":["Energy systems analysis","Energy economics"],"method":["Modelling"],"technology":["Tidal energy","Wind energy"],"location_type":null,"geo":["United Kingdom"],"stakeholders":[],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"zhang2022","title":"Public Attitude and Opinion Leaders: Mapping Chinese Discussion of Eu's Energy Role on Social Media","authors":["Zhang, Li","Wang, Peinan"],"year":2022,"journal":"Jcms-Journal Of Common Market Studies","doi":"10.1111/jcms.13350","description":"The study examines Chinese public attitudes toward EU-China energy cooperation on social media and the role of agenda-setting and opinion leaders in shaping public discussion.","epistemic_model":["Agenda-setting theory","Political communication"],"method":[],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["China"],"stakeholders":["General public","Opinion leaders"],"scale":"Meso","period":null},{"id":"zimm2019","title":"Is the Renewables Transformation a Piece of Cake or a Pie in the Sky?","authors":["Zimm, Caroline","Goldemberg, Jose","Nakicenovic, Nebojsa","Busch, Sebastian"],"year":2019,"journal":"Energy Strategy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2019.100401","description":"The paper discusses the feasibility and debates around an energy transition to 100% renewables and argues the focus should shift to enabling rapid upscaling of renewables.","epistemic_model":["Socio-technical transitions","Energy systems analysis"],"method":[],"technology":["Renewable energy technologies"],"location_type":null,"geo":[],"stakeholders":[],"scale":null,"period":null},{"id":"zuk2023","title":"The Sense of Socio-Economic Threat and the Perception of Climate Challenges and Attitudes towards Energy Transition among Residents of Coal Basins: The Case of Turoszow Basin in Poland","authors":["Zuk, Piotr"],"year":2023,"journal":"Resources Policy","doi":"10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103509","description":"The article analyses how the sense of social security and anticipated socio-economic deprivation related to decarbonisation shape the attitudes of Turoszow Basin residents in Poland towards energy transition and climate challenges.","epistemic_model":["Political sociology","Energy transition studies"],"method":["Survey"],"technology":[],"location_type":null,"geo":["Turoszow Basin"],"stakeholders":["Residents"],"scale":"Micro","period":null},{"id":"zumofen2025","title":"The Influence of Information Format and Framing on Acceptance of Energy Storage Technologies","authors":["Zumofen, Guillaume","Stadelmann-Steffen, Isabelle","Strater, Rebeka"],"year":2025,"journal":"Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews","doi":"10.1016/j.rser.2024.115209","description":"The study examines how information framings and formats influence individual opinion formation and social acceptance of seasonal thermal energy storage technologies.","epistemic_model":["Public opinion formation theory","Social acceptance research"],"method":["Experiment","Survey","Independent sample t-tests","Kruskal-Wallis tests","Structural equation modeling"],"technology":["Seasonal thermal energy storage"],"location_type":null,"geo":["Switzerland"],"stakeholders":["General public"],"scale":"Meso","period":null}],"items":[{"id":"abdin2024#1","study":"abdin2024","text":"This study examines its benefits, including emissions reduction, enhanced efficiency, and compatibility with existing infrastructure.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["hydrogen_cofiring","emissions"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"benefits, including emissions reduction","reading":"the study examines emissions reduction as a benefit of co-firing, so it is Investigated","insight":"emissions reduction is framed as a core benefit shaping the case for hydrogen co-firing."}}]},{"id":"abdin2024#2","study":"abdin2024","text":"Ultimately, this comprehensive analysis underscores the essential role of hydrogen co-firing in the energy sector and advocates for a comprehensive strategy that synergizes technological progress, economic viability, regulatory support, and public engagement to promote a resilient and sustainable energy future.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["regulatory_support","hydrogen_cofiring"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"joint with: technological_progress, economic_viability, public_engagement","note":{"evidence":"advocates for a comprehensive strategy that synergizes technological progress, economic viability, regulatory support, and public engagement","reading":"a prescriptive strategy, so Hypothetical","insight":"adoption is framed as needing combined technical, economic, regulatory and social conditions rather than a single driver."}},{"path":["public_engagement","hydrogen_cofiring"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"joint with: technological_progress, economic_viability, regulatory_support","note":{"evidence":"synergizes ... public engagement","reading":"recommended prerequisite, so Hypothetical","insight":"public engagement is positioned as a required element of the adoption strategy."}}]},{"id":"addassi1998#1","study":"addassi1998","text":"The use of burning as an available oil spill response method can play an important role in reducing the possible widespread impact of oil spills to marine resources.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["in_situ_burning","environmental_impact"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"can play an important role in reducing the possible widespread impact of oil spills","reading":"burning is said to reduce impact, so influence with negative sign","insight":"response technology is framed as a mitigator of environmental harm, which underpins its policy relevance."}}]},{"id":"addassi1998#2","study":"addassi1998","text":"The use of this technology, however, often requires the approval of many different oversight agencies and its use has often been very controversial.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["agency_approval","in_situ_burning"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"often requires the approval of many different oversight agencies","reading":"approval is a prerequisite for use","insight":"multi-agency approval requirements are a hurdle that makes early coordination important."}}]},{"id":"agaton2020#1","study":"agaton2020","text":"Despite the benefits of reducing the dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions, the adoption of electric vehicles faces several obstacles ranging from financing issues, government policies, and public acceptance.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["financing","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"faces several obstacles ranging from financing issues","reading":"financing named as obstacle, so CONSTRAINS","insight":"adoption of electric vehicles is limited by financial barriers."}},{"path":["policy","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"obstacles ranging from ... government policies","reading":"policy named as obstacle","insight":"policy conditions can hinder adoption."}},{"path":["public_acceptance","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"obstacles ranging from ... public acceptance","reading":"acceptance deficits listed as an obstacle","insight":"public acceptance is treated as a precondition for adoption."}}]},{"id":"agaton2020#2","study":"agaton2020","text":"Using the Philippines as a case study, the findings highlight the economic advantage of investing in electric public transportation with high public acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":"The relation is implied by the wording 'with high public acceptance'.","b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","economic_advantage"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: electric public transportation","note":{"evidence":"economic advantage of investing in electric public transportation with high public acceptance","reading":"advantage is stated under high acceptance","insight":"economic benefit is presented as holding when acceptance is high."}}]},{"id":"aghlimoghadam2022#1","study":"aghlimoghadam2022","text":"We find accessing electricity and diversifying electricity resources via PV as the key technical drivers, and the upstream policies as the key political drivers towards PV adoption.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["electricity_access","pv_adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"accessing electricity and diversifying electricity resources via PV as the key technical drivers","reading":"named as drivers, so INFLUENCES positive","insight":"technical needs for electricity supply motivate PV adoption among governmental organisations."}},{"path":["resource_diversification","pv_adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"diversifying electricity resources via PV as the key technical drivers","reading":"parallel technical driver","insight":"diversification of supply is a distinct technical motivation for PV adoption."}},{"path":["policy","pv_adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: upstream policies","note":{"evidence":"upstream policies as the key political drivers","reading":"political driver","insight":"top-down upstream policy is the main political lever for PV adoption."}}]},{"id":"aghlimoghadam2022#2","study":"aghlimoghadam2022","text":"Though the weak policies (design and implementation), privileging economic and technical obstacles, do hinder the PV adoption and shape negative attitudes toward it.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","pv_adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: weak policy design and implementation","note":{"evidence":"weak policies (design and implementation)... do hinder the PV adoption","reading":"hindrance is a constraint","insight":"weak policy, not only economic or technical barriers, obstructs adoption."}},{"path":["policy","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: weak policies","note":{"evidence":"shape negative attitudes toward it","reading":"weak policy produces negative attitudes","insight":"policy weakness shapes attitudes toward PV."}}]},{"id":"aghlimoghadam2022#3","study":"aghlimoghadam2022","text":"Our findings imply that better-designed upstream policies with a more enabling policy framework are needed to motivate actions on the governmental organisation level.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","action"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: governmental organisation level","note":{"evidence":"are needed to motivate actions","reading":"stated as a prerequisite, prescriptive","insight":"better-designed upstream policy is a precondition for organisational action on PV."}}]},{"id":"aghlimoghadam2023#1","study":"aghlimoghadam2023","text":"My main research questions are: (i) which factors drive solar businesses to establish and do business in the solar PV field despite the fossil-based economy and energy policies in Iran?","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["fossil_based_economy","solar_business"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"despite the fossil-based economy and energy policies in Iran","reading":"the fossil-based economy is framed as an obstacle to solar business establishment","insight":"solar businesses emerge despite unfavourable fossil-based structural conditions, so drivers must be sought elsewhere."}}]},{"id":"aghlimoghadam2023#2","study":"aghlimoghadam2023","text":"Taking an inductive approach (Grounded Theory) toward the data, my results lead to significant insights: the dominance of intrinsic behavioural drivers over the major extrinsic barriers among Iranian solar businesspeople, moreover to their key roles in educating people and driving the innovative deployment of solar PV.","zone":"Result","obs":"Public_Awareness is inferred from 'educating people'.","b":[{"path":["intrinsic_driver","solar_business"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"dominance of intrinsic behavioural drivers over the major extrinsic barriers","reading":"intrinsic drivers outweigh barriers in sustaining solar businesses","insight":"intrinsic motivation outweighs extrinsic barriers in sustaining supply-side solar actors."}},{"path":["solar_business","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"key roles in educating people and driving the innovative deployment of solar PV","reading":"businesses drive deployment","insight":"supply-side niche actors actively advance solar PV deployment."}},{"path":["solar_business","public_awareness"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"educating people","reading":"businesses educate people, so they raise awareness","insight":"solar businesses act as educators, building demand-side understanding."}}]},{"id":"agyekum2024#1","study":"agyekum2024","text":"Marine renewable energy is regarded as a nascent renewable energy resource that is less utilized due to a number of challenges in the sector.","zone":"Background","obs":"Challenges are unspecified here; they are detailed in later sentences.","b":[{"path":["sector_challenge","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"less utilized due to a number of challenges","reading":"challenges limit utilisation, stated as established context","insight":"marine energy's low uptake is attributed to sector challenges rather than resource scarcity."}}]},{"id":"agyekum2024#2","study":"agyekum2024","text":"The challenges in the sector include the lack of commonality in device designs, high initial capital costs, lack of appropriate legal and regulatory frameworks, lack of funding, fragmentations in regulatory institutions, bad macro -economic indicators in some countries, environmental challenges, the survivability of the various technologies in the harsh oceanic environment, and strong competition from other renewable energy sources.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["cost","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"high initial capital costs","reading":"cost is listed as a challenge, so it limits deployment","insight":"high upfront capital is a core barrier for marine energy."}},{"path":["regulatory_framework","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"lack of appropriate legal and regulatory frameworks","reading":"absence of a suitable framework limits deployment","insight":"weak regulation hinders sector development."}},{"path":["funding","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"lack of funding","reading":"the funding deficit is coded under Funding","insight":"insufficient funding limits sector growth."}}]},{"id":"agyekum2024#3","study":"agyekum2024","text":"Recommendations such as strong cooperation between the government and private sector, increased public education, collaboration with existing players in the marine sector, and increased research and development, among others, were proposed for the development of the sector.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_private_cooperation","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"strong cooperation between the government and private sector","reading":"a recommendation, so untested","insight":"sector development is framed as depending on government-private cooperation."}},{"path":["public_education","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"increased public education","reading":"a recommendation proposed for development","insight":"public education is positioned as a prerequisite for sector development."}}]},{"id":"ahmadi2021#1","study":"ahmadi2021","text":"The main contribution of this research is to consider social equity as a key factor in the nexus evaluation of energy-water transition plans.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_equity","transition_planning"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"consider social equity as a key factor in the nexus evaluation","reading":"social equity is presented as a key evaluation factor, a conceptual contribution rather than a tested effect","insight":"equity is proposed as a core criterion for judging energy-water transition plans."}}]},{"id":"ahmadi2021#2","study":"ahmadi2021","text":"In the proposed scenarios with decentralized desalination, shifting a portion of job creation and subsidies for desalination and their renewable energy supply from urban areas and reallocating them to rural areas led to a balance in the distribution of benefits and burdens between rural and urban households, while addressing the issue of excluding rural households from the benefits and opportunities provided by renewable-powered desalination projects.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["benefit_distribution","social_equity"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: scenarios with decentralized desalination; subsidies and jobs reallocated from urban to rural areas","note":{"evidence":"led to a balance in the distribution of benefits and burdens between rural and urban households","reading":"reallocation produced a more balanced distribution, a finding of the scenarios","insight":"decentralized designs can reduce rural exclusion when benefits are deliberately redistributed."}}]},{"id":"akerboom2021#1","study":"akerboom2021","text":"Technical, legal and policy uncertainties translates into factors inhibiting CCS investment and so the paper then presents a CCS investment project to illustrate how such risks affect the business case for CCS.","zone":"Method","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["uncertainty","investment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: technical, legal and policy uncertainties","note":{"evidence":"factors inhibiting CCS investment","reading":"uncertainties stated as inhibiting investment","insight":"regulatory and technical uncertainty undermines investor confidence in CCS."}},{"path":["risk","business_case"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how such risks affect the business case","reading":"illustrated through a project example","insight":"risks shape the economic viability of CCS."}}]},{"id":"akerboom2021#2","study":"akerboom2021","text":"Finally, bearing in mind that societal acceptance has proved to be a major barrier for CCS, both in Netherlands and elsewhere, the conditions that enhance public acceptance of CCS are examined.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"societal acceptance has proved to be a major barrier","reading":"lack of acceptance presented as a barrier, coded as acceptance enabling deployment","insight":"acceptance is a prerequisite for CCS."}}]},{"id":"akerboom2021#3","study":"akerboom2021","text":"Our work shows that while CCS is technically a straightforward proposition, its deployment has historically been hindered by the lack of a sound business case and a compelling and stable socio-technical narrative.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["business_case","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"hindered by the lack of a sound business case","reading":"the lack of a business case is noted as a deficit","insight":"economic viability, not technology, limited deployment."}},{"path":["socio-technical_narrative","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"lack of ... a compelling and stable socio-technical narrative","reading":"the narrative deficit is noted","insight":"a stable narrative is needed for deployment."}}]},{"id":"akerboom2021#4","study":"akerboom2021","text":"The introduction of new financial instruments, increased government support and an improvement in social engagement appear to have enhanced the prospects of CCS in Netherlands, but we feel it is premature to assume that this time everything is different.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["financial_instrument","ccs_prospects"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"appear to have enhanced the prospects","reading":"hedged interpretation","insight":"new support raises prospects, but authors remain cautious."}},{"path":["government_support","ccs_prospects"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"increased government support","reading":"hedged with appear","insight":"state backing improves prospects."}},{"path":["social_engagement","ccs_prospects"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"an improvement in social engagement","reading":"hedged with appear","insight":"engagement is seen as improving prospects."}}]},{"id":"alghool2024#1","study":"alghool2024","text":"The proposed framework allows decision makers to assess the potential of these systems using three criteria; namely, cost, carbon dioxide emissions, and noise levels, which are crucial for ensuring the social acceptance of district cooling technologies worldwide.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Three criteria are listed in parallel and assumed jointly crucial; chain compresses them into one bundle.","b":[{"path":["cost","social_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"crucial for ensuring the social acceptance of district cooling technologies","reading":"criteria described as crucial, so prerequisite wording (ENABLES); asserted by authors, not tested","insight":"acceptance of cooling technologies is framed as dependent on economic and environmental performance including noise."}},{"path":["carbon_emissions","social_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"crucial for ensuring the social acceptance of district cooling technologies","reading":"criteria described as crucial, so prerequisite wording (ENABLES); asserted by authors, not tested","insight":"acceptance of cooling technologies is framed as dependent on economic and environmental performance including noise."}},{"path":["noise","social_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"crucial for ensuring the social acceptance of district cooling technologies","reading":"criteria described as crucial, so prerequisite wording (ENABLES); asserted by authors, not tested","insight":"acceptance of cooling technologies is framed as dependent on economic and environmental performance including noise."}}]},{"id":"ali2024#1","study":"ali2024","text":"The study highlights that environmental protection laws and legal limitations are the primary factors affecting site feasibility, in addition to factors such as distance from existing infrastructure and economic considerations.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["environmental_regulation","site_feasibility"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"environmental protection laws and legal limitations are the primary factors affecting site feasibility","reading":"asserted review finding, direction unspecified","insight":"legal and environmental regulation weighs most on whether co-location sites are viable."}},{"path":["infrastructure_distance","site_feasibility"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"distance from existing infrastructure","reading":"secondary factor affecting feasibility","insight":"grid and infrastructure proximity also shapes site viability."}},{"path":["economic_viability","site_feasibility"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"economic considerations","reading":"secondary factor affecting feasibility","insight":"economics acts alongside regulation in site selection."}}]},{"id":"ali2024#2","study":"ali2024","text":"Despite potential benefits, the existing challenges are the early stage of FPV technology and its low resilience in offshore environments.","zone":"Result","obs":"Deployment is the implied outcome of the challenges; the excerpt does not name it.","b":[{"path":["technological_maturity","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: floating PV in offshore environments","note":{"evidence":"the early stage of FPV technology and its low resilience in offshore environments","reading":"lack of maturity is a barrier","insight":"immature floating PV limits offshore co-location despite its benefits."}}]},{"id":"ali2024#3","study":"ali2024","text":"Strategic resource allocation and policy support are essential for overcoming these obstacles and promoting the development of sustainable offshore energy solutions.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy_support","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"policy support are essential for overcoming these obstacles","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so hypothetical","insight":"policy backing is framed as a prerequisite for offshore co-location development."}},{"path":["resource_allocation","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Strategic resource allocation","reading":"prescriptive requirement","insight":"allocation of resources is presented as necessary for development."}}]},{"id":"alkemade2024#1","study":"alkemade2024","text":"The tipping dynamics in wind and solar power create potential for cascading effects to energy demand sectors, including household energy demand.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["tipping_dynamics","energy_demand"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"create potential for cascading effects to energy demand sectors","reading":"potential cascading effect, direction unspecified","insight":"tipping in supply technologies may spill over into demand-side change."}}]},{"id":"alkemade2024#2","study":"alkemade2024","text":"Key enablers are strong regulations incentivising reductions in demand and setting minimum efficiency levels for buildings and appliances.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["regulation","demand_reduction"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Key enablers are strong regulations","reading":"regulations stated as key enablers","insight":"strong regulation is needed for demand-side tipping to occur."}}]},{"id":"alkemade2024#3","study":"alkemade2024","text":"Moreover, these behavioural feedback loops require strong additional policy support to ``make them stick''.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy_support","behavioural_feedback"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"require strong additional policy support","reading":"requirement implies necessity","insight":"behavioural spillovers are not self-sustaining without policy backing."}}]},{"id":"alkemade2024#4","study":"alkemade2024","text":"Ultimately, bridging the gap between these tipping dynamics and institutional reforms is crucial for unlocking the full potential of sustainable energy systems.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Concept names reflect the sentence's tipping dynamics and institutional reforms as prerequisites for the full potential of sustainable energy systems.","b":[{"path":["institutional_reform","tipping_dynamics"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"crucial for unlocking the full potential","reading":"prescriptive claim, so hypothetical","insight":"tipping dynamics need institutional reform to realise their potential."}}]},{"id":"almaraz2024#1","study":"almaraz2024","text":"The inclusion of sustainability criteria is crucial for the adequate design/deployment of resilient hydrogen networks.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["sustainability_criteria","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"crucial for the adequate design/deployment of resilient hydrogen networks","reading":"crucial implies a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"sustainability criteria are framed as a precondition for adequate hydrogen network deployment."}}]},{"id":"alqallaf2022#1","study":"alqallaf2022","text":"Therefore, tackling some of the world's toughest environmental challenges requires widening the scope of education and training to accelerate our energy transition to zero carbon emissions by 2050.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["education_training","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"requires widening the scope of education and training to accelerate our energy transition","reading":"'requires' signals a prerequisite, so ENABLES; presented as established context","insight":"education and training are framed as preconditions for accelerating the energy transition."}}]},{"id":"alrashoud2019#1","study":"alrashoud2019","text":"Social acceptance of solar energy is essential for a successful energy transition.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"essential for a successful energy transition","reading":"essential signals a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"acceptance is framed as a precondition for transition success."}}]},{"id":"alrashoud2019#2","study":"alrashoud2019","text":"However, the perception of relative advantage has a higher correlation with acceptance RSPSs.","zone":"Result","obs":"Correlation is stronger than for the other innovation attributes.","b":[{"path":["relative_advantage","acceptance"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"higher correlation with acceptance","reading":"correlation without causal wording, so RELATES-TO","insight":"perceived relative advantage is the innovation attribute most strongly associated with acceptance."}}]},{"id":"alrashoud2019#3","study":"alrashoud2019","text":"The study also revealed that the installation cost was the most significant barrier to adopting the RSPS, which can be a focus for RSPS dissemination policies.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["installation_cost","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"installation cost was the most significant barrier to adopting","reading":"barrier wording means CONSTRAINS","insight":"upfront cost outweighs other barriers despite highly positive attitudes toward RSPSs."}}]},{"id":"aly2019#1","study":"aly2019","text":"Institutional barriers for the diffusion of large-scale solar power technologies are found to be predominant, and they often trigger financial and technological barriers.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["institutional_barrier","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Institutional barriers for the diffusion of large-scale solar power technologies are found to be predominant","reading":"barriers limit diffusion, so CONSTRAINS","insight":"institutional barriers are the dominant constraint on large-scale solar diffusion."}},{"path":["institutional_barrier","financial_barrier"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"they often trigger financial and technological barriers","reading":"institutional barriers trigger financial barriers","insight":"institutional barriers cascade into financial barriers."}},{"path":["institutional_barrier","technological_barrier"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"they often trigger financial and technological barriers","reading":"institutional barriers trigger technological barriers","insight":"institutional barriers cascade into technological barriers."}}]},{"id":"aly2019#2","study":"aly2019","text":"The study consolidates the view that foreign investment and aid directed to expand electrification in Sub-Saharan Africa need to be reshaped in order to be a driving force towards sustainable energy transition in the region.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["foreign_investment","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"need to be reshaped in order to be a driving force","reading":"a prescription, so Hypothetical","insight":"foreign investment and aid can drive the transition only if reshaped."}}]},{"id":"andolfi2025#1","study":"andolfi2025","text":"Traditional building energy management systems (BEMS) focus primarily on technological advancements but often overlook the influence of occupant behaviour on energy consumption.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["occupant_behaviour","energy_consumption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"influence of occupant behaviour on energy consumption","reading":"stated as established background, direction unspecified","insight":"BEMS design neglects behavioural drivers of consumption, leaving a sociotechnical gap."}}]},{"id":"andolfi2025#2","study":"andolfi2025","text":"These findings suggest that a sociotechnical approach to BEMS design can significantly enhance energy efficiency, offering valuable insights for stakeholders, such as system designers and energy managers.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["sociotechnical_approach","energy_efficiency"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"can significantly enhance energy efficiency","reading":"hedged interpretation of the study's findings (suggest), kept Affirmed","insight":"combining human and technical factors in system design is presented as improving efficiency."}}]},{"id":"andreadou2019#1","study":"andreadou2019","text":"Even if RES are highly acceptable by community members in a certain region, the construction of such a plant may rise conflicts.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["plant_construction","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: even where renewable energy sources are highly acceptable to community members","note":{"evidence":"the construction of such a plant may rise conflicts","reading":"hedged with 'may', so framed as a possibility","insight":"general acceptance of renewables does not guarantee acceptance of a specific plant."}}]},{"id":"andreadou2019#2","study":"andreadou2019","text":"Citizens and local public authorities are usually skeptical about its consequences in local economies, environment, and cityscape.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["blue_energy_plant","citizens"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"usually skeptical about its consequences","reading":"skepticism is stated as an established pattern","insight":"concern about local economic, environmental and cityscape consequences drives skepticism toward plants."}},{"path":["blue_energy_plant","local_authorities"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"local public authorities are usually skeptical","reading":"authorities share the skepticism","insight":"skepticism extends to institutional actors, not only residents."}}]},{"id":"andreadou2019#3","study":"andreadou2019","text":"Tourism, in other words, is one of the main pillars of the MED economy and it has to be as less affected as possible in the creation and operation of blue energy plants.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["blue_energy_plant","tourism"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"has to be as less affected as possible","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so hypothetical","insight":"protecting tourism is a precondition for acceptable blue energy deployment in the Mediterranean."}}]},{"id":"aquino2022#1","study":"aquino2022","text":"The main challenge of hydrogen electrolysis is the high costs of the hydrogen production.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["cost","hydrogen_production"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"main challenge of hydrogen electrolysis is the high costs","reading":"cost framed as a barrier to production, so CONSTRAINS","insight":"economic cost is the primary barrier to hydrogen deployment."}}]},{"id":"aquino2022#2","study":"aquino2022","text":"This will require an appropriate funding schemes, mostly led by public sector and in some cases private sector as well.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"\"This\" refers to deployment and learning-by-doing to reduce electrolyser costs and supply chain logistics.","b":[{"path":["funding_scheme","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"This will require an appropriate funding schemes","reading":"requirement stated for future cost reduction and deployment, so prerequisite and Hypothetical","insight":"appropriate funding, mainly public, is framed as a precondition for scaling."}},{"path":["funding_scheme","public_sector"],"rels":["SUPPORTED-BY"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"mostly led by public sector","reading":"public sector is expected to back funding","insight":"public actors are expected to lead financing of nascent technologies."}}]},{"id":"aquino2022#3","study":"aquino2022","text":"The analysis of the financing structure in Germany, Australia and Brazil shows that the role of the government in this nascent industry is fundamental for its viability.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["government_role","viability"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"role of the government in this nascent industry is fundamental for its viability","reading":"fundamental means prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"government involvement is a necessary condition for nascent green hydrogen viability."}}]},{"id":"aquino2022#4","study":"aquino2022","text":"The results of our model ratifies this perception, where the governmental arm acts in an indispensable route for the feasibility of green hydrogen and consequently reduction of the carbon footprint so as to meet the Paris Agreement and the transition to a neutral economy.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["government_role","feasibility"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"governmental arm acts in an indispensable route for the feasibility of green hydrogen","reading":"indispensable means necessary, so ENABLES","insight":"modelling confirms government as a necessary condition for feasibility."}},{"path":["feasibility","carbon_footprint"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"feasibility of green hydrogen and consequently reduction of the carbon footprint","reading":"feasibility leads to lower footprint","insight":"viability is linked to decarbonisation goals."}}]},{"id":"arenasaquino2017#1","study":"arenasaquino2017","text":"The hypothesis scenario assumes different tendencies for people to accept new energy technologies to promote community's welfare, depending on the marginalization level.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["marginalization","technology_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"depending on the marginalization level","reading":"acceptance tendencies are assumed to vary with marginalization, so the hypothesis gives no direction","insight":"acceptance of new energy technologies is expected to be socially stratified rather than uniform."}}]},{"id":"arenasaquino2017#2","study":"arenasaquino2017","text":"It was found that marginalization level, electric energy costs and new technologies knowledge are factors that influence the municipality energy transition.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["marginalization","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"marginalization level ... factors that influence the municipality energy transition","reading":"asserted finding with no direction given","insight":"social deprivation shapes the feasibility of local energy transition."}},{"path":["energy_cost","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"electric energy costs ... influence the municipality energy transition","reading":"parallel factor, direction unstated","insight":"household energy costs matter for transition feasibility."}},{"path":["technology_knowledge","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"new technologies knowledge ... influence the municipality energy transition","reading":"parallel factor, direction unstated","insight":"knowledge of new technologies is a factor in transition feasibility."}}]},{"id":"ariztia2019#1","study":"ariztia2019","text":"We focus on two specific aspects of this change which proved to be particularly relevant in terms of the adoption of the new heaters: first, the change in the infrastructures and practices of fuel provision and, second, the change in the infrastructures and practices of maintenance and repair.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["fuel_provision","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"particularly relevant in terms of the adoption of the new heaters","reading":"changes in fuel provision and maintenance/repair are found relevant to adoption, direction not given","insight":"adoption of new heaters depends on changes in surrounding infrastructures and practices, not only the device."}},{"path":["maintenance_practice","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"particularly relevant in terms of the adoption of the new heaters","reading":"changes in fuel provision and maintenance/repair are found relevant to adoption, direction not given","insight":"adoption of new heaters depends on changes in surrounding infrastructures and practices, not only the device."}},{"path":["maintenance_practice","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"maintenance and repair","reading":"second aspect relevant to adoption","insight":"repair infrastructures shape uptake of new heaters."}}]},{"id":"ariztia2019#2","study":"ariztia2019","text":"The article ends by suggesting that further understanding of heating ecologies - their dynamics and changes - could be a critical element for explaining the success or failure of low carbon domestic technological transitions and policy intervention.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["heating_ecology","policy_success"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"could be a critical element for explaining the success or failure","reading":"tentative suggestion, hedged with could","insight":"policy outcomes of low carbon transitions may hinge on existing heating ecologies."}}]},{"id":"asayama2017#1","study":"asayama2017","text":"Great expectations have been expressed for carbon capture and storage (CCS) as a key climate change mitigation option, primarily because CCS possesses the political capital to reconcile continued use of fossil fuels with greenhouse gas emissions reduction.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["political_capital","expectation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"primarily because CCS possesses the political capital","reading":"political capital is given as the reason for great expectations","insight":"expectations for CCS rest on its political fit with fossil fuel use rather than on technical performance."}}]},{"id":"asayama2017#2","study":"asayama2017","text":"The results show that all three storylines are strongly in favor of CCS, inflating blind optimism in the technical prospects of CCS while ignoring the many risks and uncertainties around it.","zone":"Result","obs":"Media_Narrative refers to the three storylines identified in Japanese newspapers.","b":[{"path":["media_narrative","optimism"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"inflating blind optimism in the technical prospects of CCS","reading":"favorable storylines inflate optimism","insight":"pro-CCS media narratives foster uncritical optimism while obscuring risks and uncertainties."}},{"path":["media_narrative","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"ignoring the many risks and uncertainties","reading":"narratives ignore risks, so risk visibility is reduced","insight":"narratives marginalize risk and uncertainty."}}]},{"id":"asayama2017#3","study":"asayama2017","text":"Given the complexities of CCS as a socio-technical system, however, the role of media narratives is to enhance broader social learning about CCS.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["media_narrative","social_learning"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the role of media narratives is to enhance broader social learning","reading":"normative prescription about what narratives should do","insight":"media narratives are framed as a means of social learning about complex technologies."}}]},{"id":"asayama2017#4","study":"asayama2017","text":"The paper argues that more plural, balanced, and critical narratives are required to sustain a sound balance between uncertainty and optimism over CCS.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["media_narrative","balance_uncertainty_optimism"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: plural, balanced, critical narratives","note":{"evidence":"narratives are required to sustain a sound balance","reading":"narratives are stated as a prerequisite, a requirement","insight":"balanced public judgement of CCS depends on pluralistic narratives."}}]},{"id":"ashworth2019#1","study":"ashworth2019","text":"One key criticism directed towards CCS has been its inability to gain public support.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["ccs","public_support"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"its inability to gain public support","reading":"criticism framed as CCS failing to attract support","insight":"lack of public support is positioned as a core obstacle to CCS."}}]},{"id":"ashworth2019#2","study":"ashworth2019","text":"However, male respondents, those who perceived themselves to have higher knowledge of CCS, and those who valued economic outcomes over environmental protection were more likely to support CCS - as long as the risks were not perceived to outweigh the benefits.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["knowledge","ccs_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"moderator: risks not perceived to outweigh benefits","note":{"evidence":"higher knowledge of CCS","reading":"self-perceived knowledge goes with more support","insight":"support depends on risk-benefit balance."}},{"path":["economic_value","ccs_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: those valuing economic outcomes over environmental protection; moderator: risks not perceived to outweigh benefits","note":{"evidence":"valued economic outcomes over environmental protection","reading":"economic priority associated with support","insight":"economic framing favours CCS support."}},{"path":["gender","ccs_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: male respondents; moderator: risks not perceived to outweigh benefits","note":{"evidence":"male respondents","reading":"men more likely to support","insight":"support differs by gender."}}]},{"id":"ashworth2019#3","study":"ashworth2019","text":"The results found that for Australians who believed in human-induced climate change they were likely to be unsupportive of CCS.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["climate_change_belief","ccs_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"population: Australians","note":{"evidence":"believed in human-induced climate change they were likely to be unsupportive of CCS","reading":"belief reduces support","insight":"climate concern can reduce rather than raise CCS support."}}]},{"id":"ashworth2019#4","study":"ashworth2019","text":"This opposition appears to be linked to no tolerance for extending fossil fuels as in our factor analysis CCS was aligned to fossil fuels in Australia.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["fossil_fuel_association","ccs_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"population: Australians","note":{"evidence":"no tolerance for extending fossil fuels","reading":"hedged (appears) interpretation of own findings","insight":"perceiving CCS as extending fossil fuels drives opposition."}}]},{"id":"ashworth2019#5","study":"ashworth2019","text":"While there have been some technological advances, without parallel improvements in public acceptance of CCS, it will be difficult to see any commercial projects going forward in the near future.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"without parallel improvements in public acceptance of CCS","reading":"acceptance stated as prerequisite for commercial projects","insight":"technological progress alone is insufficient for CCS deployment."}}]},{"id":"atkinson2024#1","study":"atkinson2024","text":"However, another very important goal of environmental monitoring is to assure stakeholders that the project is monitored for safety and effectiveness.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["environmental_monitoring","stakeholder_assurance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"assure stakeholders that the project is monitored for safety and effectiveness","reading":"monitoring is presented as a means to give assurance","insight":"monitoring serves a communicative role in building stakeholder confidence beyond regulatory compliance."}}]},{"id":"atkinson2024#2","study":"atkinson2024","text":"With current efforts to optimize monitoring for cost-effectiveness, the question remains: will optimization of monitoring approaches degrade stakeholder assurance, or do heavily-instrumented sites communicate higher risk to a stakeholder?","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["monitoring_optimization","stakeholder_assurance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will optimization of monitoring approaches degrade stakeholder assurance","reading":"open question, posed as unresolved","insight":"cost-driven monitoring optimization may trade off against stakeholder confidence."}},{"path":["monitoring_intensity","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: heavily-instrumented sites","note":{"evidence":"do heavily-instrumented sites communicate higher risk","reading":"posed as a question","insight":"visible monitoring could signal danger rather than safety."}}]},{"id":"atkinson2024#3","study":"atkinson2024","text":"We rely on a 2 by 2 factorial experiment in which we manipulate message complexity (complex v. simple) and social norm (support from scientists v. support from community members).","zone":"Method","obs":"Support for CCS is an outcome measured in the survey, stated elsewhere in the abstract.","b":[{"path":["message_complexity","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"manipulate message complexity","reading":"manipulated experimentally, with support for CCS among measured outcomes","insight":"message design may shape CCS support."}},{"path":["social_norm","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"social norm (support from scientists v. support from community members)","reading":"manipulated experimentally","insight":"the source of social endorsement may matter for CCS support."}}]},{"id":"awolesi2024#1","study":"awolesi2024","text":"Utilizing an exhaustive literature search from 2001 to 2023 via the Scopus database, the study identifies strong policy frameworks, technological advancements, economic incentives, and international collaborations as pivotal factors in successful energy transitions.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy_framework","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"strong policy frameworks ... as pivotal factors in successful energy transitions","reading":"pivotal factor wording treated as positive influence","insight":"policy strength is a key driver of transition success."}},{"path":["technological_advancement","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"technological advancements","reading":"parallel factor","insight":"technology progress is one of several convergent drivers."}},{"path":["economic_incentive","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"economic incentives","reading":"parallel factor","insight":"financial incentives are among convergent drivers."}},{"path":["international_collaboration","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"international collaborations","reading":"parallel factor","insight":"cross-border cooperation is among convergent drivers."}}]},{"id":"awolesi2024#2","study":"awolesi2024","text":"Although energy literacy emerges as crucial for public acceptance and participation, fostering informed decision-making and supportive behaviors toward renewable energy initiatives, energy justice ensures equitable access to the benefits of energy transitions, addressing socio-economic impacts on marginalized communities.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_literacy","public_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"energy literacy emerges as crucial for public acceptance and participation","reading":"crucial implies prerequisite","insight":"literacy is framed as necessary for acceptance."}},{"path":["energy_literacy","participation"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"crucial for public acceptance and participation","reading":"prerequisite","insight":"literacy underpins participation."}},{"path":["energy_justice","equitable_access"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"energy justice ensures equitable access to the benefits","reading":"ensures implies enabling","insight":"justice secures fair distribution of benefits."}}]},{"id":"awolesi2024#3","study":"awolesi2024","text":"The study identifies a scarcity of research that articulates and integrates energy literacy and justice concurrently within the purview of energy transition.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_literacy","energy_justice"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"scarcity of research that articulates and integrates energy literacy and justice","reading":"integration is under-researched","insight":"the joint role of literacy and justice remains unresolved."}}]},{"id":"axon2020#1","study":"axon2020","text":"Given the changes to how residents pay for their energy in the study community, from prepayment meters to pay -as -you -use methods, considerations of `efficiency' are debated and framed on the cost of energy rather than from an environmental performance perspective.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["payment_method","efficiency_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Given the changes to how residents pay for their energy","reading":"payment change shapes how efficiency is framed, as cost not environment","insight":"payment arrangements shift efficiency toward cost framing rather than environmental performance."}}]},{"id":"axon2020#2","study":"axon2020","text":"Although the intention of low -carbon energy transitions in low-income communities is to deliver economic and environmental benefits, many unintended social consequences arose from top -down decision -making choices and implementation mechanisms.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["top_down_decision_making","social_consequence"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"many unintended social consequences arose from top -down decision -making","reading":"top-down choices produced unintended adverse effects","insight":"well-intended low-carbon interventions can generate unintended social harms when decisions are top-down."}}]},{"id":"axon2020#3","study":"axon2020","text":"These processes exacerbate economic inequalities and inequities.","zone":"Result","obs":"'These processes' refers to top-down decision-making and implementation mechanisms in the preceding sentence.","b":[{"path":["top_down_decision_making","inequality"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"These processes exacerbate economic inequalities and inequities","reading":"'processes' refers to top-down decisions and implementation","insight":"implementation processes can deepen existing economic inequality in low-income communities."}}]},{"id":"axon2020#4","study":"axon2020","text":"The successful implementation of a decentralised energy system requires more than a technological approach.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Non-technological requirement is made explicit in the next sentence as community engagement.","b":[{"path":["community_engagement","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"requires more than a technological approach","reading":"prerequisite beyond technology","insight":"successful deployment depends on social factors, not just technical delivery."}}]},{"id":"axon2020#5","study":"axon2020","text":"In particular, attention needs to be given to how vulnerable people are affected by pricing and given clear information on how to use the new system.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["pricing","vulnerable_households"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: vulnerable people","note":{"evidence":"how vulnerable people are affected by pricing","reading":"prescriptive need to attend to price effects","insight":"pricing effects on vulnerable groups are central to acceptance outcomes."}}]},{"id":"bade2024#1","study":"bade2024","text":"The literature shows that the relationship between economics, social sciences, and policies and regulations are intrinsic.","zone":"Result","obs":"Economics is coded as economic_viability, matching the review's research areas.","b":[{"path":["economic_viability","policy"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"relationship between economics, social sciences, and policies and regulations are intrinsic","reading":"explicit association without direction","insight":"economic, social and regulatory dimensions of hydrogen are interdependent and cannot be treated separately."}}]},{"id":"bade2024#2","study":"bade2024","text":"The success of GH in the US will require massive investments, public and private collaboration, research on social sciences, and regulatory support.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Success of GH is coded as deployment.","b":[{"path":["investment","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will require massive investments","reading":"a prerequisite stated as requirement for future success","insight":"hydrogen rollout depends on large capital commitments."}},{"path":["public_private_cooperation","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"public and private collaboration","reading":"prerequisite for success","insight":"cooperation across sectors is seen as necessary for rollout."}},{"path":["regulatory_support","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"and regulatory support","reading":"prerequisite for success","insight":"regulatory backing is framed as necessary for hydrogen deployment."}}]},{"id":"bai2023#1","study":"bai2023","text":"(3) Important factors influencing sustainable energy transition in Southeast Asia include political instability, backward economy, uncertain social acceptance, insufficient energy infrastructure, restrictions of geographical conditions, and limited government efforts.","zone":"Result","obs":"The sentence lists several factors; only those matching existing concepts are coded.","b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"uncertain social acceptance","reading":"listed as an important factor influencing the transition, direction unspecified","insight":"uncertain social acceptance is identified as one of several critical factors shaping the regional energy transition."}},{"path":["government_support","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"limited government efforts","reading":"listed as an important factor influencing the transition, direction unspecified","insight":"weak government effort is one of the factors shaping the transition."}}]},{"id":"bailey2011#1","study":"bailey2011","text":"Public concern about the visual and environmental impacts of renewable-energy projects has been a major factor behind the stalling or rejection of many planning applications for on-shore renewables developments.","zone":"Background","obs":"Visual impacts are also named but mapped to the closest existing concept, environmental_impact.","b":[{"path":["environmental_impact","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: on-shore renewables developments","note":{"evidence":"major factor behind the stalling or rejection of many planning applications","reading":"public concern about impacts is stated as hindering project approval","insight":"public concern about impacts can block onshore deployment at the planning stage."}}]},{"id":"bailey2011#2","study":"bailey2011","text":"The findings suggest general public support for wave energy as an economically beneficial method of power generation with few adverse side-effects.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["economic_advantage","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"general public support for wave energy as an economically beneficial method","reading":"support is linked to perceived economic benefit, hedged with 'suggest'","insight":"perceived economic reward appears to accompany support for wave energy."}},{"path":["environmental_impact","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"with few adverse side-effects","reading":"few perceived adverse effects accompany support, so low perceived impact goes with high support","insight":"low perceived side-effects coincide with general support for wave energy."}}]},{"id":"bal2023a#1","study":"bal2023a","text":"We argue that the individual-level perception measures are insufficiently developed within this field, while they are vital for a successful just energy transition.","zone":"Gap","obs":"The concept risk_perception is a poor fit for individual-level perception measures; the closest existing concept was used.","b":[{"path":["risk_perception","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"they are vital for a successful just energy transition","reading":"individual-level perception measures are argued to be a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"underdeveloped perception measures are framed as a bottleneck for a just transition."}}]},{"id":"bal2023a#2","study":"bal2023a","text":"Importantly, for a successful global energy transition, in-depth insight into the principles underlying people's justice judgments is necessary.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["knowledge","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"in-depth insight into the principles underlying people's justice judgments is necessary","reading":"stated requirement, so ENABLES and Hypothetical","insight":"understanding the principles behind justice judgments is positioned as a precondition for global transition success."}}]},{"id":"balest2018#1","study":"balest2018","text":"Local population actions determine the level of renewability of local energy systems in the context of energy transition goals.","zone":"Background","obs":"The concept 'renewability of local energy systems' is generalized to energy_transition.","b":[{"path":["action","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Local population actions determine the level of renewability of local energy systems","reading":"the wording is causal and the effect has no stated direction, so INFLUENCES with sign Unspecified","insight":"local population actions shape how far local energy systems move towards renewability."}}]},{"id":"balest2018#2","study":"balest2018","text":"Local population makes energy choices based on the availability of different territorial resources and limits, i.e. natural or environmental, technological, and social ones.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["resource_allocation","action"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"makes energy choices based on the availability of different territorial resources and limits","reading":"the choices depend on territorial resources and limits, with no direction given","insight":"territorial availability and limits shape local energy choices."}}]},{"id":"barney2022#1","study":"barney2022","text":"It is found that there is a clear shift in rankings towards systems employing offshore technologies due to the inclusion of social criteria specifically fitted to the Islands??? resident???s preferences.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concept social_criteria is not in the existing list; deployment stands for offshore technology system adoption in plans.","b":[{"path":["social_criteria","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: ranking of offshore technology systems","note":{"evidence":"clear shift in rankings towards systems employing offshore technologies due to the inclusion of social criteria","reading":"inclusion of social criteria raised offshore system rankings","insight":"accounting for resident preferences changes which energy systems appear preferable."}}]},{"id":"barney2022#2","study":"barney2022","text":"These findings indicate there is likely value in terms of local acceptance for transition planning on the Islands in adjusting to include greater quantities of offshore technologies in future energy strategies.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: more offshore technologies in future energy strategies","note":{"evidence":"likely value in terms of local acceptance","reading":"hedged implication, not tested directly","insight":"greater offshore inclusion is expected to align plans with local acceptance."}}]},{"id":"bates2023#1","study":"bates2023","text":"We also find that experts clearly articulate the necessary conditions for the diffusion of DACCS more broadly, including explicit regulatory measures as guardrails against a ``license to pollute'' as well as bilateral governance structures that include financial investment.","zone":"Result","obs":"Diffusion of DACCS is mapped to the existing concept deployment.","b":[{"path":["regulation","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"necessary conditions for the diffusion of DACCS more broadly, including explicit regulatory measures","reading":"regulation is described as a necessary condition, so ENABLES","insight":"regulatory guardrails are seen as prerequisites for scaling DACCS, tied to concern about a license to pollute."}},{"path":["investment","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: bilateral governance structures","note":{"evidence":"bilateral governance structures that include financial investment","reading":"financial investment within governance is named as a necessary condition for diffusion","insight":"scaling depends on cross-border governance coupled with finance."}}]},{"id":"bates2023#2","study":"bates2023","text":"Finally, we find that the importance of public acceptance of the technology was noted among all expert groups.","zone":"Result","obs":"The excerpt does not name the outcome explicitly; the link to deployment is inferred from the study's focus on diffusion.","b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"importance of public acceptance of the technology was noted among all expert groups","reading":"the importance is implied as a prerequisite for diffusion, though the excerpt does not name deployment explicitly","insight":"experts across groups see public acceptance as important for DACCS scaling."}}]},{"id":"bauknecht2020#1","study":"bauknecht2020","text":"The analysis shows that depending on the technological dimension assessed a decentralised electricity infrastructure has the potential to increase or decrease overall system costs.","zone":"Result","obs":"Deployment stands for decentralised infrastructure development.","b":[{"path":["deployment","cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"moderator: technological dimension assessed (grid level, location, flexibility, balancing)","note":{"evidence":"has the potential to increase or decrease overall system costs","reading":"decentralisation effect on cost varies by dimension, so direction unspecified","insight":"economic effect of decentralisation is dimension-dependent, not uniformly positive or negative."}}]},{"id":"bauknecht2020#2","study":"bauknecht2020","text":"The analysis highlights the chances to increase participation through increasing technological decentralisation and points towards the important role of the project-initiating actors on the local level who decide whether options for participation are realised and in what manner.","zone":"Result","obs":"Project-initiating actors are mapped loosely to local_authorities.","b":[{"path":["deployment","participation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"chances to increase participation through increasing technological decentralisation","reading":"framed as chances, hedged opportunity","insight":"decentralisation opens participation opportunities but does not guarantee them."}},{"path":["local_authorities","participation"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: local level project-initiating actors","note":{"evidence":"actors on the local level who decide whether options for participation are realised","reading":"local actors are gatekeepers","insight":"realisation of participation depends on local project initiators' decisions."}}]},{"id":"baur2022#1","study":"baur2022","text":"In line with this, technology acceptance is of great importance as resistance from the public can slow down or hinder the construction of energy technology projects.","zone":"Background","obs":"Resistance is the lack of acceptance; the chain is coded through acceptance with the lack noted.","b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","plant_construction"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"resistance from the public can slow down or hinder the construction","reading":"resistance limits construction, so lack of acceptance is coded as a constraint","insight":"public acceptance is a precondition for project realisation, with resistance acting as a barrier."}}]},{"id":"baur2022#2","study":"baur2022","text":"In addition, we discuss which public concerns exist with regard to the respective technologies and how they are more strongly associated with local than general acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["risk_perception","public_acceptance"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: local acceptance more strongly associated than general acceptance","note":{"evidence":"more strongly associated with local than general acceptance","reading":"association without stated direction","insight":"public concerns matter more for local acceptance than for general acceptance."}}]},{"id":"baur2023#1","study":"baur2023","text":"An online survey is conducted by examining the visual impact (location and design) of BS on acceptability.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Visual_impact is a new concept not in the existing list.","b":[{"path":["visual_impact","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"examining the visual impact (location and design) of BS on acceptability","reading":"the study tests the effect of visual impact on acceptability","insight":"acceptability is treated as dependent on visual siting and design characteristics."}}]},{"id":"baur2023#2","study":"baur2023","text":"Adapting the design of BS to its surroundings can help to increase acceptability in residential areas, whereas battery storage design does not significantly influence acceptability in locations further away from homes.","zone":"Result","obs":"Design_adaptation is a new concept.","b":[{"path":["design_adaptation","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: residential areas","note":{"evidence":"Adapting the design of BS to its surroundings can help to increase acceptability in residential areas","reading":"positive effect of design adaptation","insight":"design matters only near homes."}},{"path":["design_adaptation","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: locations further away from homes","note":{"evidence":"does not significantly influence acceptability in locations further away from homes","reading":"non-significant effect","insight":"design effect is location dependent."}}]},{"id":"baur2023#3","study":"baur2023","text":"The findings support the notion that the location and design of BS affect technology acceptability.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","technology_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"location and design of BS affect technology acceptability","reading":"findings support an effect","insight":"siting is a key lever for acceptance."}},{"path":["design_adaptation","technology_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"location and design of BS affect technology acceptability","reading":"design is stated to affect acceptability","insight":"design shapes acceptance alongside location."}}]},{"id":"beauson2022#1","study":"beauson2022","text":"The review highlights the need of solutions addressing the entire value chain and ends with discussing the potentials of circular economy and life cycle engineering to facilitate the implementation of sustainable solutions.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"The chain uses existing concepts as approximations for circular economy and life cycle engineering as approaches and for implementation of sustainable solutions as deployment.","b":[{"path":["sociotechnical_approach","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"potentials of circular economy and life cycle engineering to facilitate the implementation of sustainable solutions","reading":"potential facilitation is stated as a possibility, so Hypothetical","insight":"approaches addressing the whole value chain are framed as possible enablers of implementing sustainable solutions."}}]},{"id":"benard-sora2018#1","study":"benard-sora2018","text":"A key to success is an energy plan with appropriate policy tools.","zone":"Background","obs":"Success is understood in the context of small vulnerable territories adapting to climate change with renewable energy sources and self-sufficiency; the concept energy_transition stands in for success.","b":[{"path":["policy","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"A key to success is an energy plan with appropriate policy tools","reading":"key to success wording implies a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"policy tools within an energy plan are framed as a precondition for successful transition in vulnerable island territories."}}]},{"id":"benard-sora2018#2","study":"benard-sora2018","text":"Are the legislative and policy frameworks sufficient to achieve the energy transition?","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy_framework","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Are the legislative and policy frameworks sufficient to achieve the energy transition?","reading":"an open question about whether frameworks suffice, so Investigated","insight":"the adequacy of legislative and policy frameworks is treated as unresolved rather than assumed."}}]},{"id":"besco2021#1","study":"besco2021","text":"Partisanship is clearly correlated to attitudes towards energy policy in North Dakota, but the relationship is asymmetric by party and issue.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["political_partisanship","attitude"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: North Dakota; subgroup: asymmetric by party and issue","note":{"evidence":"clearly correlated to attitudes towards energy policy","reading":"correlation without stated direction, so RELATES-TO Unspecified","insight":"partisan alignment shapes energy attitudes unevenly across parties and issues."}}]},{"id":"besco2021#2","study":"besco2021","text":"The same asymmetry is not true in Saskatchewan.","zone":"Result","obs":"Refers to the asymmetric partisanship-attitude relationship in the preceding sentence.","b":[{"path":["political_partisanship","attitude"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: Saskatchewan; asymmetry by party and issue","note":{"evidence":"The same asymmetry is not true in Saskatchewan","reading":"explicit absence of the asymmetric partisan relation","insight":"partisan effects on energy attitudes depend on jurisdiction and politicization.\""}}]},{"id":"betti2022#1","study":"betti2022","text":"Marine renewable energies are still under-deployed in the Mediterranean area for many reasons, including legislative constraints, lower energy availability, and technological readiness.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["regulatory_framework","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"under-deployed in the Mediterranean area for many reasons, including legislative constraints","reading":"legislative constraints are stated as a limiter of deployment","insight":"regulation is framed as a barrier to marine renewable deployment, alongside technical factors."}},{"path":["technological_maturity","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"technological readiness","reading":"lack of readiness is noted as a reason for under-deployment, so readiness is coded as a prerequisite","insight":"technological immaturity is a precondition gap for deployment."}}]},{"id":"betti2022#2","study":"betti2022","text":"An appropriate participatory process including all actors (e.g., policymakers, firms, citizens, and researchers) is necessary for a correct path toward decarbonization.","zone":"Background","obs":"Decarbonization is mapped to energy_transition.","b":[{"path":["participation","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"is necessary for a correct path toward decarbonization","reading":"participation is stated as a necessary prerequisite","insight":"inclusive participation is positioned as a precondition for a decarbonization pathway."}}]},{"id":"betti2022#3","study":"betti2022","text":"The results showed that although blue energy is still relatively unknown to the general public (only 42% of respondents were aware of these technologies), there was a general willingness (70%) to host one or more such installations in their areas.","zone":"Result","obs":"Willingness to host installations is treated as acceptance.","b":[{"path":["public_awareness","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"although blue energy is still relatively unknown... there was a general willingness (70%)","reading":"low awareness coexists with willingness, so no clear link","insight":"acceptance can be high despite limited awareness."}}]},{"id":"bhattarai2023#1","study":"bhattarai2023","text":"Almost all past internationally funded and government-subsidized off-grid solar and wind energy projects failed upon discontinuation of funds.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["funding","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"failed upon discontinuation of funds","reading":"project continuation depended on continued funding, so funding is a prerequisite","insight":"donor and subsidy support sustains projects only while it lasts, leaving no durable deployment."}}]},{"id":"bhattarai2023#2","study":"bhattarai2023","text":"The suitability, convenient availability of other feasible alternatives and social acceptance decides the fate of technologies.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Fate of technologies is read as their deployment outcome.","b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"social acceptance decides the fate of technologies","reading":"authors' conclusion from their review and interviews, direction not specified","insight":"acceptance is one of several co-determinants of whether a technology survives."}}]},{"id":"bhattarai2024#1","study":"bhattarai2024","text":"Our study investigates the relatively unexplored relationships between socio-economic factors and perceptions of climate change and their influence on household energy preferences in developing contexts, taking the case of Nepal.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Household energy preferences are mapped to the existing concept attitude; socio-economic factors are not named specifically so no chain was created for them.","b":[{"path":["climate_change_belief","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"their influence on household energy preferences","reading":"climate perceptions examined as influencing energy preferences, mapped to attitude","insight":"climate perception is treated as a possible driver of household energy choices, a relationship described as unexplored."}}]},{"id":"bhattarai2024#2","study":"bhattarai2024","text":"The identified key socio-economic factors include urbanization, education levels, and the availability of energy alternatives indicating a wide disparity in the energy access and use across the different socio-economic categories of Nepal.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["education_training","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"key socio-economic factors include urbanization, education levels","reading":"identified as significant factors in the energy preference models","insight":"education shapes household energy preferences, with disparities across socio-economic categories."}}]},{"id":"bhattarai2024#3","study":"bhattarai2024","text":"Hence, our findings highlight the need for better access to modern energy and financial incentives, mostly to the rural remote areas, and community-awareness initiatives throughout the country supported by comprehensive energy policies for sustainable renewable energy transition at the household level as well as in mitigation of the impacts of climate change.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["electricity_access","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: rural remote areas","note":{"evidence":"need for better access to modern energy and financial incentives","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so Hypothetical","insight":"household renewable transition is presented as dependent on access, incentives and supportive policy."}},{"path":["economic_incentive","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: rural remote areas","note":{"evidence":"need for better access to modern energy and financial incentives","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so Hypothetical","insight":"household renewable transition is presented as dependent on access, incentives and supportive policy."}},{"path":["policy","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: rural remote areas","note":{"evidence":"need for better access to modern energy and financial incentives","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so Hypothetical","insight":"household renewable transition is presented as dependent on access, incentives and supportive policy."}}]},{"id":"bianchini2022#1","study":"bianchini2022","text":"Small machines have traditionally not received the same level of aerodynamic refinement as their larger counterparts, resulting in lower efficiency, lower capacity factors, and therefore a higher cost of energy.","zone":"Background","obs":"Aerodynamic refinement is mapped to technological_maturity.","b":[{"path":["technological_maturity","energy_efficiency"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"not received the same level of aerodynamic refinement","reading":"limited refinement results in lower efficiency","insight":"lower technical refinement of small turbines lowers efficiency, which feeds into higher cost."}},{"path":["energy_efficiency","energy_cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"lower efficiency, lower capacity factors, and therefore a higher cost of energy","reading":"lower efficiency leads to higher energy cost","insight":"technical performance gaps translate into economic disadvantage for small wind."}}]},{"id":"biddau2022#1","study":"biddau2022","text":"Following the PRISMA protocol, we reviewed 404 articles informing how socio-psychological processes affect decarbonization, and vice versa, and highlighting research gaps and biases.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Socio-psychological processes are mapped to social_norm and decarbonization to energy_transition, as no closer existing concepts were available.","b":[{"path":["social_norm","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how socio-psychological processes affect decarbonization, and vice versa","reading":"the review examines the relation without giving an answer","insight":"psychosocial processes are treated as reciprocally linked to decarbonization."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2015#1","study":"bidwell2015","text":"One theme in the literature has been the roles of general attitudes towards renewable energy and perceptions of specific projects in shaping public acceptance of offshore wind farms.","zone":"Background","obs":"Project perceptions are mapped to the closest existing concept, risk_perception.","b":[{"path":["attitude","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: general attitudes towards renewable energy","note":{"evidence":"roles of general attitudes towards renewable energy ... in shaping public acceptance","reading":"literature theme stated as established context","insight":"acceptance is framed as shaped by broad orientations toward renewables, not only project features."}},{"path":["risk_perception","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: perceptions of specific projects","note":{"evidence":"perceptions of specific projects in shaping public acceptance","reading":"project perceptions generalized to the Perception concept","insight":"project-specific perceptions are a parallel route to acceptance."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2015#2","study":"bidwell2015","text":"A survey of 196 residents of two Rhode Island communities that would be most affected by a proposed wind farm off the coast of Block Island reveals that support for the project is shaped by both general attitudes and project-specific beliefs.","zone":"Result","obs":"Project-specific beliefs mapped to expectation.","b":[{"path":["attitude","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: general attitudes towards renewable energy","note":{"evidence":"support for the project is shaped by both general attitudes and project-specific beliefs","reading":"direction not given","insight":"support depends on general attitudes as well as project beliefs."}},{"path":["expectation","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: project-specific beliefs","note":{"evidence":"project-specific beliefs","reading":"beliefs shape support, direction unstated","insight":"project-specific beliefs add explanatory power beyond general attitudes."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2015#3","study":"bidwell2015","text":"General attitudes also have substantial influence on project-specific beliefs.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["attitude","expectation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: general attitudes on project-specific beliefs","note":{"evidence":"General attitudes also have substantial influence on project-specific beliefs","reading":"direct influence claim","insight":"general attitudes act indirectly through project beliefs as well as directly on support."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2015#4","study":"bidwell2015","text":"Planning processes should engage the public in discussions of both specific project characteristics and larger issues regarding renewable energy.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"The link to acceptance is implied by the study's findings.","b":[{"path":["public_engagement","public_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Planning processes should engage the public","reading":"recommendation, not tested","insight":"engagement should address both project specifics and broader renewable issues."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2016#1","study":"bidwell2016","text":"This model assumes that public opposition to technology is based on a lack of quality information.","zone":"Background","obs":"Assumption attributed to the information-deficit model.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"public opposition to technology is based on a lack of quality information","reading":"the deficit is coded with the knowledge relation, and the model's assumption is untested here","insight":"the deficit model treats opposition as an information problem rather than a values problem."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2016#2","study":"bidwell2016","text":"Although social science has been critical of the information-deficit model, providing information to the public can influence both the substance and quality of attitudes.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["knowledge","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"providing information to the public can influence both the substance and quality of attitudes","reading":"asserted as established despite criticism of the model","insight":"information can matter for attitudes even where the deficit model is criticised."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2016#3","study":"bidwell2016","text":"Compared with a control group, participants who attended information sessions exhibited greater change in both their general support for wind energy and the strength of those attitudes.","zone":"Result","obs":"Information is operationalised as the in-depth information sessions.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: participants attending information sessions versus control group","note":{"evidence":"greater change in both their general support for wind energy","reading":"the change direction is not stated","insight":"information sessions shifted support and attitude strength relative to a control group."}},{"path":["knowledge","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: participants attending information sessions versus control group","note":{"evidence":"the strength of those attitudes","reading":"attitude strength changed more with information","insight":"information strengthens attitudes beyond shifting support."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2017#1","study":"bidwell2017","text":"Wind turbines located in the ocean contribute to the ongoing global transition to renewable sources of electricity, but further expansion of this technology will depend as much on social acceptance as on technological know-how.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"further expansion of this technology will depend as much on social acceptance","reading":"dependency wording gives ENABLES with acceptance as prerequisite","insight":"expansion of offshore wind is framed as socially contingent as well as technical."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2017#2","study":"bidwell2017","text":"This article explores how underlying values and beliefs about the ocean influence public support for offshore wind energy.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Concept knowledge is a loose proxy for values and ocean beliefs.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how underlying values and beliefs about the ocean influence public support","reading":"research question about an effect, direction unspecified","insight":"acceptance is examined through deeper value and belief structures.\""}}]},{"id":"bidwell2017#3","study":"bidwell2017","text":"The results indicate that ocean beliefs and underlying values have direct and indirect associations with expectations and support for an offshore wind energy project development.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concept knowledge stands in for ocean beliefs and underlying values.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","expectation"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"direct and indirect associations with expectations","reading":"association without stated direction","insight":"beliefs and values shape anticipated project impacts."}},{"path":["knowledge","public_support"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"associations with expectations and support","reading":"association with unspecified direction","insight":"support is tied to underlying beliefs and values."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2017#4","study":"bidwell2017","text":"These findings provide insights into objections that arise over offshore wind farms, by acknowledging that the probability of conflict increases when one interpretation of the marine environment is imposed on people holding different beliefs about the ocean.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["top_down_decision_making","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: people holding different beliefs about the ocean","note":{"evidence":"probability of conflict increases when one interpretation of the marine environment is imposed","reading":"imposed interpretation raises conflict","insight":"conflict stems from clashing ocean meanings imposed on people, not only project features."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2022#1","study":"bidwell2022","text":"Distributive fairness influences public acceptance of renewable energy technologies.","zone":"Background","obs":"Distributive fairness is mapped to the existing concept energy_justice.","b":[{"path":["energy_justice","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Distributive fairness influences public acceptance","reading":"stated as established context, no direction given","insight":"fairness in distribution is treated as a basis of acceptance."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2022#2","study":"bidwell2022","text":"Concerns about distributive fairness contribute to opposition to export of electricity and public preferences for electricity to be consumed near its production.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_justice","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: export of electricity to other places","note":{"evidence":"contribute to opposition to export of electricity","reading":"fairness concerns drive opposition","insight":"acceptance depends on where the electricity is used, not only on its production."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2022#3","study":"bidwell2022","text":"Residents of Rhode Island prefer the use of electricity produced off their shores by the state of Massachusetts over New York; residents of New Hampshire prefer for Maine to consume energy over Massachusetts.","zone":"Result","obs":"Regionalism is loosely mapped to social_norm because no closer existing concept applies.","b":[{"path":["social_norm","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: residents of Rhode Island; New Hampshire","note":{"evidence":"prefer the use of electricity produced off their shores by the state of Massachusetts over New York","reading":"regional preferences shape support for electricity use by other states","insight":"subnational regionalism shapes which destinations for offshore wind power are accepted."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2023#1","study":"bidwell2023","text":"Decision makers frequently voice concerns regarding potential impacts of offshore wind development to coastal tourism; yet, little research has tracked tourists' attitudes towards an offshore wind project over time.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Concerns are attributed to decision makers.","b":[{"path":["deployment","tourism"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"concerns regarding potential impacts of offshore wind development to coastal tourism","reading":"concern voiced about a potential effect, so hypothetical and unsigned","insight":"tourism impact fears persist although tourists' attitudes over time are little studied."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2023#2","study":"bidwell2023","text":"A novel two-item measure reveals increased levels of acceptance over time and positive correlations between acceptance and having seen construction activities or the completed project.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["plant_construction","acceptance"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: tourists who saw construction activities or the completed project","note":{"evidence":"positive correlations between acceptance and having seen construction activities or the completed project","reading":"correlation, not causal wording","insight":"direct exposure to the project goes with higher acceptance rather than lower."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2023#3","study":"bidwell2023","text":"Regression and path analyses are consistent with values-beliefsnorms (VBN) theory, with underlying values (particularly altruism) and beliefs about the ocean and effects of the wind energy development explaining a substantial share of tourists' acceptance of the project.","zone":"Result","obs":"Values and beliefs are summarized here as the concept attitude.","b":[{"path":["attitude","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"moderator: values, particularly altruism; beliefs about the ocean and effects of the development","note":{"evidence":"explaining a substantial share of tourists' acceptance of the project","reading":"values and beliefs explain acceptance, consistent with VBN","insight":"acceptance rests on deeper values and beliefs rather than narrow preferences."}}]},{"id":"bidwell2023#4","study":"bidwell2023","text":"These findings suggest that rather than following narrow desires for an uninterrupted seascape, tourists' responses to offshore wind energy developments are influenced by deeper beliefs and guiding principles.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["attitude","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"influenced by deeper beliefs and guiding principles","reading":"hedged interpretation of findings, so affirmed","insight":"acceptance is driven by deeper beliefs, not only by seascape preservation."}}]},{"id":"bilgin2024#1","study":"bilgin2024","text":"The insights derived from the study aim to guide decision-makers in formulating policies for the transition.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"The concept knowledge stands for the study's insights on societal perception.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","policy"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"aim to guide decision-makers in formulating policies","reading":"the study's insights are intended to enable policy formulation, a prospective aim","insight":"public perception monitoring is framed as a prerequisite input for transition policymaking."}}]},{"id":"billing2022#1","study":"billing2022","text":"The majority distrusted regulators to control environmental impacts of the technology.","zone":"Result","obs":"Regulators are mapped to local_authorities as the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["environmental_impact","local_authorities"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"distrusted regulators to control environmental impacts","reading":"weak fit, distrust of regulators coded as contested control of impacts","insight":"low trust in regulators may undermine social licence for offshore multi-use installations."}}]},{"id":"billing2022#2","study":"billing2022","text":"We interpreted the findings in a conceptual framework that combines theory for SLO with theory for Action Situations, hypothesising that a community's diffuse and perhaps heterogenous opinions might `crystalise' around an issue during an Action Situation.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["action","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"opinions might `crystalise' around an issue during an Action Situation","reading":"hypothesised effect of an Action Situation on community opinion formation","insight":"community opinions may be diffuse until a concrete deployment event focuses them."}}]},{"id":"biresselioglu2020#1","study":"biresselioglu2020","text":"A successful energy transition relies on multi-faceted dynamics.","zone":"Background","obs":"The concept multi_faceted_dynamics is new; no existing concept fits.","b":[{"path":["multi-faceted_dynamics","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"A successful energy transition relies on multi-faceted dynamics","reading":"'relies on' signals a prerequisite, so ENABLES with dependency first","insight":"transition success is framed as depending on broad dynamics rather than goals and policies alone."}}]},{"id":"biresselioglu2020#2","study":"biresselioglu2020","text":"Therefore, in addition to communication, a significant role in enabling energy transition is played by personal and social factors, which should be considered in policy-making.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"a significant role in enabling energy transition is played by personal and social factors","reading":"the authors assert an enabling role based on their findings","insight":"beyond communication, personal and social factors are needed for the transition."}},{"path":["communication","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"in addition to communication","reading":"communication is implied as an enabler alongside the other factors","insight":"communication alone is not sufficient to enable the transition."}}]},{"id":"biresselioglu2022#1","study":"biresselioglu2022","text":"Overall, women have higher levels of awareness, readiness for action, and action.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["gender","public_awareness"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: women","note":{"evidence":"women have higher levels of awareness","reading":"gender is associated with higher awareness","insight":"gender differences shape engagement with smart energy initiatives."}},{"path":["gender","action"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: women","note":{"evidence":"higher levels of ... action","reading":"women show higher action levels","insight":"gender differences extend from awareness to behaviour."}}]},{"id":"biresselioglu2022#2","study":"biresselioglu2022","text":"For both Western and Eastern European countries, education level and income level are important factors for smart energy adoption, with education levels proving to be more significant for East European countries.","zone":"Result","obs":"Income level is mapped to the closest existing concept, economic_incentive.","b":[{"path":["education_training","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: more significant in East European countries","note":{"evidence":"education level ... important factors for smart energy adoption","reading":"importance asserted without direction","insight":"education matters more in Eastern Europe."}},{"path":["economic_incentive","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"moderator: income level","note":{"evidence":"income level ... important factors","reading":"income is treated as an important factor","insight":"socioeconomic position shapes smart energy adoption."}}]},{"id":"biresselioglu2024#1","study":"biresselioglu2024","text":"It extensively investigates the factors driving resistance across micro, meso, and macro levels, specifically focusing on three technology categories: consumer technologies, renewable energy, and smart energy systems.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Weak item: the factors are unnamed, kept because it states resistance to the transition.","b":[{"path":["energy_transition","citizens"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"investigates the factors driving resistance","reading":"weak fit, factors unnamed","insight":"resistance to the transition is examined across levels."}}]},{"id":"blecic2024#1","study":"blecic2024","text":"A major problem identified is that traditional governance tools for establishing Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) often prioritize the technical aspect rather than encouraging active stakeholder involvement.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["regulatory_framework","participation"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"traditional governance tools ... prioritize the technical aspect rather than encouraging active stakeholder involvement","reading":"governance tools are framed as limiting involvement","insight":"technically oriented governance can crowd out the participation that energy communities need."}}]},{"id":"blecic2024#2","study":"blecic2024","text":"We will argue that this method of engagement influences the extent to which parties can or cannot engage in the whole framework of collective management of Energy Communities.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["community_engagement","participation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"this method of engagement influences the extent to which parties can or cannot engage","reading":"the authors' proposed argument, direction unspecified","insight":"the design of the engagement method shapes who is included in or excluded from collective energy management."}}]},{"id":"blumer2018#1","study":"blumer2018","text":"Energy system transitions in democracies require that national interests and central planning are reconciled with the public's preferences.","zone":"Background","obs":"Public preferences are mapped to public_support.","b":[{"path":["public_support","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: democracies","note":{"evidence":"require that national interests and central planning are reconciled with the public's preferences","reading":"requirement wording gives ENABLES with public preferences as prerequisite","insight":"transitions in democracies depend on aligning central planning with public preferences."}}]},{"id":"blumer2018#2","study":"blumer2018","text":"We investigate these questions empirically with a survey (N = 640), focusing on understanding the role lay-people's expectations about the future energy system, political ideology, and future orientation play in generating support for these two levels of public support and for two technologies with different characteristics.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Political ideology is mapped to political_partisanship; future orientation is not given a concept.","b":[{"path":["expectation","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"expectations about the future energy system","reading":"role in generating support is examined without a stated answer","insight":"expectations are tested as a driver of support at both strategy and technology levels."}},{"path":["political_partisanship","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"political ideology","reading":"ideology examined as a driver of support, direction unspecified","insight":"ideology is treated as a candidate driver of support."}}]},{"id":"blumer2018#3","study":"blumer2018","text":"We find that while support for an energy transition is well explained by above factors, this is true to a much lesser extent for technology support.","zone":"Result","obs":"The factors are expectations, ideology and future orientation, referenced as 'above factors'.","b":[{"path":["expectation","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: support for energy transition (strong explanation) versus technology support (much weaker)","note":{"evidence":"well explained by above factors","reading":"the factors explain transition support well and technology support far less","insight":"the same drivers explain strategy-level support far better than technology-level support."}}]},{"id":"blumer2018#4","study":"blumer2018","text":"One conclusion is that support for an energy transition and for energy technologies is politicized to varying degrees, which is why their acceptability may be less shaped by their objective characteristics, but rather by subjective perceptions and beliefs the public holds towards them.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Subjective perceptions are loosely mapped to risk_perception.","b":[{"path":["risk_perception","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"shaped by ... subjective perceptions and beliefs","reading":"hedged with 'may', presented as speculative explanation","insight":"acceptability may rest on subjective beliefs more than on objective technology characteristics."}}]},{"id":"bohm2018#1","study":"bohm2018","text":"The free associations that people generate suggest that they have vague and unspecific knowledge about energy transition pathways, that they process them in an automatic and intuitive rather than deliberative manner, and that they have clear affective evaluations of the presented components.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["knowledge","energy_transition"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"vague and unspecific knowledge about energy transition pathways","reading":"findings suggest, hedged but Affirmed","insight":"public perception of transition pathways rests on thin knowledge combined with clear affective evaluations."}}]},{"id":"bolwig2020#1","study":"bolwig2020","text":"The results indicate that if low social acceptance were to restrict investments in onshore wind power, costlier solar photovoltaics and offshore wind power would step in.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","investment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: scenario of low social acceptance restricting onshore wind investment","note":{"evidence":"low social acceptance were to restrict investments in onshore wind power","reading":"scenario-based modelling result, acceptance treated as prerequisite for investment","insight":"low acceptance shifts the energy mix toward costlier alternatives."}}]},{"id":"bolwig2020#2","study":"bolwig2020","text":"There are important distributional effects: no restrictions on transmission line investments benefit power producers while raising consumer prices in the Nordic-Baltic energy region, while very low social acceptance of onshore wind power would lead to 12% higher consumer costs.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","energy_cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: very low acceptance of onshore wind power; population: consumers","note":{"evidence":"very low social acceptance of onshore wind power would lead to 12% higher consumer costs","reading":"modelled scenario effect","insight":"low acceptance carries distributional costs borne by consumers."}}]},{"id":"bolwig2020#3","study":"bolwig2020","text":"The results imply that socio-technical and political factors such as social acceptance may significantly affect transition pathway scenarios based on techno-economic variables alone.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"social acceptance may significantly affect transition pathway scenarios","reading":"hedged interpretation of findings","insight":"techno-economic pathways alone omit acceptance effects that can alter outcomes."}}]},{"id":"boomsma2020#1","study":"boomsma2020","text":"Societal opposition has the potential to slow down the implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS).","zone":"Background","obs":"Societal opposition is mapped to the existing concept citizens as the opposing actor.","b":[{"path":["ccs_deployment","citizens"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Societal opposition has the potential to slow down the implementation","reading":"opposition by society is an actor-based resistance to CCS","insight":"societal opposition is framed as a risk to CCS rollout."}}]},{"id":"boomsma2020#2","study":"boomsma2020","text":"One of the difficulties is that the perceived benefits associated with a CCS facility for local communities tend to be low compared to its perceived burdens.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["benefit_distribution","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: local communities near a CCS facility","note":{"evidence":"perceived benefits ... tend to be low compared to its perceived burdens","reading":"the imbalance is presented as a difficulty for acceptance, implicitly","insight":"acceptance depends on perceived balance of benefits and burdens."}}]},{"id":"boomsma2020#3","study":"boomsma2020","text":"As is the case for other low carbon technologies, community compensation (or community benefits) has been suggested as a way to restore this perceived imbalance.","zone":"Background","obs":"Community compensation is mapped to economic_incentive.","b":[{"path":["economic_incentive","benefit_distribution"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"has been suggested as a way to restore this perceived imbalance","reading":"compensation is proposed as a remedy, not shown","insight":"compensation is framed as rebalancing perceived benefits and burdens."}}]},{"id":"borragan2024#1","study":"borragan2024","text":"Intrinsic psycho-behavioural drivers like norms, hedonic motivation, social influence, and technology awareness emerge as pivotal for DER adoption.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_norm","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"emerge as pivotal for DER adoption","reading":"pivotal drivers read as positive influence","insight":"user-dependent psychological factors are central to household DER uptake."}},{"path":["public_awareness","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"technology awareness emerge as pivotal","reading":"awareness of technology treated as a driver","insight":"awareness supports adoption alongside social factors."}}]},{"id":"borragan2024#2","study":"borragan2024","text":"While extrinsic factors like financial incentives, ownership models, and comfort consistently motivate uptake, certain DERs face barriers from technology attributes and costs.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["economic_incentive","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"financial incentives... consistently motivate uptake","reading":"motivating effect is positive","insight":"contextual financial factors consistently promote adoption."}},{"path":["cost","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: certain DERs","note":{"evidence":"certain DERs face barriers from technology attributes and costs","reading":"costs act as barriers","insight":"barriers are technology-specific rather than universal."}}]},{"id":"boso2017#1","study":"boso2017","text":"The article uses two complementary theoretical approaches, the Multilevel perspective (MLP) and the Theory of Social Practices (TPS) to describe the existence of lock-in mechanisms for sustainable transition processes, both at institutional level and at the level of social practices through which heating is organized.","zone":"Aim","obs":"The concept heating_ecology is used as the closest existing concept for heating practices.","b":[{"path":["institutional_barrier","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: institutional level lock-in mechanisms","note":{"evidence":"lock-in mechanisms for sustainable transition processes","reading":"lock-in is read as a barrier limiting the transition, described at the institutional level","insight":"institutional lock-in hinders pro-environmental energy transitions, alongside practice-level lock-in."}},{"path":["heating_ecology","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: social practices through which heating is organized","note":{"evidence":"lock-in mechanisms ... at the level of social practices through which heating is organized","reading":"practice-level lock-in is a barrier to transition","insight":"household heating practices can entrench existing systems and impede change."}}]},{"id":"boso2020#1","study":"boso2020","text":"The narrative dichotomy between hero and horror stories emerges as a social mechanism capable of slowing the diffusion of emerging energy technologies.","zone":"Result","obs":"Diffusion of emerging technologies is coded as adoption.","b":[{"path":["media_narrative","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"social mechanism capable of slowing the diffusion of emerging energy technologies","reading":"narratives are said to slow diffusion, so a constraint","insight":"hero and horror narratives can hinder uptake of new energy technologies as a social mechanism."}}]},{"id":"boso2020#2","study":"boso2020","text":"The results show the relevance of early events in energy transitions in the development of these transitions.","zone":"Result","obs":"Early events are coded as action.","b":[{"path":["action","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"relevance of early events in energy transitions in the development of these transitions","reading":"early events matter for later development, with no direction given","insight":"early events shape how energy transitions later unfold."}}]},{"id":"bouramdane2023#1","study":"bouramdane2023","text":"We find that the ``Effectiveness and Risk Management'' criterion carries the highest weight (15.28%), underscoring its pivotal role in strategy evaluation and robustness.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concept policy_success stands in for strategy evaluation; the sentence does not name a more precise existing concept.","b":[{"path":["risk","policy_success"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"carries the highest weight (15.28%)","reading":"effectiveness and risk management criterion weighted highest in AHP, so it drives strategy evaluation","insight":"risk management dominates how smart city water strategies are judged."}}]},{"id":"bouramdane2024#1","study":"bouramdane2024","text":"Stakeholder perspectives significantly influence technology performance and suitability, with the study underscoring the importance of renewable penetration scenarios, climate change adaptation, and regional suitability.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concepts stakeholder_perspective and technology_performance are new concepts.","b":[{"path":["stakeholder_perspective","technology_performance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Stakeholder perspectives significantly influence technology performance and suitability","reading":"asserted finding with unsigned effect","insight":"stakeholder views shape how technologies are ranked, so suitability is not purely technical."}}]},{"id":"braunreiter2017#1","study":"braunreiter2017","text":"The results indicate that CCS would require a significant change within the business strategy of fossil fuel companies.","zone":"Result","obs":"The concept 'policy' is used as the closest existing concept for business strategy.","b":[{"path":["policy","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"CCS would require a significant change within the business strategy","reading":"change in business strategy is stated as a requirement for CCS, so ENABLES","insight":"CCS is not a non-disruptive option for incumbents; it depends on strategic change."}}]},{"id":"braunreiter2017#2","study":"braunreiter2017","text":"In several cases, CCS engagement has served the strategic need to weaken the link between fossil fuel extraction and climate change, build up shareholder trust, and improve public perception.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["ccs","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"improve public perception","reading":"CCS engagement is used strategically to improve perception","insight":"companies engage in CCS partly for reputational reasons rather than operational value."}}]},{"id":"braunreiter2020#1","study":"braunreiter2020","text":"Besides being a decision support instrument for policy-makers, energy scenarios are widely recognized as a way of shaping the expectations of experts and of influencing energy policy more generally.","zone":"Background","obs":"The concept energy_scenario is new and not in the existing project concepts.","b":[{"path":["energy_scenario","expectation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"population: experts","note":{"evidence":"shaping the expectations of experts and of influencing energy policy","reading":"widely recognized effect, direction unspecified","insight":"scenarios are seen as shaping expert expectations and policy, not only as neutral decision support."}},{"path":["energy_scenario","policy"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"population: experts","note":{"evidence":"shaping the expectations of experts and of influencing energy policy","reading":"widely recognized effect, direction unspecified","insight":"scenarios are seen as shaping expert expectations and policy, not only as neutral decision support."}}]},{"id":"braunreiter2020#2","study":"braunreiter2020","text":"However, relatively little is known about how energy scenarios shape preferences and expectations of the public.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_scenario","expectation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"population: public","note":{"evidence":"little is known about how energy scenarios shape preferences and expectations of the public","reading":"unresolved relation framed as a gap","insight":"the scenario effect on public expectations is unexplored, unlike for experts."}}]},{"id":"braunreiter2020#3","study":"braunreiter2020","text":"We identified four significantly different clusters of people with distinct expectations about the future energy system, each seeing different implications for the acceptability of energy policies and the compatibility with projections of techno-economic energy scenarios.","zone":"Result","obs":"Acceptance here refers to the acceptability of energy policies.","b":[{"path":["expectation","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: four expectation clusters","note":{"evidence":"each seeing different implications for the acceptability of energy policies","reading":"expectation clusters differ in implications for policy acceptability","insight":"public expectations of the energy system are heterogeneous and carry different implications for policy acceptability."}}]},{"id":"braunreiter2020#4","study":"braunreiter2020","text":"Cluster 2 also expects an energy transition, but believes it will lead to a range of technical challenges, societal conflicts and controversies with neighboring countries.","zone":"Result","obs":"The transition-conflict link is a belief of cluster 2, not a tested causal effect.","b":[{"path":["energy_transition","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: cluster 2","note":{"evidence":"believes it will lead to a range of technical challenges, societal conflicts","reading":"expectation held by cluster 2 members, not a measured effect","insight":"some publics expect the transition to bring conflicts and challenges even while expecting it to happen."}}]},{"id":"bruckmann2024#1","study":"bruckmann2024","text":"However, individual installations of PV systems are limited to property owners, excluding most tenants.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["property_ownership","pv_adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: tenants","note":{"evidence":"limited to property owners, excluding most tenants","reading":"ownership limits who can install PV","insight":"tenants are structurally excluded from individual PV adoption, motivating inclusive models."}}]},{"id":"bruckmann2024#2","study":"bruckmann2024","text":"The results show that projects with material reimbursement, a public or community provider, and proximity to local infrastructure are most likely to berated positively and chosen in a choice task.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["economic_incentive","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: material reimbursement design","note":{"evidence":"material reimbursement ... most likely to be rated positively","reading":"design feature raises socio-political acceptance","insight":"financial return features make citizen-financed PV more appealing to tenants."}},{"path":["public_sector","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: public or community provider","note":{"evidence":"a public or community provider","reading":"provider type raises acceptance","insight":"non-commercial providers are preferred."}},{"path":["infrastructure_distance","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: proximity to local infrastructure","note":{"evidence":"proximity to local infrastructure","reading":"siting near infrastructure raises acceptance","insight":"siting on existing infrastructure aids acceptance."}}]},{"id":"bruckmann2024#3","study":"bruckmann2024","text":"Ideological predispositions are strongly correlated with these indicators of socio-political acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":"Ideological predispositions mapped to political_partisanship.","b":[{"path":["political_partisanship","acceptance"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"strongly correlated","reading":"correlation without stated direction","insight":"socio-political acceptance of CiFi PV is ideologically patterned."}}]},{"id":"bruckmann2024#4","study":"bruckmann2024","text":"Conversely, the analyses also reveal that project design cannot explain concrete investment intentions.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["design_adaptation","investment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"project design cannot explain concrete investment intentions","reading":"explicit absence of effect","insight":"design drives socio-political acceptance but not market acceptance."}}]},{"id":"bruckmann2024#5","study":"bruckmann2024","text":"However, targeted communication can enhance the willingness to invest in CiFi PV among those with lower propensities to invest.","zone":"Result","obs":"Targeted communication is coded as community_engagement, the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["community_engagement","investment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: those with lower propensities to invest","note":{"evidence":"targeted communication can enhance the willingness to invest","reading":"communication raises willingness","insight":"communication works for the least inclined investors."}}]},{"id":"bruckmann2024#6","study":"bruckmann2024","text":"This approach has the potential to increase investment intentions among politically right-leaning individuals, while it does not appear to significantly deter left-leaning and centrist individuals.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["community_engagement","investment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: politically right-leaning individuals; setting: collective framing","note":{"evidence":"potential to increase investment intentions among politically right-leaning individuals","reading":"hedged finding","insight":"collective framing mobilises right-leaning tenants without alienating others."}}]},{"id":"brunet2022#1","study":"brunet2022","text":"Our results give us the opportunity to identify the role of governments in enhancing solar PV sustainability for poverty alleviation.","zone":"Result","obs":"Sustainability_criteria stands in for solar PV sustainability.","b":[{"path":["government_role","sustainability_criteria"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"role of governments in enhancing solar PV sustainability","reading":"governments are said to enhance sustainability, so INFLUENCES positive","insight":"state action is presented as a lever for making solar PV deliver sustainability benefits."}}]},{"id":"brunet2022#2","study":"brunet2022","text":"According to the sustainability model derived from our results based on contextual and structural variables, we found that, unless appropriate adjustments are made, grid-connected photovoltaic solar power plants have a limited impact on sustainable development and poverty abatement, especially at the local level.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Economic_value is used loosely for development and poverty abatement benefits.","b":[{"path":["design_adaptation","economic_value"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: especially at the local level","note":{"evidence":"unless appropriate adjustments are made","reading":"adjustments are a prerequisite for greater impact on development and poverty abatement","insight":"PV plants alone deliver limited local benefits without adjustments."}}]},{"id":"brunsting2013#1","study":"brunsting2013","text":"Lack of societal acceptance of energy (transition) technologies is often attributed to a lack of knowledge among the public.","zone":"Background","obs":"The attribution is made by others, not tested here.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Lack of societal acceptance of energy (transition) technologies is often attributed to a lack of knowledge","reading":"established attribution in the literature, coded with the lack noted under knowledge's own relation","insight":"knowledge deficit is a common explanation of low acceptance."}}]},{"id":"brunsting2013#2","study":"brunsting2013","text":"The underlying assumption is that more knowledge improves attitudes about a technology.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["knowledge","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"more knowledge improves attitudes about a technology","reading":"an assumption presented as the premise to be tested","insight":"the knowledge deficit model assumes a positive knowledge-attitude link."}}]},{"id":"brunsting2013#3","study":"brunsting2013","text":"This assumption will be tested in this paper by examining the influence of the scores on a CCS Knowledge Test on attitudes towards CO2 capture and storage (CCS).","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["knowledge","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"examining the influence of the scores on a CCS Knowledge Test on attitudes towards CO2 capture and storage","reading":"tested relation with no answer given","insight":"the knowledge deficit assumption is empirically tested for CCS."}}]},{"id":"brunsting2013#4","study":"brunsting2013","text":"Furthermore the paper will examine the influence of perceptions of CCS (ideas that cannot be deemed `true' or `false') on attitude towards CCS and will analyse how knowledge and perceptions jointly influence attitude as well as in interaction.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Perceptions are mapped to the existing concept risk_perception as the closest match.","b":[{"path":["risk_perception","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"joint with: knowledge","note":{"evidence":"influence of perceptions of CCS ... on attitude towards CCS","reading":"perceptions examined as a separate predictor","insight":"perceptions are non-factual ideas that may shape attitude beyond knowledge."}},{"path":["knowledge","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"joint with: perceptions; moderator: perceptions","note":{"evidence":"how knowledge and perceptions jointly influence attitude as well as in interaction","reading":"joint and interaction effects examined","insight":"knowledge effects may depend on perceptions."}}]},{"id":"buchmann2023#1","study":"buchmann2023","text":"In this paper, we develop a Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) base indicator system to steer the design of innovations in the field of energy transition innovations and, thus, improve social acceptance of these innovations.","zone":"Aim","obs":"The RRI indicator system is mapped to the existing concept sociotechnical_approach.","b":[{"path":["sociotechnical_approach","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"steer the design of innovations ... and, thus, improve social acceptance","reading":"the RRI indicator system is proposed as a means to improve acceptance, an untested expectation","insight":"responsible design of innovations is framed as a route to social acceptance."}}]},{"id":"buchmayr2021#1","study":"buchmayr2021","text":"The effect of such local experiences on the overall evaluation of energy technologies was investigated using ordinal regression models.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Concept occupant_behaviour is used as the closest existing concept for local personal experiences; no better match exists.","b":[{"path":["occupant_behaviour","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"effect of such local experiences on the overall evaluation of energy technologies","reading":"effect of local experiences on technology evaluation examined, no answer given","insight":"local experience is treated as a possible driver of technology attitudes."}}]},{"id":"buchmayr2021#2","study":"buchmayr2021","text":"In all investigated energy neighborhoods, the personal relationship of the participants to the landscape was a significant predictor of technology attitude.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["place_attachment","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"personal relationship of the participants to the landscape was a significant predictor of technology attitude","reading":"predictive wording, direction not given","insight":"attachment to landscape consistently predicts technology attitudes across all four facility types."}}]},{"id":"buchmayr2021#3","study":"buchmayr2021","text":"This points to the importance of investigating place attachment rather than pure visibility to understand the acceptability of land use for energy provision.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["place_attachment","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"importance of investigating place attachment rather than pure visibility","reading":"author interpretation that place attachment matters for acceptability","insight":"place attachment explains acceptability better than visibility alone."}}]},{"id":"buchmayr2022#1","study":"buchmayr2022","text":"This transition may come with potentially negative impacts on the well-being of the population, both globally and locally.","zone":"Background","obs":"Well-being impacts are coded as social_consequence.","b":[{"path":["energy_transition","social_consequence"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"may come with potentially negative impacts on the well-being","reading":"hedged possibility of negative effects","insight":"the transition needed for decarbonisation may carry social costs both globally and locally."}}]},{"id":"buchmayr2022#2","study":"buchmayr2022","text":"The analysis showed that the life cycle material demand of offshore wind projects has larger impacts on global well-being than the onshore alternatives.","zone":"Result","obs":"Life cycle material demand is approximated by energy_consumption because no existing concept fits it exactly.","b":[{"path":["energy_consumption","social_consequence"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: offshore wind compared with onshore wind; global well-being","note":{"evidence":"larger impacts on global well-being than the onshore alternatives","reading":"material demand is the stated driver, reported as a finding","insight":"offshore wind carries a heavier global social burden through its material demand."}}]},{"id":"buerger2019#1","study":"buerger2019","text":"We learn that from a private cost perspective no clear recommendation can be derived as to which target state should be given priority. This means that other criteria become more relevant, such as social acceptance regarding the different measures, or the challenges that arise from rolling out additional renewable energy capacity on top of what is necessary to achieve the climate goals in other sectors.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Policy stands for the prioritisation of a target state.","b":[{"path":["cost","policy"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: private cost perspective","note":{"evidence":"from a private cost perspective no clear recommendation can be derived","reading":"cost does not discriminate between target states, so no clear priority","insight":"cost alone cannot settle the choice of decarbonisation pathway, shifting weight to other criteria."}},{"path":["social_acceptance","policy"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"other criteria become more relevant, such as social acceptance","reading":"social acceptance is proposed as a decisive criterion for choosing among target states","insight":"acceptance becomes decisive when cost is indifferent between pathways."}}]},{"id":"burke2018a#1","study":"burke2018a","text":"Advocates assert that because the renewable energy transition is fundamentally a political struggle, efforts to shift from fossil fuels and decarbonize societies will not prove effective without confronting and destabilizing dominant systems of energy power.","zone":"Background","obs":"Claim is attributed to energy democracy advocates; dominant energy power is approximated by the concept political_capital.","b":[{"path":["energy_transition","political_capital"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will not prove effective without confronting and destabilizing dominant systems of energy power","reading":"advocates' claim, so hypothetical","insight":"transition is framed as political struggle against dominant energy power."}}]},{"id":"burke2018a#2","study":"burke2018a","text":"Distributed energy-politics posits that distributed energy sources and technologies enable and organize distributed political power and vice versa.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concepts approximated by existing vocabulary: distributed energy technologies as technological_advancement, political power as political_capital.","b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","political_capital"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"enable and organize distributed political power and vice versa","reading":"conceptual posit, reciprocal","insight":"energy system structure and political power are mutually constitutive."}}]},{"id":"burke2018a#3","study":"burke2018a","text":"Renewable energy systems offer a possibility but not a certainty for more democratic energy futures.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Democratic energy futures approximated by participation.","b":[{"path":["energy_transition","participation"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"a possibility but not a certainty","reading":"enabling possibility, not guaranteed","insight":"renewables open but do not secure democratic outcomes."}}]},{"id":"calvert2019#1","study":"calvert2019","text":"Theories and practices in energy transition management are currently underpinned by `society-technology' or sociotechnical perspectives drawn from sustainability transition studies, which foreground political-economic rhythms and institutions that contribute to infrastructure lock-in and path dependence.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concept infrastructure_lock_in is not in the existing list and is created as new.","b":[{"path":["institutional_barrier","infrastructure_lock_in"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"institutions that contribute to infrastructure lock-in and path dependence","reading":"institutions are said to contribute to lock-in","insight":"dominant sociotechnical views explain inertia in transitions through institutions."}}]},{"id":"calvert2019#2","study":"calvert2019","text":"More specifically, the research identifies how land-use systems and landscape values contribute to `lock in' and `path dependency' that must be destabilized in order to facilitate energy transitions.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["land_use_system","infrastructure_lock_in"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"land-use systems and landscape values contribute to `lock in'","reading":"finding of the case analysis","insight":"spatial and value structures of landscapes entrench existing energy pathways."}},{"path":["landscape_value","infrastructure_lock_in"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"landscape values contribute to `lock in'","reading":"parallel factor","insight":"social values embedded in landscapes can sustain path dependency."}},{"path":["infrastructure_lock_in","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"must be destabilized in order to facilitate energy transitions","reading":"lock-in must be removed for transitions","insight":"destabilizing lock-in is a prerequisite for transition."}}]},{"id":"calvert2019#3","study":"calvert2019","text":"Practically, the paper highlights the need to integrate energy planning with collaborative land-use planning as part of energy transition management.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["land_use_planning","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"need to integrate energy planning with collaborative land-use planning","reading":"prescriptive requirement","insight":"transition management depends on integrating land-use planning."}}]},{"id":"campos2022a#1","study":"campos2022a","text":"The study draws on the hypothesis that stakeholders across the state, market, community and third sector spheres, while equally supporting decarbonization, have different perceptions, values, and concerns regarding the social, environmental, and technological dynamics of the energy transition that need to be better understood for accelerating the transition.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["stakeholder_perspective","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: state, market, community and third sector stakeholders","note":{"evidence":"need to be better understood for accelerating the transition","reading":"understanding differing perceptions is posed as a prerequisite for acceleration, hypothetical","insight":"differing stakeholder views despite shared support for decarbonization are treated as key to transition speed."}}]},{"id":"campos2022a#2","study":"campos2022a","text":"The results indicate there is a significant convergence on the fact that decarbonization is a priority that needs to be supported by inclusive and democratic processes.","zone":"Result","obs":"Inclusive and democratic processes are mapped to participation.","b":[{"path":["participation","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"needs to be supported by inclusive and democratic processes","reading":"inclusive and democratic processes are stated as needed for decarbonization","insight":"stakeholders converge on inclusiveness as a precondition for decarbonization."}}]},{"id":"campos2022a#3","study":"campos2022a","text":"These findings outline some avenues for future research, where participation and transparency become anchors for a sustainable and inclusive transition.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Transparency is mapped to communication.","b":[{"path":["participation","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"participation and transparency become anchors","reading":"proposed as anchors for future work, so hypothetical","insight":"participation and transparency are framed as foundations of an inclusive transition."}},{"path":["communication","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"participation and transparency become anchors","reading":"proposed as anchors for future work, so hypothetical","insight":"participation and transparency are framed as foundations of an inclusive transition."}}]},{"id":"caporale2024#1","study":"caporale2024","text":"Our findings underscore the importance of continuously monitoring public perceptions to maintain and promote support for sustainable energy solutions, particularly in relation to the perception of wind energy's visual impact.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Concept public_awareness is used as the closest existing concept for monitoring public perceptions.","b":[{"path":["public_awareness","public_support"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"continuously monitoring public perceptions to maintain and promote support","reading":"monitoring is framed as needed to sustain support, a prescription","insight":"sustaining support requires tracking perceptions, notably of visual impact."}}]},{"id":"caporale2024#2","study":"caporale2024","text":"Moreover, the positive coefficient of the visual impact (0.011) suggests a positive utility of respondents from a higher off-shore turbines' density and a marginal willingness to accept a compensation of about 13euro for the visual impact and of about 33euro for the distance from the shore.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["visual_impact","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: higher turbine density","note":{"evidence":"positive coefficient of the visual impact (0.011) suggests a positive utility","reading":"the coefficient indicates positive utility, hedged with suggests","insight":"visual impact does not uniformly reduce acceptance; respondents accept some compensation for it."}}]},{"id":"caporale2024#3","study":"caporale2024","text":"In this context the use of extended reality technology in choice experiment scenarios significantly improves the results and enhances the understanding of the landscape impact of offshore wind farms.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"technological_advancement stands for extended reality technology.","b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","visual_impact"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"enhances the understanding of the landscape impact","reading":"extended reality improves understanding of landscape impact","insight":"immersive visualisation improves the assessment of visual impact."}}]},{"id":"cerchione2025#1","study":"cerchione2025","text":"Nevertheless, it frequently culminates in exacerbating existing socioeconomic disparities, disproportionately affecting already vulnerable communities.","zone":"Background","obs":"The referent of 'it' is the shift to renewable energy in the preceding sentence.","b":[{"path":["energy_transition","inequality"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: vulnerable communities","note":{"evidence":"exacerbating existing socioeconomic disparities","reading":"the shift is stated to increase disparities, so INFLUENCES with positive sign","insight":"the energy transition can deepen inequality rather than reduce it, especially for vulnerable groups."}}]},{"id":"cerchione2025#2","study":"cerchione2025","text":"The findings emphasise the necessity of an inclusive strategy that incorporates distributive, procedural, and recognitional justice into circular energy practices.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_justice","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: circular energy practices","note":{"evidence":"necessity of an inclusive strategy that incorporates distributive, procedural, and recognitional justice","reading":"justice is presented as a necessary component of the strategy","insight":"an inclusive transition requires justice dimensions to be built into practices."}}]},{"id":"cerchione2025#3","study":"cerchione2025","text":"Policymakers and industry leaders should advocate for social frameworks that guarantee equitable participation and outcomes, moving beyond an exclusive focus on resource efficiency.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy_framework","participation"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"social frameworks that guarantee equitable participation and outcomes","reading":"a recommendation, so Hypothetical","insight":"equitable participation is expected to depend on social frameworks rather than on resource efficiency alone."}}]},{"id":"cerchione2025#4","study":"cerchione2025","text":"Aligning technological innovation with justice is essential to ensure that the transition to a carbon-free future benefits all, particularly those who have been historically marginalised.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_justice","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: historically marginalised groups","note":{"evidence":"Aligning technological innovation with justice is essential","reading":"a prerequisite statement, a prescription so Hypothetical","insight":"transition benefits for marginalised groups are framed as depending on justice alignment."}}]},{"id":"chadwick2022#1","study":"chadwick2022","text":"Applying this framework identifies affective influences - uncertainty, control, trust - as a key difference between findings for rejection rather than adoption, and innovative rather than established technologies.","zone":"Result","obs":"Control is not mapped as it is not an existing concept; same pattern applies.","b":[{"path":["uncertainty","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: rejection versus adoption; innovative versus established technologies","note":{"evidence":"affective influences - uncertainty, control, trust - as a key difference","reading":"affective influences differentiate rejection from adoption","insight":"affective factors distinguish rejection from adoption, especially for innovative technologies."}},{"path":["trust","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: rejection versus adoption; innovative versus established technologies","note":{"evidence":"affective influences - uncertainty, control, trust","reading":"trust is among the affective influences differing between rejection and adoption","insight":"trust matters differently for rejecting versus adopting technology."}}]},{"id":"chadwick2022#2","study":"chadwick2022","text":"1. Using the framework to broaden the range of influences on household decisions will improve energy sector's ability to engage households in energy transitions.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["sociotechnical_approach","community_engagement"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will improve energy sector's ability to engage households","reading":"predicted implication of the framework","insight":"broader behavioural framing is expected to improve household engagement."}}]},{"id":"chang2025#1","study":"chang2025","text":"The study examines the key technological processes involved, including sorting, drying, and torrefaction, which enhance fuel properties such as calorific value and combustion efficiency.","zone":"Result","obs":"Technology performance stands for fuel properties such as calorific value and combustion efficiency.","b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","technology_performance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: sorting, drying and torrefaction processes","note":{"evidence":"enhance fuel properties such as calorific value and combustion efficiency","reading":"processes stated to improve fuel properties, so INFLUENCES positive","insight":"technical processing upgrades fuel quality, underpinning the viability of waste-derived fuel."}}]},{"id":"chang2025#2","study":"chang2025","text":"Challenges related to raw material availability, quality control, economic viability, and public perception are analyzed alongside potential solutions such as advanced processing technologies, government incentives, and industry collaboration.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["government_support","economic_viability"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"government incentives","reading":"incentives analysed as a potential solution to economic viability challenges","insight":"policy incentives are considered a route to overcoming economic barriers to deployment."}}]},{"id":"chapman2018#1","study":"chapman2018","text":"The results show that a significant portion of the public make participatory decisions to gain an economic benefit, while another group appears curious about new technology, seeking information before reaching a decision in order to satisfy their curiosity.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["economic_advantage","participation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: a significant portion of the public","note":{"evidence":"make participatory decisions to gain an economic benefit","reading":"economic benefit motivates participation, stated as a survey finding","insight":"economic gain is a leading motivation for participating in the energy market."}}]},{"id":"chapman2018#2","study":"chapman2018","text":"The results also show that a large portion of the public are relatively conservative in their energy choices, leading to a very passive approach, while a small portion of respondents demonstrated a more active stance.","zone":"Result","obs":"Conservatism is treated as an attitude; passivity is mapped to reduced participation.","b":[{"path":["attitude","participation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"subgroup: large portion of respondents with conservative energy choices","note":{"evidence":"conservative in their energy choices, leading to a very passive approach","reading":"conservative attitude leads to passive participation","insight":"widespread conservatism limits active public participation in energy markets."}}]},{"id":"chapman2022#1","study":"chapman2022","text":"We find that flying vehicles could drive the energy transition and the hydrogen economy and that their widespread adoption could engender shared socio-environmental benefits.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concept social_consequence is used for the shared socio-environmental benefits.","b":[{"path":["adoption","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"flying vehicles could drive the energy transition","reading":"modal 'could' hedges a finding from the literature review, so it is Affirmed with a hedge","insight":"new transport technologies are framed as potential accelerators of the energy transition, not only as objects of acceptance."}},{"path":["adoption","social_consequence"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"condition: widespread adoption","note":{"evidence":"widespread adoption could engender shared socio-environmental benefits","reading":"hedged finding of positive outcomes","insight":"wider adoption is linked to shared societal and environmental benefits."}}]},{"id":"chapman2023#1","study":"chapman2023","text":"This research investigates the relationship between these factors, i.e., uncovering whether or not awareness of the Just Transition concept affects peoples desired outcomes, personal behaviors or pref-erences toward energy policies which engender a transition.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Behaviours are mapped to behavioural_feedback as the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["public_awareness","behavioural_feedback"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"whether or not awareness of the Just Transition concept affects peoples desired outcomes, personal behaviors","reading":"question posed without an answer","insight":"awareness of the Just Transition is tested as a driver of behaviour and policy preferences."}},{"path":["public_awareness","policy_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"preferences toward energy policies","reading":"awareness tested as affecting policy preferences","insight":"awareness may shape policy support."}}]},{"id":"chapman2023#2","study":"chapman2023","text":"Our results show that demographics impact upon Just Transition knowledge levels, and that these knowledge levels themselves then impact upon propensity to undertake desirable behaviors, or to allow for the deployment of conducive tech-nologies at the local or regional level.","zone":"Result","obs":"Demographics mapped to gender, the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["gender","knowledge"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: demographic groups","note":{"evidence":"demographics impact upon Just Transition knowledge levels","reading":"demographics affect knowledge, no direction","insight":"knowledge of the Just Transition is unevenly distributed across demographic groups."}},{"path":["knowledge","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: local or regional level","note":{"evidence":"knowledge levels themselves then impact upon propensity ... to allow for the deployment of conducive tech-nologies","reading":"knowledge affects willingness to allow deployment","insight":"knowledge shapes openness to local technology deployment."}}]},{"id":"chapman2023#3","study":"chapman2023","text":"A greater level of understanding of the concept of a Just Transition, perhaps via targeted education may help to align people's behavior, desires and expectations toward the development of a fairer future energy system in Japan and more broadly for other advanced economies.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_education","expectation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"targeted education may help to align people's behavior, desires and expectations","reading":"hedged recommendation, hypothetical","insight":"education is proposed as a way to align public expectations with a fairer energy system."}}]},{"id":"chawla2025#1","study":"chawla2025","text":"The widespread adoption of selective kitchen and garden waste processing in closed biogas plants is often hindered by financial feasibility and social acceptance.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["feasibility","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"often hindered by financial feasibility and social acceptance","reading":"limitation wording gives CONSTRAINS","insight":"financial feasibility is named as a barrier to adoption of waste processing in biogas plants; the lack of feasibility is the constraint."}},{"path":["social_acceptance","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"often hindered by financial feasibility and social acceptance","reading":"the lack of social acceptance is stated as a hindrance","insight":"social acceptance is a co-barrier alongside financial feasibility."}}]},{"id":"chawla2025#2","study":"chawla2025","text":"Our results emphasize the economic viability of biobased energy recovery technologies, while also highlighting the potential social and environmental benefits.","zone":"Result","obs":"The concept technology_performance stands for biobased energy recovery technologies.","b":[{"path":["technology_performance","economic_viability"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"emphasize the economic viability of biobased energy recovery technologies","reading":"the finding is that the technologies are economically viable","insight":"the cost-benefit results support the financial case for biobased energy recovery."}}]},{"id":"chen2022#1","study":"chen2022","text":"The development of energy storage (ES) technology is essential for a sustainable energy transition; however, the socio-political context of ES tends to make its large-scale development challenging, which requires more attention.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Concept energy_storage is not in the existing list and is created as a new concept; social_criteria stands for the socio-political context.","b":[{"path":["energy_storage","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"essential for a sustainable energy transition","reading":"stated as prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"storage is framed as a necessary condition for the transition."}},{"path":["social_criteria","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: large-scale development of energy storage","note":{"evidence":"socio-political context of ES tends to make its large-scale development challenging","reading":"context limits deployment","insight":"socio-political context, not only technology, constrains scaling."}}]},{"id":"chen2022#2","study":"chen2022","text":"(2) some uncertainties about ES development regarding local institutional inertia and how people interact with ES technologies, which could hinder an ES transition;","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["institutional_barrier","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: local institutional inertia","note":{"evidence":"local institutional inertia ... could hinder an ES transition","reading":"hedged finding from media framing, so Affirmed","insight":"local institutional inertia is a perceived obstacle to the storage transition."}}]},{"id":"chen2022#3","study":"chen2022","text":"(3) domestic complexity and dynamics underpinning ES technologies, reflecting a supportive attitude of the Chinese government and a top-down governance system.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["top_down_decision_making","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"reflecting a supportive attitude of the Chinese government and a top-down governance system","reading":"the media representation reflects government support","insight":"the top-down governance context shapes the supportive stance toward storage."}}]},{"id":"cheng2013#1","study":"cheng2013","text":"With enhanced public understanding of CO2 mitigation via CCS techniques it is therefore possible to engage the public in the early stage of CCS implementation.","zone":"Background","obs":"Understanding is coded as public_education, the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["public_education","public_engagement"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"phase: early stage of CCS implementation","note":{"evidence":"it is therefore possible to engage the public in the early stage","reading":"understanding is stated as making engagement possible, so ENABLES","insight":"public understanding is treated as a prerequisite for early engagement in CCS."}}]},{"id":"cheng2013#2","study":"cheng2013","text":"It is shown that generally there was a direct correlation between positive perception of CCS and positive perception of the \"Green Town\" idea.","zone":"Result","obs":"public_acceptance stands for positive perception of the Green Town idea; ccs_support for positive perception of CCS.","b":[{"path":["ccs_support","public_acceptance"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"direct correlation between positive perception of CCS and positive perception of the Green Town idea","reading":"correlation without causal direction","insight":"favourable views of conventional CCS go together with favourable views of Green Town."}}]},{"id":"cheng2013#3","study":"cheng2013","text":"This provides evidence that the idea of engaging the public through the \"Green Town\" concept could play an important role in laying a strong foundation for public interest in CCS projects.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_engagement","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: through the Green Town concept","note":{"evidence":"could play an important role in laying a strong foundation for public interest","reading":"hedged with could, so a projected effect","insight":"community-embedded demonstration is proposed as a route to building public interest in CCS."}}]},{"id":"cheng2024#1","study":"cheng2024","text":"While Norway may be cost-competitive in blue hydrogen exports to the EU, its sustainability is limited by the reliance on natural gas and the nascent infrastructure for carbon transport and storage.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concept infrastructure_lock_in approximates nascent carbon transport and storage infrastructure.","b":[{"path":["fossil_based_economy","sustainability_criteria"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: blue hydrogen exports","note":{"evidence":"sustainability is limited by the reliance on natural gas","reading":"limitation wording gives CONSTRAINS","insight":"blue hydrogen's cost competitiveness is offset by sustainability limits from fossil dependence."}},{"path":["infrastructure_lock_in","sustainability_criteria"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: blue hydrogen exports","note":{"evidence":"nascent infrastructure for carbon transport and storage","reading":"immature CCS infrastructure limits sustainability","insight":"infrastructure immaturity restricts the viability of low-carbon claims."}}]},{"id":"cheng2024#2","study":"cheng2024","text":"Developing a green hydrogen-based export market requires policy support and strategic investments in technology, infrastructure and stakeholder engagement, ensuring a more equitable distribution of renewable installations across Norway and national security in the north.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy_support","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: green hydrogen export market","note":{"evidence":"requires policy support","reading":"requirement wording gives ENABLES, prescriptive so Hypothetical","insight":"export market development depends on policy backing."}},{"path":["investment","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: green hydrogen export market","note":{"evidence":"requires ... strategic investments","reading":"prerequisite","insight":"investment is a precondition for the export market."}},{"path":["community_engagement","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: green hydrogen export market","note":{"evidence":"stakeholder engagement","reading":"required alongside policy and investment","insight":"engagement is framed as a prerequisite for equitable deployment."}}]},{"id":"cheng2024#3","study":"cheng2024","text":"Finally, for Norway to become a key hydrogen exporter to the EU will require a balanced approach that emphasises public acceptance and careful land use management to avoid costly consequences.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: Norway becoming a key hydrogen exporter","note":{"evidence":"will require a balanced approach that emphasises public acceptance","reading":"future requirement, so Hypothetical","insight":"public acceptance is treated as a prerequisite for export scale-up."}},{"path":["land_use_planning","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: Norway becoming a key hydrogen exporter","note":{"evidence":"careful land use management","reading":"required to avoid costly consequences","insight":"land use management is a precondition for export development."}}]},{"id":"chewinski2023#1","study":"chewinski2023","text":"The political and economic landscape of Alberta, Canada, is deeply affected by fossil fuel extraction, thus limiting progress toward energy transition.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["fossil_based_economy","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"deeply affected by fossil fuel extraction, thus limiting progress toward energy transition","reading":"stated as established context, limiting wording gives CONSTRAINS","insight":"fossil fuel dependence is framed as a structural brake on transition."}}]},{"id":"chewinski2023#2","study":"chewinski2023","text":"Although transition is slowed by resistance to renewable energy technologies, public perspectives on these projects are diverse, with localized sensitives that are often not well understood.","zone":"Gap","obs":"The resistant actors are the public; the gap concerns poorly understood localized views.","b":[{"path":["energy_transition","citizens"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"transition is slowed by resistance to renewable energy technologies","reading":"resistance by actors slows transition","insight":"resistance is portrayed as diverse and locally specific, yet poorly understood."}}]},{"id":"chewinski2023#3","study":"chewinski2023","text":"A third group is defined largely by opposition to wind energy whereby justice concerns are associated with distancing their land from the impacts of wind turbines.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_justice","infrastructure_distance"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: opposing latent class","note":{"evidence":"justice concerns are associated with distancing their land from the impacts","reading":"explicit association without direction","insight":"opposition is tied to justice concerns expressed as spatial distancing from turbine impacts."}}]},{"id":"chiocci2011#1","study":"chiocci2011","text":"However, the characterization of geohazard features on a morphological basis alone is limited, and more detailed investigations are needed to define the character and state of activity of potentially hazardous features.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Concepts are loosely mapped; the abstract does not address energy technology acceptance.","b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","feasibility"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"more detailed investigations are needed","reading":"weak fit, detailed investigation is stated as a prerequisite for characterizing hazards","insight":"mapping alone is insufficient, so characterization depends on costly further investigation."}}]},{"id":"chomac-pierzecka2024#1","study":"chomac-pierzecka2024","text":"The main motivation for majority support of the measure in question are economic reasons, which are connected with the expectation of a real price reduction per 1 kW of energy, as well as increased attractiveness of the region due to investments in this area.","zone":"Result","obs":"Regional attractiveness is coded as economic_advantage.","b":[{"path":["energy_cost","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"expectation of a real price reduction per 1 kW of energy","reading":"expected lower energy price motivates support","insight":"economic expectations, not environmental benefits, drive majority support for offshore wind."}},{"path":["economic_advantage","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"increased attractiveness of the region due to investments","reading":"regional economic benefit motivates support","insight":"regional investment gains reinforce local backing."}}]},{"id":"chomac-pierzecka2024#2","study":"chomac-pierzecka2024","text":"The main concern with the measure relates to environmental aspects, with concerns about the functioning of ecosystems in light of the construction and subsequent operation of wind farms.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["environmental_impact","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"concerns about the functioning of ecosystems","reading":"ecosystem concerns are the main worry about construction and operation","insight":"environmental concern is the principal source of reservations about offshore wind."}}]},{"id":"chomac-pierzecka2024#3","study":"chomac-pierzecka2024","text":"Negative public opinion is also signalled in relation to the potential risk of landscape change in a direction that is undesirable for the studied developed coastal tourist region in Poland.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["visual_impact","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"potential risk of landscape change","reading":"perceived landscape change is linked to negative opinion","insight":"landscape concerns weigh heavily in tourism-dependent coastal regions."}}]},{"id":"ciriminna2018#1","study":"ciriminna2018","text":"This essay identifies selected technology solutions and critical policy and educational initiatives to effectively achieve within the next decade (2018-2027) the widespread uptake of decentralized solar energy systems in the built environment on a global scale.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"critical policy and educational initiatives to effectively achieve ... widespread uptake","reading":"initiatives framed as needed to achieve uptake, a prescription so Hypothetical","insight":"policy is positioned as a prerequisite for widespread distributed solar uptake."}},{"path":["public_education","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"policy and educational initiatives to effectively achieve ... uptake","reading":"educational initiatives presented as required for uptake","insight":"education is treated as a necessary complement to technology and policy for adoption."}},{"path":["technological_advancement","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"technology solutions ... to effectively achieve ... uptake","reading":"technology solutions framed as means to uptake","insight":"technological solutions are seen as one enabling pillar of adoption."}}]},{"id":"codemo2023#1","study":"codemo2023","text":"Landscape transformations derived by renewable energy sources exploitation may induce public resistance and loss of quality of the existing environment.","zone":"Background","obs":"Landscape transformation is coded with the closest existing concept, energy_transition; resistance is coded as negative effect on acceptance.","b":[{"path":["energy_transition","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"may induce public resistance","reading":"hedged claim that landscape transformation causes resistance, coded as a negative effect on acceptance","insight":"landscape change from renewables can undermine public acceptance."}}]},{"id":"codemo2023#2","study":"codemo2023","text":"Integrated approaches are needed to inform and guide transformation processes, relying on empirical evidence regarding spatio-technological feasibility, acceptance by the community, and integration in the landscape.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["feasibility","transition_planning"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Integrated approaches are needed to inform and guide transformation processes","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so Hypothetical","insight":"planning needs evidence on feasibility and acceptance together."}},{"path":["public_acceptance","transition_planning"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Integrated approaches are needed to inform and guide transformation processes","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so Hypothetical","insight":"planning needs evidence on feasibility and acceptance together."}}]},{"id":"coleman2009a#1","study":"coleman2009a","text":"Transporting CO2 from capture locations to storage sites will play an integral part in the implementation of this strategy, as geography, urbanism, regulation, regionalism and currently installed transport systems challenge the ability of the EU and its member states to store billions of tonnes of CO2 before the middle of this century.","zone":"Background","obs":"Deployment stands for the EU's ability to store CO2 at scale; geography, urbanism and installed systems are further constraints that are not coded separately.","b":[{"path":["regulation","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"regulation, regionalism and currently installed transport systems challenge the ability of the EU","reading":"regulation and other factors limit CO2 storage capacity, so CONSTRAINS","insight":"regulatory and geographic conditions limit CCS deployment alongside technical needs."}}]},{"id":"conde2025#1","study":"conde2025","text":"Energy transition depends not only on technological and economic changes but is also deeply embedded in the complex social and cultural factors that shape it.","zone":"Background","obs":"Social and cultural factors mapped to the existing concept personal_and_social_factors.","b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"deeply embedded in the complex social and cultural factors that shape it","reading":"social and cultural factors are said to shape the transition, direction unspecified","insight":"energy transition is not only technological or economic but socially and culturally shaped."}}]},{"id":"conde2025#2","study":"conde2025","text":"Our findings highlight the theory's potential to uncover how different groups construct and negotiate meanings around energy transition.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["socio-technical_narrative","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: different social groups","note":{"evidence":"construct and negotiate meanings around energy transition","reading":"the theory is said to reveal meaning-making","insight":"groups' negotiated meanings shape how the energy transition is understood."}}]},{"id":"conde2025#3","study":"conde2025","text":"While SRT-based studies emphasize the importance of social acceptance, we identify a key limitation: an overemphasis on community acceptance of renewable energy without sufficiently questioning the broader socio-economic paradigms driving the energy transition.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"overemphasis on community acceptance of renewable energy","reading":"the review identifies a limitation in how SRT studies treat acceptance","insight":"focus on community acceptance leaves the socio-economic paradigms driving the transition unquestioned."}}]},{"id":"constantinou2024#1","study":"constantinou2024","text":"This illustration presents a holistic view of the key challenges and barriers confronting the adoption of Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems. It highlights technical limitations, economic considerations, policy and regulatory hurdles, and social acceptance issues, offering a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted obstacles in the path of BIPV integration.","zone":"Result","obs":"The abstract describes an illustration; the barrier relations are drawn from the summary of that illustration.","b":[{"path":["technological_barrier","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"technical limitations","reading":"barriers are stated as confronting BIPV adoption","insight":"technical limits are one of several obstacle types to BIPV adoption."}},{"path":["financial_barrier","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"economic considerations","reading":"economic considerations are listed as barriers","insight":"economic factors hinder adoption alongside other barriers."}},{"path":["institutional_barrier","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"policy and regulatory hurdles","reading":"hurdles are framed as obstacles to adoption","insight":"policy and regulation act as barriers to BIPV integration."}},{"path":["social_acceptance","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"social acceptance issues","reading":"acceptance issues are named as obstacles to adoption","insight":"social acceptance problems are treated as a barrier to BIPV integration."}}]},{"id":"coppola2023#1","study":"coppola2023","text":"This fuel has the main advantage to be already largely used in the current society, with the existence of an extensive transportation and storage infrastructure and a good social acceptance.","zone":"Background","obs":"Referent of 'this fuel' is synthetic methane; the relation is weakly implied, mapped to existing concepts.","b":[{"path":["technological_maturity","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"already largely used in the current society","reading":"wording lists existing use and infrastructure alongside good acceptance; the link is loosely stated","insight":"established use of a fuel is presented as an advantage coinciding with social acceptance."}}]},{"id":"cotterman2021#1","study":"cotterman2021","text":"Most often, these pathways minimize system costs or greenhouse gas emissions; with few exceptions, they ignore the constraints imposed by political, social, and economic factors that slow transition processes, making them prone to producing implausible decarbonization pathways.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_criteria","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"constraints imposed by political, social, and economic factors that slow transition processes","reading":"factors slow transition, so CONSTRAINS","insight":"models ignoring social constraints yield implausible pathways, leaving a gap in representing acceptance."}}]},{"id":"cotterman2021#2","study":"cotterman2021","text":"If risk tolerance concerns constrain nuclear deployment to socially acceptable levels, deep decarbonization scenarios are up to 11% more expensive than the reference scenario and require low-carbon options to be available and replace the reduced nuclear share.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["risk_perception","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: scenario where nuclear deployment is limited to socially acceptable levels","note":{"evidence":"risk tolerance concerns constrain nuclear deployment","reading":"scenario result from modelling","insight":"acceptance limits on nuclear raise decarbonization costs and make other low-carbon options necessary."}},{"path":["deployment","cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: nuclear deployment constrained","note":{"evidence":"up to 11% more expensive than the reference scenario","reading":"constrained nuclear deployment raises system cost","insight":"social acceptance limits carry an economic price."}}]},{"id":"cotterman2021#3","study":"cotterman2021","text":"Results from this novel framework improve our representation of the effect of social acceptance on the adoption and diffusion of energy technologies.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"effect of social acceptance on the adoption and diffusion of energy technologies","reading":"the framework represents this effect, direction unspecified","insight":"acceptance should be modelled as an endogenous determinant of technology diffusion."}}]},{"id":"cranmer2022#1","study":"cranmer2022","text":"The industry's modus operandi of presenting the public with 2D photos or 2D videos is inadequate as it does not resolve concerns about projects' visibility and noisiness, but rather per-petuates pre-existing erroneous beliefs.","zone":"Background","obs":"Stated as established background by the authors; wording 'inadequate' is evaluative.","b":[{"path":["communication","risk_perception"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: 2D photos or 2D videos","note":{"evidence":"does not resolve concerns about projects' visibility and noisiness","reading":"2D media fail to resolve concerns, so they limit correction of perceptions","insight":"conventional visualisation can entrench misperceptions rather than ease concerns."}}]},{"id":"cranmer2022#2","study":"cranmer2022","text":"Exposure to more immersive media resulted in more positive perceptions, as well as larger and more positive changes in support for wind projects.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: more immersive media (VR, 360 degrees)","note":{"evidence":"more positive changes in support for wind projects","reading":"finding of the study's experiment, positive direction","insight":"richer media format raises support relative to conventional 2D media."}}]},{"id":"cranmer2022#3","study":"cranmer2022","text":"These findings suggest that traditional media (2D photos, videos) may be counterproductive for informing the public about proposed wind projects.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","public_awareness"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: traditional media (2D photos, videos)","note":{"evidence":"may be counterproductive for informing the public","reading":"hedged interpretation of own findings, so Affirmed","insight":"conventional visualisation may undermine rather than build public understanding of proposed projects."}}]},{"id":"cranmer2022#4","study":"cranmer2022","text":"Immersive, multimodal media (VR, 360 degrees video) provide more accurate audiovisual information in a format that is easily understood by audiences less familiar with wind technology, leading to more positive attitudes toward wind projects.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: immersive multimodal media; subgroup: audiences less familiar with wind technology","note":{"evidence":"leading to more positive attitudes toward wind projects","reading":"causal wording of interpretation of findings","insight":"accurate, easily understood information improves attitudes, especially among unfamiliar audiences.","mechanism":"more accurate audiovisual information in an easily understood format."}}]},{"id":"cranmer2023#1","study":"cranmer2023","text":"We examine how a wind farm's distance from the shore, project size, and turbine size factor into viewers' visual perception and willingness to accept potential projects.","zone":"Aim","obs":"design_adaptation stands in for project size and turbine size.","b":[{"path":["infrastructure_distance","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"distance from the shore","reading":"examined as a factor of willingness to accept","insight":"distance from shore is a candidate driver of visual acceptance."}},{"path":["design_adaptation","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: project size and turbine size","note":{"evidence":"project size, and turbine size","reading":"design attributes examined for effect on willingness to accept","insight":"design choices such as larger turbines may shape acceptance."}}]},{"id":"cranmer2023#2","study":"cranmer2023","text":"In addition, we test whether the presence of birds in the images impacts viewers' preferences for proposed projects.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["environmental_impact","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: images with birds","note":{"evidence":"presence of birds in the images impacts viewers' preferences","reading":"tested effect without stated answer","insight":"environmental cues may alter visual preference."}}]},{"id":"cranmer2023#3","study":"cranmer2023","text":"We find that distance from shore is overwhelmingly the most important factor for social acceptance, followed by project size, while turbine size had an insignificant effect.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["infrastructure_distance","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"distance from shore is overwhelmingly the most important factor","reading":"sign inferred from greater distance being preferred is not stated, so direction unspecified in text","insight":"distance dominates acceptance over other design attributes."}},{"path":["design_adaptation","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: project size","note":{"evidence":"followed by project size","reading":"second most important factor","insight":"project size matters but less than distance."}},{"path":["design_adaptation","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: turbine size","note":{"evidence":"turbine size had an insignificant effect","reading":"non-significance, not proof of absence","insight":"larger turbines did not measurably change acceptance."}}]},{"id":"cranmer2023#4","study":"cranmer2023","text":"For participants who viewed images with birds, distance was the only significant factor.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["infrastructure_distance","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: participants who viewed images with birds","note":{"evidence":"distance was the only significant factor","reading":"bird presence leaves only distance significant","insight":"distance remains key even when other cues are present."}}]},{"id":"cranmer2023#5","study":"cranmer2023","text":"Our results suggest that getting to 30 GW by 2030 will require greater attention to public attitudes toward the visual impacts of proposed projects with a focus on the distance from shore.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["attitude","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: attitudes toward visual impacts, focus on distance from shore","note":{"evidence":"will require greater attention to public attitudes","reading":"requirement statement, so hypothetical","insight":"deployment targets depend on addressing visual-impact attitudes, especially distance."}}]},{"id":"crowe2020#1","study":"crowe2020","text":"Our results suggest that one's place has an important effect in differentiating the public perceptions of renewable and nonrenewable energy and for support in an energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy.","zone":"Result","obs":"Place is coded as place_attachment, the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["place_attachment","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"one's place has an important effect in differentiating the public perceptions","reading":"place affects perceptions, hedged with suggest, direction unspecified","insight":"place of residence differentiates how people view renewable versus fossil energy and transition support."}},{"path":["place_attachment","policy_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"for support in an energy transition","reading":"place affects support for transition, direction unspecified","insight":"transition support varies with place."}}]},{"id":"crowe2020#2","study":"crowe2020","text":"If federal or state governments seek to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (and consequently energy from coal, a major source of greenhouse gases), solar and other sustainable energy policies need to be targeted at places with historical ties to coal and other fossil fuels to ensure a procedurally just energy transition.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: policies targeted at places with historical ties to coal","note":{"evidence":"need to be targeted at places with historical ties to coal","reading":"targeted policy is prescribed as a prerequisite for a just transition","insight":"just transitions depend on targeting policy to coal-dependent places."}}]},{"id":"czarnecka2022#1","study":"czarnecka2022","text":"The risk of social acceptance plays a vital role in Poland, especially in Silesia, influencing the decarbonization process.","zone":"Background","obs":"Decarbonization process is mapped to the existing concept energy_transition.","b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"influencing the decarbonization process","reading":"acceptance is stated as influencing decarbonization, direction unspecified","insight":"acceptance is treated as a pivotal factor shaping decarbonization, especially in Silesia."}}]},{"id":"czarnecka2022#2","study":"czarnecka2022","text":"The study's main objective was to identify socio-economic features that affect the assessment of the decarbonization process in Poland, assuming that respondents used central or local funds to carry out this process.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: decarbonization financed by central or local funds","note":{"evidence":"socio-economic features that affect the assessment of the decarbonization process","reading":"aim of identifying affecting features, so investigated","insight":"assessment of decarbonization is expected to vary with respondents' socio-economic characteristics."}}]},{"id":"czarnecka2022#3","study":"czarnecka2022","text":"Moreover, it was found that people with higher education give less support to the centralization of funds for decarbonization, though they perceive that local funds provide a greater chance of success for decarbonization processes.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["education_training","policy_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"subgroup: people with higher education; setting: centralized funds for decarbonization","note":{"evidence":"people with higher education give less support to the centralization of funds","reading":"higher education goes with lower support for centralized funding","insight":"educated respondents favour local over central funding, suggesting preference for local control."}}]},{"id":"dall-orsoletta2022a#1","study":"dall-orsoletta2022a","text":"Considering that socio-economic gaps and inequalities may be widened by the energy transition, the ability to capture social impacts into models becomes crucial for decision-making aid.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_transition","inequality"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"inequalities may be widened by the energy transition","reading":"hedged possibility (may), so Hypothetical, positive direction as widening","insight":"the transition may deepen social inequalities, motivating the inclusion of social impacts in models."}}]},{"id":"dall-orsoletta2022a#2","study":"dall-orsoletta2022a","text":"Among the main findings, SD energy systems models have incorporated social dynamics into their structure, but it a limited way.","zone":"Result","obs":"Model concepts are mapped approximately to the existing energy_scenario and social_consequence concepts.","b":[{"path":["energy_scenario","social_consequence"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"SD energy systems models have incorporated social dynamics","reading":"the review finds social dynamics incorporated only to a limited degree","insight":"social impacts are only partially represented in energy models.  Concepts are approximate; the model-to-social link is loosely coded."}}]},{"id":"dasilva2024#1","study":"dasilva2024","text":"Germany showcases a regulatory framework that promotes innovation and technological expansion, reflecting its highly developed social system and commitment to transitioning away from fossil fuels.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["regulatory_framework","technological_advancement"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: Germany","note":{"evidence":"a regulatory framework that promotes innovation and technological expansion","reading":"the framework is said to promote technological expansion, so INFLUENCES with a positive sign","insight":"regulatory design is presented as a driver of technological development in the German hydrogen and renewable context."}}]},{"id":"deazevedodantas2019#1","study":"deazevedodantas2019","text":"Social and environmental fragilities of local communities, overlooked an exclusionary planning, have led to opposition movements against wind farm implementation.","zone":"Background","obs":"Exclusionary planning is mapped to top_down_decision_making; opposition movements are mapped to conflict.","b":[{"path":["top_down_decision_making","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"overlooked an exclusionary planning, have led to opposition movements","reading":"exclusionary planning that overlooks community fragilities is stated as leading to opposition","insight":"exclusionary planning that ignores local vulnerabilities generates conflict over wind farms."}}]},{"id":"deazevedodantas2019#2","study":"deazevedodantas2019","text":"The perception was that the wind farm did not change the population's socioeconomic conditions and environmental issues require appraisals by the accountable bodies.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","economic_advantage"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"did not change the population's socioeconomic conditions","reading":"the community perceives no change in socioeconomic conditions after the wind farm","insight":"wind farm arrival did not deliver perceived local socioeconomic benefits, weakening the justifying narrative."}}]},{"id":"dekeyser2023#1","study":"dekeyser2023","text":"The probability to belong to a certain class differs across political preferences and concerns about nuclear energy, climate change or future generations.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concerns are mapped to risk_perception as the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["political_partisanship","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"population: membership of preference class","note":{"evidence":"differs across political preferences","reading":"class membership probability varies with political preferences, direction unstated, mapped to acceptance of technology classes","insight":"political orientation structures heterogeneity in technology preferences."}},{"path":["risk_perception","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"population: membership of preference class; setting: concerns about nuclear energy, climate change, future generations","note":{"evidence":"concerns about nuclear energy, climate change or future generations","reading":"concerns shape class membership, direction unstated","insight":"concerns differentiate which technologies consumers prefer."}}]},{"id":"delbarrioalvarez2024#1","study":"delbarrioalvarez2024","text":"These similarities and differences in preferences for renewable energy sources appear to be associated with varying levels of knowledge or familiarity with each source, which is consistent with differing willingness to pay for each source.","zone":"Result","obs":"Preferences for renewable sources are mapped to the concept public_support.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"appear to be associated with varying levels of knowledge or familiarity","reading":"hedged association between knowledge and preferences, direction not stated","insight":"preferences for renewables track how familiar people are with each source, not only their general attitudes."}}]},{"id":"delbarrioalvarez2024#2","study":"delbarrioalvarez2024","text":"These findings highlight the necessity for policies that address this apparent lack of understanding of how the transition to a sustainable energy system and each renewable energy technology can help mitigate the impact of environmental problems highlighted in each society.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","knowledge"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"necessity for policies that address this apparent lack of understanding","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so hypothetical","insight":"the knowledge gap about renewables' environmental benefits is framed as a policy-addressable barrier to the transition."}}]},{"id":"delina2023#1","study":"delina2023","text":"These financial instruments require innovations in the digital financialisation of energy transition.","zone":"Background","obs":"The sentence says instruments require innovations in financialisation; the chain is a loose reading of this dependency.","b":[{"path":["financial_instrument","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"These financial instruments require innovations in the digital financialisation of energy transition","reading":"the sentence states a requirement, but the direction is ambiguous and the link is loosely coded","insight":"digital financial innovation is framed as a precondition for financing the energy transition."}}]},{"id":"delooze2023#1","study":"delooze2023","text":"Recent literature argues for the potential value of social conflict when conflict is used to draw lessons and improve policy and projects to fit with the concerns of stakeholders.","zone":"Background","obs":"Claim attributed to recent literature.","b":[{"path":["conflict","policy"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: when conflict is used to draw lessons and fit stakeholder concerns","note":{"evidence":"potential value of social conflict when conflict is used to draw lessons and improve policy and projects","reading":"literature argues a potential improvement, so hypothetical","insight":"conflict can be productive for policy rather than only an obstacle, if lessons are drawn."}}]},{"id":"delooze2023#2","study":"delooze2023","text":"In this paper we aim to empirically investigate if and how social conflict leads to institutional change.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["conflict","institutional_reform"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"if and how social conflict leads to institutional change","reading":"open question about an effect, so investigated","insight":"the study tests whether conflict yields systemic institutional change in energy transitions."}}]},{"id":"demir2021#1","study":"demir2021","text":"However, several public oppositions are encountered during such transition processes.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_transition","citizens"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"several public oppositions are encountered during such transition processes","reading":"opposition by the public is stated as an established context of the transition","insight":"the energy transition meets active public resistance."}}]},{"id":"demir2021#2","study":"demir2021","text":"According to the findings of the study, increasing number of wind farms within the context of Izmir creates a ``saturation'' among the society about wind energy.","zone":"Result","obs":"Saturation is interpreted as a negative attitude toward further wind energy.","b":[{"path":["deployment","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"increasing number of wind farms ... creates a saturation among the society","reading":"more wind farms produce societal saturation, read as a negative attitude","insight":"concentration of deployment can erode societal tolerance toward wind energy."}}]},{"id":"demir2021#3","study":"demir2021","text":"In this respect, ``minimum distance'' criteria should be determined for the wind farm site selection to the areas where nature and human activities take place.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["infrastructure_distance","site_location"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"minimum distance criteria should be determined for the wind farm site selection","reading":"a prescription that distance criteria are needed for siting, hence Hypothetical","insight":"siting decisions are expected to require distance rules to address sensitivity."}}]},{"id":"demir2021#4","study":"demir2021","text":"Finally, public participation during these processes and being informed is urgent.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Being informed is not coded separately; the referent is the wind farm development processes.","b":[{"path":["participation","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"public participation during these processes and being informed is urgent","reading":"a requirement stated for wind farm processes, hence Hypothetical","insight":"participation and information are presented as needed for the wind development process."}}]},{"id":"desing2024#1","study":"desing2024","text":"Limiting climate heating while meeting basic needs for all necessitates large-scale deployment of renewable energy.","zone":"Background","obs":"Weak concept fit: climate heating limitation is mapped imperfectly to an existing concept.","b":[{"path":["deployment","climate_change_belief"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"necessitates large-scale deployment of renewable energy","reading":"deployment is stated as a prerequisite for limiting climate heating; the target concept is only an approximate fit","insight":"renewable deployment at scale is framed as a precondition for climate goals."}}]},{"id":"desing2024#2","study":"desing2024","text":"The interplay of these enabling factors, material efficiency in design, and substitution with materials that are easier to mobilize determines the maximum possible rate of material mobilization and consequently the energy transition itself.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Design_adaptation is used for material efficiency in design.","b":[{"path":["design_adaptation","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"joint with: availability, accessibility, processability, operability, material substitution","note":{"evidence":"determines the maximum possible rate of material mobilization and consequently the energy transition itself","reading":"the interplay of factors sets the transition rate","insight":"material constraints set an upper bound on the pace of the energy transition."}}]},{"id":"dessi2022#1","study":"dessi2022","text":"The acceptance of biofuels is of paramount importance for the EU sustainable energy transition.","zone":"Background","obs":"Acceptance refers to biofuel acceptance; the transition is the EU sustainable energy transition.","b":[{"path":["acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"acceptance of biofuels is of paramount importance for the EU sustainable energy transition","reading":"importance framed as a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"acceptance of a specific fuel technology is positioned as a precondition for the wider transition."}}]},{"id":"desvallees2023b#1","study":"desvallees2023b","text":"Opposition to offshore wind energy can cause major delays in the deployment of this technology, possibly compromising ambitious national strategies for increasing the generation of electricity to meet the net zero emissions target.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concept coded as public_acceptance, with opposition as its lack.","b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Opposition to offshore wind energy can cause major delays in the deployment","reading":"opposition is stated as delaying deployment, coded as lack of acceptance constraining deployment via ENABLES","insight":"opposition is framed as a barrier to meeting national decarbonisation targets."}}]},{"id":"desvallees2023b#2","study":"desvallees2023b","text":"On the one side, local opponents to offshore wind farms deny their legitimacy on the grounds of their inadequacy within the inherited and centralized French energy system dominated by nuclear energy.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","citizens"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: local opponents","note":{"evidence":"local opponents to offshore wind farms deny their legitimacy","reading":"opponents actively resist offshore wind","insight":"local opposition is rooted in the centralized nuclear-dominated energy system rather than only local impacts."}}]},{"id":"desvallees2023b#3","study":"desvallees2023b","text":"Meanwhile, the development of manufacturing of offshore wind components is not questioned, and even benefits from a large support from local stakeholders.","zone":"Result","obs":"plant_construction used for component manufacturing.","b":[{"path":["plant_construction","stakeholder_perspective"],"rels":["SUPPORTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"phase: manufacturing","note":{"evidence":"benefits from a large support from local stakeholders","reading":"manufacturing is backed by local stakeholders","insight":"acceptance and opposition coexist across technology phases, manufacturing being accepted while siting is contested."}}]},{"id":"devine-wright2020a#1","study":"devine-wright2020a","text":"Understanding the factors influencing community acceptance of renewable energy projects such as offshore wind farms is important for achieving a transition to low carbon energy sources.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concept community_acceptance is mapped to the existing concept social_acceptance in project vocabulary.","b":[{"path":["community_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"important for achieving a transition to low carbon energy sources","reading":"acceptance is framed as needed for the transition","insight":"acceptance is treated as a prerequisite for low-carbon transition."}}]},{"id":"devine-wright2020a#2","study":"devine-wright2020a","text":"Results show that acceptance of the same project design differed significantly across alternative development locations.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"acceptance of the same project design differed significantly across alternative development locations","reading":"location changes acceptance, direction unspecified","insight":"place matters because acceptance varies by site even for identical project design."}}]},{"id":"devine-wright2020a#3","study":"devine-wright2020a","text":"Support for using wind energy for local electricity supply was the most important predictor of acceptance, and this variable mediated the relationship between island energy security and community acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":"energy_security is a new concept not in the existing list.","b":[{"path":["support","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"most important predictor of acceptance","reading":"predictive wording, positive direction implied by support","insight":"support for local wind supply is the strongest predictor of acceptance."}},{"path":["energy_security","support","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES","INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"moderator: mediated by support for local wind electricity supply","note":{"evidence":"mediated the relationship between island energy security and community acceptance","reading":"mediation pathway, direction not stated","insight":"energy security shapes acceptance indirectly through support for local wind supply."}}]},{"id":"dewildt2019#1","study":"dewildt2019","text":"Its successful deployment is however jeopardized by social acceptance issues, such as concerns related to privacy and fairness.","zone":"Background","obs":"Stated as established background; the acceptance issues are named as concerns about privacy and fairness.","b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"jeopardized by social acceptance issues","reading":"acceptance issues limit deployment, so CONSTRAINS","insight":"privacy and fairness concerns are presented as obstacles to smart grid rollout."}}]},{"id":"dewildt2019#2","study":"dewildt2019","text":"Due to unsatisfied expectations concerning values, social discontent may arise.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["expectation","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: unsatisfied expectations concerning values","note":{"evidence":"social discontent may arise","reading":"hedged background claim, discontent treated as lack of acceptance","insight":"unmet value expectations are the proposed source of acceptance problems."}}]},{"id":"dewildt2019#3","study":"dewildt2019","text":"As resolving value conflicts requires resources, this paper suggests three factors to prioritize their resolution: severity of resulting acceptance issues, resolvability of conflicts, and the level of resources required.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Conflict here refers to value conflicts.","b":[{"path":["resource_allocation","conflict"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"resolving value conflicts requires resources","reading":"resources are a prerequisite for resolving conflicts","insight":"resolving value conflicts is resource-dependent, so prioritization is needed."}}]},{"id":"dewildt2019#4","study":"dewildt2019","text":"Affordable policies are currently limited, but the impact in terms of social acceptance may be large.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: affordable policies addressing socio-economic disparities","note":{"evidence":"impact in terms of social acceptance may be large","reading":"hedged expectation about policy impact","insight":"although few affordable policies exist, they could matter a lot for acceptance."}}]},{"id":"diaz-motta2023#1","study":"diaz-motta2023","text":"The high production cost of offshore wind energy ammonia, ranging from 600 USD/t NH3 to 1500 USD/t NH3 is identified as the main barrier to its deployment.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["cost","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the main barrier to its deployment","reading":"cost is stated as a limiter of deployment","insight":"economic competitiveness, not social factors, is the main obstacle to offshore wind ammonia uptake."}}]},{"id":"diaz-motta2023#2","study":"diaz-motta2023","text":"However, a significant reduction in the capital cost of offshore wind energy and electrolyzers in the long term as well as enhancements in the operational flexibility of the Haber-Bosch synthesis could make it affordable.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["cost","economic_viability"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Negative","cond":"phase: long term; setting: capital cost of offshore wind and electrolyzers","note":{"evidence":"could make it affordable","reading":"hedged prediction that lower cost improves viability","insight":"cost reduction is the conditional path to affordability."}}]},{"id":"dilshara2025#1","study":"dilshara2025","text":"Plant-based mechanisms to remove and remediate toxic metals from contaminated soils have gained wide social acceptance which ensures the well-being of human and healthy environment.","zone":"Background","obs":"Well-being is coded loosely as social_consequence; the abstract names no more specific existing concept.","b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","social_consequence"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"gained wide social acceptance which ensures the well-being of human and healthy environment","reading":"weak fit; acceptance is stated to ensure well-being, coded as enabling","insight":"acceptance of plant-based remediation is presented as linked to human and environmental well-being."}}]},{"id":"dinca2023#1","study":"dinca2023","text":"This research examined the obstacles/challenges that have an impact on the adoption of renewable energy from the point of view of Romanian companies.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Obstacles are represented by the existing concept institutional_barrier as a general barrier term.","b":[{"path":["institutional_barrier","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"obstacles/challenges that have an impact on the adoption of renewable energy","reading":"unsigned impact of obstacles, so INFLUENCES Unspecified, framed as an investigation","insight":"obstacles are treated as the central factors shaping corporate adoption of renewables."}}]},{"id":"dinca2023#2","study":"dinca2023","text":"The data was processed with the structural equation modelling (SEM) and the results revealed that market (economic), technological and administrative obstacles affect with a major impact the implementation of renewable energy technologies in Romania.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["financial_barrier","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: market (economic) obstacles; major impact","note":{"evidence":"market (economic), technological and administrative obstacles affect with a major impact","reading":"obstacles are read as limiting implementation","insight":"economic obstacles are among the strongest impediments to corporate renewable implementation."}},{"path":["technological_barrier","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: technological obstacles; major impact","note":{"evidence":"technological ... obstacles affect with a major impact","reading":"obstacle wording implies constraint","insight":"technological barriers strongly shape implementation."}},{"path":["institutional_barrier","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: administrative obstacles; major impact","note":{"evidence":"administrative obstacles affect with a major impact","reading":"administrative obstacles limit implementation","insight":"administrative hurdles are as consequential as economic and technological ones."}}]},{"id":"dinca2023#3","study":"dinca2023","text":"Community (social) and organisational obstacles have been determined to influence with a medium effect on the deployment of renewable energy technologies in Romania.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_consequence","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: community (social) obstacles; medium effect","note":{"evidence":"Community (social) ... obstacles ... influence with a medium effect","reading":"obstacles are read as constraints","insight":"social obstacles matter less than market, technological and administrative ones."}},{"path":["sector_challenge","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: organisational obstacles; medium effect","note":{"evidence":"organisational obstacles ... influence with a medium effect","reading":"organisational obstacles limit deployment","insight":"internal organisational factors have a moderate effect on deployment."}}]},{"id":"donald2022#1","study":"donald2022","text":"Lower levels of support for wind and hydro technologies were seen in provinces that recently experienced development.","zone":"Result","obs":"The direction of effect is read from the comparison across provinces; causality is not established.","b":[{"path":["deployment","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: wind and hydro technologies in provinces with recent development","note":{"evidence":"Lower levels of support for wind and hydro technologies were seen in provinces that recently experienced development","reading":"association between recent development and lower support, worded as an observed pattern","insight":"recent local experience of development can coincide with lower support rather than higher."}}]},{"id":"donald2022#2","study":"donald2022","text":"Using regression analysis, we found support for each of the technologies was influenced by a different set of factors.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: factor sets differ by technology","note":{"evidence":"support for each of the technologies was influenced by a different set of factors","reading":"factors are unnamed in this sentence, so a generic concept is used","insight":"drivers of support are technology-specific rather than uniform."}}]},{"id":"donald2022#3","study":"donald2022","text":"Important influencing factors included environmental and climate concern, familiarity with the technology, personal values, political affiliation, gender, age and education.","zone":"Result","obs":"Personal values and age are also listed but are not mapped because no matching existing concepts were used.","b":[{"path":["climate_change_belief","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Important influencing factors included environmental and climate concern","reading":"named as an important factor, direction not given","insight":"climate concern is a recurring driver of support."}},{"path":["technology_knowledge","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"familiarity with the technology","reading":"listed as influencing factor, no direction","insight":"familiarity shapes support."}},{"path":["political_partisanship","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"political affiliation","reading":"listed as influencing factor, no direction","insight":"political identity shapes support for renewables."}},{"path":["gender","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"gender","reading":"listed as influencing factor, no direction","insight":"sociodemographics matter for support."}},{"path":["education_training","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"age and education","reading":"listed as influencing factor, no direction","insight":"education is among the demographic influences on support."}}]},{"id":"doran2018#1","study":"doran2018","text":"These results give reason to assume that laypeople from Norway and Germany share a multifaceted understanding of energy transition, yet some differences between samples were present with regard to the substructure of the individual level category.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["multi-faceted_dynamics","energy_transition"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"share a multifaceted understanding of energy transition","reading":"association between laypeople's multifaceted understanding and energy transition, hedged as an assumption from results","insight":"public representation of energy transition is structured across individual, societal and technological levels."}}]},{"id":"doran2018#2","study":"doran2018","text":"Future research can build on the present results to explore the subjective meanings of these structures, possibly identifying barriers to public engagement with energy transition.","zone":"Gap","obs":"The barriers are unspecified; the existing concept institutional_barrier is the closest fit.","b":[{"path":["institutional_barrier","public_engagement"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"possibly identifying barriers to public engagement with energy transition","reading":"barriers are a possible future finding, so hypothetical","insight":"mental representations may reveal obstacles to engagement, yet these remain unidentified."}}]},{"id":"doran2023#1","study":"doran2023","text":"Results indicate that the various pathways were associated with specific motives; for example, individual actions such as taking public transportation were closely associated with a self-restraint motive, pathways such as nuclear power and market strategies such as carbon offsets were closely associated with motives supporting free market and progress, and technological solutions such as solar panels and hydro power were associated with the motive for sufficient energy supply.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concepts approximate pathways and motives using existing project concepts.","b":[{"path":["technology_acceptance","attitude"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"pathways were associated with specific motives","reading":"explicit association without direction","insight":"perceived motives differ by pathway type, so perceptions of energy options are shaped by distinct value orientations."}}]},{"id":"doran2023#2","study":"doran2023","text":"Solar panels, wind farms, and hydropower were on average regarded as having a mitigating impact on climate change, whereas nuclear power was on average considered to have no mitigating impact.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technology_performance","climate_change_belief"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: solar panels, wind farms, hydropower","note":{"evidence":"regarded as having a mitigating impact on climate change","reading":"perceived effectiveness","insight":"renewables are seen as effective for climate mitigation."}},{"path":["technology_performance","climate_change_belief"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: nuclear power","note":{"evidence":"nuclear power was on average considered to have no mitigating impact","reading":"perceived absence of mitigating effect","insight":"nuclear is not seen as a climate solution despite association with progress motives."}}]},{"id":"dreyer2017#1","study":"dreyer2017","text":"Higher levels of perceived benefits and climate change beliefs were associated with increased acceptability of and support for tidal energy whereas greater perceived risks were associated with decreased acceptability and support (acceptability being an attitudinal construct, support a behavioral construct).","zone":"Result","obs":"Perceived benefits mapped to economic_advantage as closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["economic_advantage","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Higher levels of perceived benefits ... associated with increased acceptability","reading":"association wording, INFLUENCES positive","insight":"perceived benefits go with higher acceptability of tidal energy."}},{"path":["economic_advantage","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"increased acceptability of and support","reading":"benefits associated with support","insight":"benefit perception relates to both attitudinal and behavioral support."}},{"path":["climate_change_belief","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"climate change beliefs were associated with increased acceptability","reading":"positive association","insight":"climate beliefs underpin acceptance of tidal energy."}},{"path":["climate_change_belief","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"increased acceptability of and support","reading":"positive association","insight":"climate beliefs also relate to behavioral support."}},{"path":["risk_perception","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"greater perceived risks were associated with decreased acceptability","reading":"negative association","insight":"perceived risk erodes acceptability."}},{"path":["risk_perception","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"decreased acceptability and support","reading":"negative association","insight":"risk perception lowers behavioral support too."}}]},{"id":"dreyer2017#2","study":"dreyer2017","text":"Support declined once the project moved into the water from the lab, however, grid-connected pilot projects were more likely to be supported than those without grid-connection.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technological_maturity","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"phase: moving from lab to water","note":{"evidence":"Support declined once the project moved into the water from the lab","reading":"lifecycle stage shifts support","insight":"support depends on development stage and drops at in-water deployment."}}]},{"id":"dreyer2019#1","study":"dreyer2019","text":"Positive views were commonly associated with the need to address environmental issues, technological innovation and leadership, desire to have a diverse energy portfolio, and economic benefits.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["economic_advantage","attitude"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Positive views were commonly associated with ... economic benefits","reading":"explicit association without a direction of effect","insight":"perceived economic benefits accompany favourable views of tidal energy."}},{"path":["resource_diversification","attitude"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"desire to have a diverse energy portfolio","reading":"association with positive views","insight":"energy diversification motives are linked to favourable views."}},{"path":["technological_advancement","attitude"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"technological innovation and leadership","reading":"association with positive views","insight":"innovation framing is tied to favourable views."}}]},{"id":"dumbrell2022#1","study":"dumbrell2022","text":"However, it is expected that any transition to hydrogen at a meaningful scale or rate, will be dependent on the industry obtaining a social licence, underpinned by public acceptance.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: transition to hydrogen at meaningful scale or rate","note":{"evidence":"dependent on the industry obtaining a social licence, underpinned by public acceptance","reading":"dependency wording gives prerequisite first, and the expectation is hypothetical","insight":"hydrogen scale-up is framed as contingent on public acceptance."}}]},{"id":"dumbrell2022#2","study":"dumbrell2022","text":"Fractional multinomial logit model estimates found socio-demographic (e.g. age, location) and attitudinal characteristics (e.g. concern about climate change, hydrogen knowledge) statistically significantly influenced individuals' importance ratings of hydrogen industry characteristics.","zone":"Result","obs":"Importance ratings of industry characteristics are treated as public expectations, a mapping to the existing concept expectation.","b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","expectation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: socio-demographic and attitudinal characteristics such as age, location, climate concern, hydrogen knowledge","note":{"evidence":"statistically significantly influenced individuals' importance ratings","reading":"significant effect with no direction stated","insight":"public priorities for hydrogen vary with demographic and attitudinal profile rather than being uniform."}}]},{"id":"dunlap2023#1","study":"dunlap2023","text":"The European Commission and the Portuguese government are applying increasing political pressures to establish this mine to make international decarbonization benchmarks through rapidly expanding electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage system (ESS).","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"applying increasing political pressures to establish this mine","reading":"political pressure is described as driving the establishment of the mine","insight":"state pressure for decarbonization targets pushes extraction projects forward."}}]},{"id":"dunlap2023#2","study":"dunlap2023","text":"The Barroso agrarian communities are threatened with extensive socio-ecological impacts, leading locals, (some) climate activists and environmental organizations to reject this mining project.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","citizens"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"leading locals, (some) climate activists and environmental organizations to reject this mining project","reading":"opposition actors actively resist the mine","insight":"anticipated socio-ecological harm drives local rejection."}},{"path":["environmental_impact","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"threatened with extensive socio-ecological impacts, leading locals... to reject","reading":"perceived impacts lead to rejection","insight":"socio-ecological threat undermines acceptance."}}]},{"id":"dunlap2023#3","study":"dunlap2023","text":"We explore the subtle efforts attempting to engineer the social acceptance of the Mina do Barroso, revealing the `slow' social warfare tactics employed by the company to infiltrate rural social bonds, exploit psycho-social vulnerabilities and attempt to disable anti-mining organizing and unity within the region.","zone":"Aim","obs":"The company tactics are mapped to the generic concept communication.","b":[{"path":["communication","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: company tactics","note":{"evidence":"efforts attempting to engineer the social acceptance","reading":"company tactics are examined as attempts to shape acceptance","insight":"acceptance is treated as engineered through social pacification rather than organically produced."}}]},{"id":"dwyer2019#1","study":"dwyer2019","text":"Public acceptance of renewable energy technologies (RETs) is critical to the broader adoption of these technologies and reducing the role of fossil fuels in electricity generation.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"critical to the broader adoption","reading":"acceptance framed as prerequisite for adoption","insight":"acceptance is treated as a precondition for deployment of renewables."}}]},{"id":"dwyer2019#2","study":"dwyer2019","text":"Recent investigations into the public engagement processes surrounding RET projects reveal certain procedural deficits, especially concerning procedural fairness and stakeholder trust.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_engagement","trust"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"procedural deficits, especially concerning procedural fairness and stakeholder trust","reading":"engagement processes show deficits regarding trust","insight":"engagement processes often fall short on trust."}}]},{"id":"dwyer2019#3","study":"dwyer2019","text":"Through semi-structured interviews we identify certain procedural techniques that allowed process leaders to first build public trust in themselves, then in the process, and ultimately in the outcome.","zone":"Result","obs":"Procedural techniques are mapped to public_engagement.","b":[{"path":["public_engagement","trust"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"procedural techniques that allowed process leaders to first build public trust","reading":"techniques enabled trust building in sequence","insight":"trust accumulates sequentially from leaders to process to outcome."}}]},{"id":"dwyer2019#4","study":"dwyer2019","text":"This case study highlights the potential of such informal actions to meet stakeholder expectations and build trust, while also empirically demonstrating specific techniques that future process leaders could employ to increase stakeholder acceptance of RETs.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_engagement","trust"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: informal actions","note":{"evidence":"informal actions to meet stakeholder expectations and build trust","reading":"informal actions build trust","insight":"informal efforts can meet expectations and build trust."}},{"path":["trust","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"techniques that future process leaders could employ to increase stakeholder acceptance","reading":"prospective use of techniques","insight":"trust-building techniques are proposed as routes to acceptance."}}]},{"id":"earl2022#1","study":"earl2022","text":"Moreover, responsible sourcing from both large mines and small artisanal mines will be necessary for a resilient Co supply.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["regulation","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will be necessary for a resilient Co supply","reading":"placeholder."}}]},{"id":"eisele2024#1","study":"eisele2024","text":"Demand response (DR) and Energy Communities are highlighted as two key means to facilitate the energy transition in Europe by providing flexibility to the grid in a decentralized way.","zone":"Background","obs":"Deployment stands in for demand response and energy communities, which are not in the concept list.","b":[{"path":["deployment","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"two key means to facilitate the energy transition","reading":"demand response and energy communities are presented as means that make the transition possible, ENABLES","insight":"decentralized flexibility is framed as a prerequisite for the European energy transition."}}]},{"id":"eisele2024#2","study":"eisele2024","text":"Focusing specifically on Energy Communities in Spain, issues such as the split-incentive problem in technology investments, market rules favouring large generators, and the imperative for improved coordination in the electricity market and network operations are identified as significant hurdles to further DR development.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["institutional_barrier","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: Spanish energy communities","note":{"evidence":"identified as significant hurdles to further DR development","reading":"split incentives, market rules and weak coordination are named as hurdles, so CONSTRAINS","insight":"market and institutional structures, not technology, hinder demand response growth in energy communities."}}]},{"id":"eitan2020#1","study":"eitan2020","text":"Entrepreneurs are key agents in facilitating their promotion, as they improve the mix of the means of production and thus transform renewable energy technologies into viable energy systems.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concept public_private_cooperation is a loose proxy for entrepreneurs, who are not an existing concept; the entrepreneurial role is mapped to deployment.","b":[{"path":["public_private_cooperation","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Entrepreneurs are key agents in facilitating their promotion","reading":"entrepreneurs are framed as enablers of renewable energy promotion","insight":"entrepreneurial agency is positioned as a precondition for turning technologies into viable systems."}}]},{"id":"elkinani2023#1","study":"elkinani2023","text":"This is important as the combined consideration of these aspects is necessary for the sustainable implementation of wind energy projects.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"The combined aspects are technical, economic, environmental and social; sustainability_criteria is used as the closest existing concept for their combined consideration.","b":[{"path":["sustainability_criteria","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"combined consideration of these aspects is necessary for the sustainable implementation","reading":"necessity wording gives ENABLES; stated as a requirement, so Hypothetical","insight":"sustainable wind deployment depends on jointly considering technical, economic, environmental and social aspects rather than any one alone."}}]},{"id":"emmerich2020#1","study":"emmerich2020","text":"Technology acceptance represents a challenge for the successful implementation of emerging energy technologies.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technology_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Technology acceptance represents a challenge for the successful implementation","reading":"acceptance is framed as a prerequisite for implementation","insight":"lack of acceptance is treated as an obstacle to deploying emerging energy technologies."}}]},{"id":"emmerich2020#2","study":"emmerich2020","text":"Our model analyses factors such as trust in industry, trust in municipalities, perceived problems of the current energy system and environmental self-identity with regard to acceptance both in general (general acceptance) and in the context of a scenario featuring a nearby implementation (local acceptance).","zone":"Method","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["trust","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"moderator: general versus local acceptance; trust in industry and trust in municipalities","note":{"evidence":"trust in industry, trust in municipalities ... with regard to acceptance","reading":"model tests the effect of trust on acceptance","insight":"trust is examined at both general and local levels of acceptance."}}]},{"id":"emmerich2020#3","study":"emmerich2020","text":"These factors are mediated by affect and perceived effects, including perceived benefits, costs and risks.","zone":"Method","obs":"The referent 'these factors' are the socio-psychological factors named in the previous sentence.","b":[{"path":["trust","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"mediator: affect and perceived effects","note":{"evidence":"mediated by affect and perceived effects","reading":"model specifies mediation of the factors' effect on acceptance through perceived effects","insight":"acceptance factors act indirectly via perceived benefits, costs and risks."}}]},{"id":"enserink2024#1","study":"enserink2024","text":"Public participation in renewable energy projects is required in The Netherlands, as it is key to a socially just energy transition which embraces local and societal concerns.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["participation","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"it is key to a socially just energy transition","reading":"participation is framed as key to a just transition, so a prerequisite relation","insight":"participation is treated as a precondition for a just transition rather than an optional add-on."}}]},{"id":"enserink2024#2","study":"enserink2024","text":"However, todays permit procedures of local authorities focus on technical and economic factors, while other societal concerns seem to disappear in the development process of solar power plants (SPPs).","zone":"Gap","obs":"Societal concerns are coded as social_criteria; permit procedures are coded as regulation.","b":[{"path":["regulation","social_criteria"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"other societal concerns seem to disappear","reading":"the technical and economic focus of permit procedures crowds out societal concerns; the hedge 'seem' is kept","insight":"procedural focus on technical and economic criteria marginalises societal concerns in solar development."}}]},{"id":"enserink2024#3","study":"enserink2024","text":"This is mainly due to economic factors and a conventional approach to SPP development as monofunctional landuse.","zone":"Result","obs":"'This' refers to the finding that measures addressing societal concerns are more frequently altered or removed.","b":[{"path":["economic_viability","design_adaptation"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: measures addressing societal concerns","note":{"evidence":"mainly due to economic factors","reading":"economic factors are named as the main reason that measures are altered or removed","insight":"economic logic limits whether participatory proposals survive into the final design."}},{"path":["land_use_system","design_adaptation"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: measures addressing societal concerns","note":{"evidence":"conventional approach to SPP development as monofunctional landuse","reading":"the monofunctional land-use approach is a second cause","insight":"conventional land-use thinking blocks multifunctional measures from materializing."}}]},{"id":"enserink2024#4","study":"enserink2024","text":"We recommend improving policy, or directly changing subsidy requirements, to ensure a better balance of involved stakeholder groups and their possibilities to participate and affect the decision -making in SPP design processes.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","participation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"improving policy, or directly changing subsidy requirements","reading":"a recommendation proposing an effect, so hypothetical","insight":"policy and subsidy design are proposed levers for balancing stakeholder influence."}}]},{"id":"ertor-akyazi2012#1","study":"ertor-akyazi2012","text":"Econometric analyses revealed that knowledge of the climate change problem was a common factor that explained endorsement of both nuclear and renewables.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concept knowledge refers to knowledge of the climate change problem.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"knowledge of the climate change problem was a common factor that explained endorsement","reading":"explanatory factor, signed positive as it is associated with endorsement","insight":"climate knowledge underpins support for both nuclear and renewables, so it does not discriminate between them."}}]},{"id":"ertor-akyazi2012#2","study":"ertor-akyazi2012","text":"Yet, high levels of concern for the environment and a negative perception regarding its future differentiated the endorsers of renewables from those of nuclear energy.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["risk_perception","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: endorsers of renewables versus nuclear endorsers","note":{"evidence":"high levels of concern for the environment and a negative perception regarding its future differentiated the endorsers of renewables","reading":"concern and pessimism distinguish renewables endorsers","insight":"environmental worry channels support toward renewables rather than nuclear."}}]},{"id":"ertor-akyazi2012#3","study":"ertor-akyazi2012","text":"Endorsers of nuclear energy were found to be males who were knowledgeable about climate change and engaged in environmental issues, but less concerned about the environment, and optimistic about its future.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["optimism","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"population: nuclear energy endorsers","note":{"evidence":"optimistic about its future","reading":"optimism characterizes nuclear endorsers","insight":"nuclear support is linked to lower environmental concern and optimism about the environment's future."}}]},{"id":"ertor-akyazi2012#4","study":"ertor-akyazi2012","text":"Nuclear opponents, on the other hand, were found to be concerned about the environment, pessimistic about its future, and not fully relying on technology.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["risk_perception","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: nuclear energy","note":{"evidence":"Nuclear opponents ... were concerned about the environment, pessimistic about its future","reading":"environmental concern associated with nuclear opposition","insight":"environmental concern pushes people away from nuclear while favouring renewables."}}]},{"id":"escribano2023#1","study":"escribano2023","text":"Approaching public acceptance from a procedural justice framework, the article considers procedural justice as a pre-condition? For a fair policy-making process.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Policy stands in for the fair policy-making process; Procedural_Justice is a new concept not in the existing list.","b":[{"path":["procedural_justice","policy"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"considers procedural justice as a pre-condition? For a fair policy-making process","reading":"framed as a question of prerequisite, so ENABLES with Investigated status","insight":"procedural justice is examined as a necessary basis for fair policy-making around interconnections."}}]},{"id":"evrosimovska2019#1","study":"evrosimovska2019","text":"Many scholars have researched the networking occurrence, that is, the inter-connection of the firm with its foreign partners, customers and suppliers, as the most significant success determinant in internationalization (Sekliuckiene et al 2016, Johanson & Vahlne 2009).","zone":"Background","obs":"The concept adoption stands in for internationalization success, as no closer existing concept is available.","b":[{"path":["networking","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the most significant success determinant in internationalization","reading":"networking is presented as a success determinant","insight":"inter-firm connections are treated as the main driver of SME internationalization success."}}]},{"id":"evrosimovska2019#2","study":"evrosimovska2019","text":"SMEs have been viewed as weak and insecure enterprises when compared to bigger companies and crediting organizations are not very willing to finance exporting activities of SMEs (Ruiz and Perez, 2017).","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["risk_perception","financing"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"crediting organizations are not very willing to finance exporting activities","reading":"lenders' view of SMEs as weak and insecure limits financing","insight":"perceived weakness restricts SMEs' access to export finance."}}]},{"id":"evrosimovska2019#3","study":"evrosimovska2019","text":"Therefore, lack of capital and shortages of working capital to finance exports has been one of the major challenge for internationalization of SMEs and SMEs should invest in better financial managerial knowledge and expertise in order to efficiently manage the scarce resources and become successful in the international markets.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["financing","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"lack of capital and shortages of working capital","reading":"capital is a prerequisite and its lack is a barrier","insight":"capital shortage is a core barrier to SME internationalization."}},{"path":["knowledge","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"should invest in better financial managerial knowledge","reading":"a recommendation, so Hypothetical","insight":"managerial financial knowledge is proposed as a route to international success."}}]},{"id":"fernandez-arias2024#1","study":"fernandez-arias2024","text":"The 21st century has seen a resurgence of interest in nuclear energy, driven by concerns about climate change, although these topics are still relatively underrepresented in specialized literature.","zone":"Background","obs":"The concept 'interest' is not in the existing project concepts; the nearest fit is attitude or support.","b":[{"path":["climate_change_belief","interest"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"driven by concerns about climate change","reading":"concern about climate change is said to drive renewed interest in nuclear energy","insight":"climate concern revives interest in nuclear energy, yet the topic remains underrepresented in specialized literature."}}]},{"id":"fernandez-arias2024#2","study":"fernandez-arias2024","text":"Surprisingly, an apparent lack of scientific interest in international collaboration is detected, despite its recognized importance in addressing global challenges and promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy.","zone":"Gap","obs":"The outcome is loosely worded as peaceful use of nuclear energy, mapped here to deployment.","b":[{"path":["international_collaboration","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"recognized importance in addressing global challenges and promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy","reading":"collaboration is described as important for addressing global challenges and for peaceful use of nuclear energy","insight":"collaboration is deemed important yet is understudied."}}]},{"id":"fisch-romito2025#1","study":"fisch-romito2025","text":"Public acceptance, investment risks and infrastructure lock-in contribute the most to model performance improvement.","zone":"Result","obs":"technology_performance is used for the modelled hindcasting performance, not technology performance as such.","b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","technology_performance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Public acceptance, investment risks and infrastructure lock-in contribute the most to model performance improvement","reading":"acceptance as a model factor improves modelled pathway performance","insight":"public acceptance is among the most valuable societal factors for making transition models match observed capacity."}},{"path":["risk","technology_performance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"investment risks ... contribute the most to model performance improvement","reading":"parallel factor","insight":"investment risk adds explanatory power to modelled pathways."}},{"path":["infrastructure_lock_in","technology_performance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"infrastructure lock-in contribute the most to model performance improvement","reading":"parallel factor","insight":"path dependence in infrastructure improves model realism."}}]},{"id":"flath2024#1","study":"flath2024","text":"We find a fragmentation of the different strategic goals and approaches towards the market ramp-up of hydrogen technologies, which results from a deficient multilateral coordination within the federal system.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concept 'coordination' is new; 'policy_framework' stands for the coherence of strategies.","b":[{"path":["coordination","policy_framework"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"results from a deficient multilateral coordination","reading":"deficient coordination is stated as the cause of strategic fragmentation, so the effect of coordination on policy coherence is positive","insight":"weak coordination in federal systems fragments hydrogen strategies, undermining a coherent market ramp-up."}}]},{"id":"flath2024#2","study":"flath2024","text":"Hydrogen coordination in Germany is constrained by party-political and territorial conflicts, but also by the interaction between intra- and intergovernmental dynamics.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["conflict","coordination"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: party-political and territorial conflicts","note":{"evidence":"constrained by party-political and territorial conflicts","reading":"conflicts are stated as limiting coordination","insight":"political and territorial conflicts, not only technical issues, limit hydrogen governance."}}]},{"id":"flath2024#3","study":"flath2024","text":"Thus, to prevent fragmentation of complex energy transition issues, such as hydrogen, regular coordination is required at both the intra- and intergovernmental levels.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["coordination","policy_framework"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: intra- and intergovernmental levels","note":{"evidence":"regular coordination is required","reading":"coordination is a prerequisite for preventing fragmentation; a prescription, hence Hypothetical","insight":"regular coordination across government levels is needed for coherent energy transition strategies."}}]},{"id":"fofack-garcia2023#1","study":"fofack-garcia2023","text":"How do ecological factors shape decision-making, and what ecological factors are involved?","zone":"Aim","obs":"Ecological factors are mapped to environmental_impact and decision-making to policy, the closest existing concepts.","b":[{"path":["environmental_impact","policy"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"How do ecological factors shape decision-making","reading":"question posed without an answer, so Investigated; the concept policy stands in for decision-making","insight":"licensing of floating wind is treated as shaped by ecological considerations, whose role is still to be established."}}]},{"id":"francis2022#1","study":"francis2022","text":"Lack of comprehensive consultations with relevant stakeholders leads to lower acceptance of the policy model and sometimes lack of policy awareness.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["community_engagement","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Lack of comprehensive consultations with relevant stakeholders leads to lower acceptance","reading":"lack of consultation is coded through consultation (community_engagement) with a positive effect on acceptance","insight":"inadequate stakeholder consultation undermines acceptance of the policy model."}},{"path":["community_engagement","public_awareness"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"sometimes lack of policy awareness","reading":"lack of consultation sometimes reduces policy awareness","insight":"consultation also supports awareness of policy."}}]},{"id":"francis2022#2","study":"francis2022","text":"Again, the unavailability and affordability of renewable energy technologies and access to credit facilities is a significant hurdle to long-term renewable transition.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["financing","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"access to credit facilities is a significant hurdle to long-term renewable transition","reading":"limited credit access hinders the transition","insight":"financing access is a barrier to the transition."}},{"path":["cost","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"unavailability and affordability of renewable energy technologies","reading":"technology unaffordability hinders the transition","insight":"affordability is a barrier."}}]},{"id":"francis2022#3","study":"francis2022","text":"The study participants believe that the involvement of relevant energy experts and stakeholders devoid of any political biases is instrumental in accelerating renewable energy transitions, as emphasized in the proposed framework.","zone":"Result","obs":"Attributed to the study participants.","b":[{"path":["stakeholder_perspective","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"condition: stakeholders free of political bias","note":{"evidence":"instrumental in accelerating renewable energy transitions","reading":"participants' belief that unbiased expert and stakeholder involvement speeds the transition","insight":"depoliticised stakeholder involvement is seen as an accelerator."}}]},{"id":"francois2024#1","study":"francois2024","text":"If the technical feasibility concludes that it is impossible to use a fleet entirely composed of electric vehicles, a fleet composed only of hydrogen vehicles would involve high TCO and GWP.","zone":"Result","obs":"TCO is total cost of ownership; GWP is global warming potential, here treated as cost and environmental impact.","b":[{"path":["technological_barrier","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: fleet entirely composed of electric vehicles","note":{"evidence":"impossible to use a fleet entirely composed of electric vehicles","reading":"technical feasibility limits full electric fleet deployment","insight":"technical limits prevent a fully electric fleet, so a single-technology solution is not viable."}},{"path":["cost","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: fleet composed only of hydrogen vehicles","note":{"evidence":"would involve high TCO and GWP","reading":"high cost and environmental impact of hydrogen-only fleet restrict its viability, hedged by 'would'","insight":"hydrogen-only fleets trade feasibility for high cost and emissions burden."}}]},{"id":"frank2018#1","study":"frank2018","text":"Our results indicate that policymakers should focus on building local knowledge related to RES for local actors and with enhancing public-private cooperation activities.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["knowledge","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"building local knowledge related to RES","reading":"recommendation derived from results, prescriptive so Hypothetical","insight":"local knowledge is framed as a lever for RES development."}},{"path":["public_private_cooperation","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"enhancing public-private cooperation activities","reading":"recommendation based on results, prescriptive","insight":"cooperation across sectors is treated as a lever for RES development."}}]},{"id":"frank2018#2","study":"frank2018","text":"However, we did not find that locational factors such as direct incentives and energy and emissions reductions have a direct impact on RES.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["economic_incentive","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"direct effect","note":{"evidence":"did not find","reading":"non-significant direct effect, so Inconclusive","insight":"incentives show no direct effect on local RES development."}},{"path":["emissions","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"direct effect","note":{"evidence":"energy and emissions reductions have a direct impact on RES","reading":"non-significant direct effect","insight":"emissions reduction goals show no direct effect on local RES development."}}]},{"id":"fraser2020#1","study":"fraser2020","text":"On average, introducing renewable energy improves social equity, any financial burden on electricity prices is born most by wealthier residents, not the poor, and towns are predisposed to benefit from renewables no matter the amount introduced.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","social_equity"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"introducing renewable energy improves social equity","reading":"asserted average finding","insight":"renewable deployment tends to improve equity on average, with price burdens falling more on wealthier residents."}}]},{"id":"fraser2020#2","study":"fraser2020","text":"To improve these impacts, towns can increase the amount of solar they host, or they can adjust the amount of CO2 emissions, PM emissions, tax revenue, jobs gained, or unpopular renewable power plants in their town.","zone":"Result","obs":"Impacts are interpreted as equity outcomes from the preceding sentence.","b":[{"path":["deployment","social_equity"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: increasing the amount of solar hosted","note":{"evidence":"increase the amount of solar they host","reading":"modeled lever improving impacts","insight":"local solar capacity is a lever for equity outcomes."}}]},{"id":"fraser2020#3","study":"fraser2020","text":"Age, education, and local preferences in favor of employment and community development all significantly relate to equity potential outcomes.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["education_training","social_equity"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"significantly relate to equity potential outcomes","reading":"association without stated direction","insight":"demographics and local preferences condition who benefits from the transition."}}]},{"id":"fritzen2008#1","study":"fritzen2008","text":"Recent environmental awareness results particularly from the phenomenon of global warming, the limitation of the combustible resources and the lack of public acceptance of nuclear power plants including the problem to find appropiate nuclear waste deposites, has pushed renewable sources of energy towards the top of the power generation agenda.","zone":"Background","obs":"The sentence also links awareness to renewables' rise on the agenda, but only the awareness relation is coded.","b":[{"path":["climate_change_belief","public_awareness"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"environmental awareness results particularly from the phenomenon of global warming","reading":"global warming is stated as a source of awareness","insight":"environmental concern about climate change raises awareness that favours renewables."}}]},{"id":"fritzen2008#2","study":"fritzen2008","text":"Since the energy gain from off-shore power plants (OWEP) is higher as onshore, many offshore wind parks worldwide are projected.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technology_performance","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"energy gain ... is higher as onshore, many offshore wind parks worldwide are projected","reading":"higher energy yield motivates planned offshore deployment","insight":"performance advantage drives offshore deployment despite other drawbacks."}}]},{"id":"fritzen2008#3","study":"fritzen2008","text":"The other side of the medal is that the costs for inspections and maintenance offshore are much higher that for onshore plants.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["maintenance_practice","economic_viability"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"costs for inspections and maintenance offshore are much higher","reading":"high maintenance costs are a drawback limiting economic viability","insight":"offshore yield advantage is offset by higher operating costs."}}]},{"id":"galeano2024#1","study":"galeano2024","text":"Additionally, the article examines Colombia's historical and future trajectory in nuclear energy, emphasizing the importance of a robust regulatory framework, sustainable mining practices, public education, and awareness.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["regulatory_framework","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"importance of a robust regulatory framework","reading":"framework presented as important for nuclear trajectory, treated as prerequisite","insight":"nuclear development is framed as dependent on institutional preconditions."}},{"path":["public_education","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"importance of ... public education, and awareness","reading":"education emphasized as needed for nuclear development","insight":"public education is positioned as a precondition for nuclear deployment."}}]},{"id":"galeano2024#2","study":"galeano2024","text":"The study concludes with strategic recommendations for Colombia, advocating for continuous training, international cooperation, exploration of economic opportunities, and investment in renewable energies alongside nuclear power to ensure a sustainable and diversified energy future.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["international_collaboration","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"advocating for continuous training, international cooperation","reading":"recommendation, not tested effect","insight":"cooperation and training are proposed as enablers of a diversified energy future."}}]},{"id":"galjak2024#1","study":"galjak2024","text":"Surprisingly, nationalist views did not significantly align with fossil fuel preferences, differentiating Serbia from Western European trends.","zone":"Result","obs":"Nationalist orientation is mapped to the closest existing concept, political_partisanship; fossil fuel preference is mapped to fossil_fuel_association.","b":[{"path":["political_partisanship","fossil_fuel_association"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: nationalist views","note":{"evidence":"nationalist views did not significantly align with fossil fuel preferences","reading":"non-significant association, so Inconclusive","insight":"nationalism does not translate into fossil fuel preference in Serbia, unlike Western European trends."}}]},{"id":"galjak2024#2","study":"galjak2024","text":"Geopolitical considerations, such as Serbia's relationship with Russia, did not strongly influence public opinion.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["political_partisanship","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: pro-Russian attitudes","note":{"evidence":"did not strongly influence public opinion","reading":"weak or absent influence, coded Inconclusive","insight":"geopolitical ties to Russia appear to play little role in shaping energy attitudes."}}]},{"id":"galjak2024#3","study":"galjak2024","text":"These findings underscore the importance of considering public preferences in shaping Serbia's energy policy, emphasizing the need for investment in renewables.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_support","policy"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"importance of considering public preferences in shaping Serbia's energy policy","reading":"prescriptive claim, so Hypothetical","insight":"public preferences are presented as a prerequisite for effective energy policy."}}]},{"id":"gallaher2023#1","study":"gallaher2023","text":"In this study, we analyze how federal and regional plans for expanding the OWE sector in the United States brought to the surface decade-long tensions related to multi-scale governance mismatches, jurisdictional conflicts, and unclear pathways for implementing national industrial policies.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Deployment is used for the OWE sector expansion plans.","b":[{"path":["deployment","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"brought to the surface decade-long tensions","reading":"expansion plans are examined as surfacing governance tensions and jurisdictional conflicts","insight":"offshore wind expansion exposes long-standing governance mismatches rather than creating them."}}]},{"id":"gallaher2023#2","study":"gallaher2023","text":"These insights provide critical information to ensure that the United States expansion into offshore energy generation is characterized by elements of justice, equity, and inclusive regional economic development.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_justice","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"ensure that the United States expansion into offshore energy generation is characterized by elements of justice, equity","reading":"justice is framed as a desired characteristic of expansion, a prescriptive claim","insight":"the study frames justice and equity as conditions for legitimate offshore expansion."}}]},{"id":"ganowski2020#1","study":"ganowski2020","text":"Energy storage (ES), both grid-scale and behind-the-meter, will depend largely upon domestic acceptance of the technology in the public sphere.","zone":"Background","obs":"Deployment is the closest existing concept for the ES rollout the sentence refers to.","b":[{"path":["acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will depend largely upon domestic acceptance","reading":"dependency wording makes acceptance a prerequisite, and the future tense marks a prediction","insight":"the future of energy storage is framed as contingent on public acceptance."}}]},{"id":"ganowski2020#2","study":"ganowski2020","text":"We then examine how these discursive trends may drive or hinder ES adoption in the two countries and assess the broader role of news media in energy system change.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["media_narrative","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how these discursive trends may drive or hinder ES adoption","reading":"the direction is open, so the sign is Unspecified and the status is Investigated","insight":"media discourse is treated as a possible driver or barrier of adoption."}}]},{"id":"ganowski2020#3","study":"ganowski2020","text":"(2) that techno-optimism is important for energy system change;","zone":"Result","obs":"The sentence is a fragment of a list of findings.","b":[{"path":["optimism","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"techno-optimism is important for energy system change","reading":"importance is read as a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"optimism about technology appears necessary for energy system change as reflected in media discourse."}}]},{"id":"gegg2017#1","study":"gegg2017","text":"Further research is needed to ensure that a proactive approach is used to research and inform stakeholders who will affect the further technological development and commercialization of the industry.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["stakeholder_perspective","technological_advancement"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"stakeholders who will affect the further technological development and commercialization","reading":"stakeholders are expected to affect development, direction unspecified","insight":"stakeholder views are treated as a factor shaping whether the industry develops, so early engagement is argued to matter."}}]},{"id":"gegg2019#1","study":"gegg2019","text":"However, while technological issues are progressively being solved, wider issues of stakeholder and public perception have largely been ignored, potentially hindering the development of this technology.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Stakeholder and public perception is mapped to stakeholder_perspective; development of the technology is mapped to deployment.","b":[{"path":["stakeholder_perspective","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"potentially hindering the development of this technology","reading":"hedged 'potentially' marks an untested possibility, so Hypothetical","insight":"neglected perception issues may block deployment even when technical problems are being resolved."}}]},{"id":"gegg2019#2","study":"gegg2019","text":"This information will enable two-way communication between everyone involved and increase the likelihood of successfully developing this supply chain.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"increase the likelihood of successfully developing this supply chain","reading":"a predicted benefit of communication, not tested","insight":"communication among all parties is expected to raise the chance of successful supply chain development."}}]},{"id":"ghosn2024#1","study":"ghosn2024","text":"Results indicate that despite facing challenges such as financial investment, technological advancement, and public acceptance, collaborative efforts between the government, private sector, and communities have led to significant progress in promoting renewable energy.","zone":"Result","obs":"Deployment stands for progress in promoting renewable energy.","b":[{"path":["public_private_cooperation","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"collaborative efforts between the government, private sector, and communities have led to significant progress","reading":"collaboration is described as leading to progress, coded as enabling deployment","insight":"collaboration across government, private sector and communities is presented as progress driver despite persistent acceptance, finance and technology challenges."}}]},{"id":"ghosn2024#2","study":"ghosn2024","text":"The study ultimately calls for continued innovation, supportive policies, and international cooperation to overcome remaining barriers and fully realize the potential of renewable energy in Malaysia.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy_support","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"supportive policies... to overcome remaining barriers and fully realize the potential","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so hypothetical","insight":"realizing renewable potential is framed as dependent on supportive policy."}},{"path":["international_collaboration","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"international cooperation to overcome remaining barriers","reading":"recommendation framed as prerequisite","insight":"external cooperation is positioned as needed to overcome barriers to renewable deployment."}}]},{"id":"gibbs2023#1","study":"gibbs2023","text":"These contextual differences combined to produce social comparison processes that led to the construction of different equity perceptions.","zone":"Result","obs":"The study is on offshore outsourcing of work, not energy technology acceptance; concepts are new to the project vocabulary.","b":[{"path":["social_comparison","equity_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"joint with: contextual differences","note":{"evidence":"social comparison processes that led to the construction of different equity perceptions","reading":"causal wording 'led to' gives INFLUENCES, direction unspecified","insight":"equity perceptions of similar assignments diverge through context-dependent social comparison."}}]},{"id":"glanz2021#1","study":"glanz2021","text":"Transformation concepts towards a low-carbon society often require new technology and infrastructure that evoke protests in the population.","zone":"Background","obs":"Technology and infrastructure are mapped to technology_acceptance as the contested object.","b":[{"path":["technology_acceptance","citizens"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"new technology and infrastructure that evoke protests in the population","reading":"protest is active resistance by an actor, so CONTESTED-BY","insight":"low-carbon transformation infrastructure meets active public resistance."}}]},{"id":"glanz2021#2","study":"glanz2021","text":"Therefore, it is crucial to understand positions and conflicts in society to achieve social acceptance.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["stakeholder_perspective","social_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"crucial to understand positions and conflicts in society to achieve social acceptance","reading":"understanding positions is stated as a prerequisite","insight":"acceptance depends on grasping societal positions and conflicts."}}]},{"id":"glanz2021#3","study":"glanz2021","text":"In further decisions, this balancing of arguments combined with openness of technology, transparency of information and citizen participation need to be considered to achieve broad acceptance.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"joint with: balancing of arguments, openness of technology","note":{"evidence":"transparency of information","reading":"prescribed requirement for broad acceptance","insight":"acceptance requires transparent information alongside balanced arguments."}},{"path":["participation","acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"joint with: balancing of arguments, transparency of information","note":{"evidence":"citizen participation need to be considered to achieve broad acceptance","reading":"prescribed requirement","insight":"citizen participation is framed as necessary for broad acceptance."}}]},{"id":"goelz2018#1","study":"goelz2018","text":"In this paper we pursue the hypothesis that acceptance of the energy transition is not merely determined by technology acceptance but also by the perception of socio-institutional stakeholders and the perception of fairness.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Fairness is mapped to energy_justice.","b":[{"path":["technology_acceptance","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"not merely determined by technology acceptance","reading":"hypothesis; technology acceptance is a determinant but not the only one","insight":"acceptance of the transition is not reducible to technology acceptance."}},{"path":["stakeholder_perspective","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"also by the perception of socio-institutional stakeholders","reading":"hypothesised additional determinant","insight":"perceptions of institutional actors shape acceptance beyond technology."}},{"path":["energy_justice","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the perception of fairness","reading":"hypothesised determinant","insight":"fairness perception is proposed as a distinct driver of acceptance."}}]},{"id":"goelz2018#2","study":"goelz2018","text":"Additional influences are assumed to arise from the perception of regional added values and the trust in various socio-institutional stakeholders.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["economic_value","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: regional added value","note":{"evidence":"perception of regional added values","reading":"assumed influence","insight":"local economic benefits are expected to matter for acceptance."}},{"path":["trust","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: trust in socio-institutional stakeholders","note":{"evidence":"trust in various socio-institutional stakeholders","reading":"assumed influence","insight":"trust in institutions is expected to shape acceptance."}}]},{"id":"goelz2018#3","study":"goelz2018","text":"Furthermore, we expect fairness to be a mediating variable for acceptance.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_justice","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"moderator: mediating role of fairness","note":{"evidence":"fairness to be a mediating variable for acceptance","reading":"expected mediation","insight":"fairness may be the channel through which other factors affect acceptance."}}]},{"id":"goelz2018#4","study":"goelz2018","text":"Results show evidence that perception of stakeholders and fairness is important for the regional acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["stakeholder_perspective","community_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"perception of stakeholders and fairness is important for the regional acceptance","reading":"importance reported without direction","insight":"stakeholder perception matters for regional acceptance."}},{"path":["energy_justice","community_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"perception of stakeholders and fairness is important","reading":"importance without stated direction","insight":"fairness is relevant to regional acceptance."}}]},{"id":"goers2021#1","study":"goers2021","text":"Associated threats are demographic developments, lack of social acceptance and renewable energy resource volatility.","zone":"Result","obs":"The threat is identified in the SWOT of renewable energy deployment.","b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"lack of social acceptance\" as a threat","reading":"the lack of acceptance is coded as the deficit of the enabling factor, with a threat to deployment implied by the SWOT framing","insight":"social acceptance is treated as a prerequisite whose absence threatens regional renewable deployment."}}]},{"id":"goers2021#2","study":"goers2021","text":"Furthermore, we discover that the role of governments in guiding and managing regional energy transitions is highly important.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["government_role","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"role of governments in guiding and managing regional energy transitions is highly important","reading":"governments are said to guide and manage transitions, with no direction of effect given","insight":"government steering is seen as central to regional transition outcomes."}}]},{"id":"goersch2025#1","study":"goersch2025","text":"As expected, acceptability judgements are less stable for novel (i.e., geothermal energy and CCS) than for established technologies (i.e., wind and nuclear energy).","zone":"Result","obs":"Concept acceptance stands for stability of acceptability judgements.","b":[{"path":["technological_maturity","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: novel versus established technologies","note":{"evidence":"less stable for novel","reading":"technology novelty affects stability of acceptability judgements; maturity is the proxy concept","insight":"acceptance of novel technologies is more volatile than that of established ones."}}]},{"id":"goersch2025#2","study":"goersch2025","text":"Moreover, the more ambivalent people felt towards a technology and the less an energy technology was personally important to them, the less stable their acceptability judgements.","zone":"Result","obs":"Acceptance denotes stability of acceptability judgements; interest approximates perceived personal importance.","b":[{"path":["attitude","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"moderator: ambivalence","note":{"evidence":"the more ambivalent people felt","reading":"ambivalence lowers stability","insight":"mixed feelings make acceptability judgements less stable."}},{"path":["interest","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"less ... personally important","reading":"personal importance raises stability","insight":"personally important technologies yield more stable judgements."}}]},{"id":"goersch2025#3","study":"goersch2025","text":"Yet, neither knowledge nor personal values were significantly related to stability of acceptability judgements.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["knowledge","acceptance"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"neither knowledge ... significantly related","reading":"non-significant association","insight":"knowing more about a technology does not make judgements more stable."}}]},{"id":"goersch2025#4","study":"goersch2025","text":"Interestingly, acceptability judgements were associated with citizenship behavior regardless of how stable acceptability judgements were.","zone":"Result","obs":"Action stands for citizenship behaviour.","b":[{"path":["acceptance","action"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"moderator: stability of judgements does not alter it","note":{"evidence":"associated with citizenship behavior regardless","reading":"association holds irrespective of stability","insight":"even unstable acceptability judgements go with citizenship behaviour."}}]},{"id":"goffetti2018#1","study":"goffetti2018","text":"Energy transitions require strategic plans that minimize inefficiencies and maximize energy production in a sustainable way.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["transition_planning","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Energy transitions require strategic plans","reading":"'require' marks a prerequisite, so ENABLES with plan first","insight":"strategic planning is framed as a precondition for energy transitions, not an optional addition."}}]},{"id":"goodwin2024#1","study":"goodwin2024","text":"However, being certified as low-carbon, clean, or green hydrogen does not guarantee broader sustainability across economic, environmental, social, or governance dimensions.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Concept ccs is used as the closest existing concept for certification; no exact concept exists.","b":[{"path":["ccs","sustainability_criteria"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"does not guarantee broader sustainability","reading":"certification is not sufficient for sustainability","insight":"certification labels may not capture wider sustainability dimensions."}}]},{"id":"goodwin2024#2","study":"goodwin2024","text":"Within the confines of the data, some differences in viewpoints emerged based on respondents' geographical and supply chain locations, which were associated with the sharing of costs and benefits.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","benefit_distribution"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: geographical and supply chain location of respondents","note":{"evidence":"associated with the sharing of costs and benefits","reading":"association without direction","insight":"stakeholders' position shapes views on how costs and benefits are shared."}}]},{"id":"goodwin2024#3","study":"goodwin2024","text":"Qualitatively, respondents found the idea of SCL harmonisation attractive but weighed this against the risks of duplication, complicated administrative procedures, and contradictory regulation.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["regulation","coordination"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"risks of duplication, complicated administrative procedures, and contradictory regulation","reading":"perceived risks weigh against harmonisation","insight":"harmonisation appeal is tempered by administrative and regulatory complexity."}}]},{"id":"gordon2023a#1","study":"gordon2023a","text":"However, prospective hydrogen futures, and especially the domestic hydrogen transition, face multiple barriers which reflect the cross-sectoral dynamics of achieving economies of scale and social acceptance.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Deployment stands for the hydrogen transition; the barriers are attributed to dynamics of achieving economies of scale and social acceptance.","b":[{"path":["multi-faceted_dynamics","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: domestic hydrogen transition","note":{"evidence":"face multiple barriers which reflect the cross-sectoral dynamics","reading":"barriers are tied to dynamics of achieving scale and acceptance, coded as a constraint on deployment","insight":"acceptance is one of several interlinked cross-sectoral conditions that hinder the domestic transition."}}]},{"id":"gordon2023a#2","study":"gordon2023a","text":"In parallel to techno-economic feasibility, the right policies will be needed to create an even playing field for green hydrogen technologies, while also supporting stakeholder symbiosis and consumer buy-in.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Acceptance represents consumer buy-in and stakeholder symbiosis.","b":[{"path":["policy","acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the right policies will be needed","reading":"a prerequisite stated as a future requirement, so Hypothetical","insight":"consumer buy-in is framed as dependent on policy design, alongside techno-economic feasibility."}}]},{"id":"gordon2024a#1","study":"gordon2024a","text":"For the transition to transpire, the attitudes and perceptions of consumers must be factored into policy making efforts.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["attitude","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the attitudes and perceptions of consumers must be factored into policy making","reading":"prerequisite wording (must) for the transition, a requirement and so Hypothetical","insight":"consumer attitudes are framed as a precondition for a successful transition."}}]},{"id":"gordon2024a#2","study":"gordon2024a","text":"The results draw attention to the importance of interest and engagement in environmental issues, knowledge and awareness of renewable energy technologies, and early adoption potential, as key drivers of domestic hydrogen acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["interest","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"key drivers of domestic hydrogen acceptance","reading":"drivers implies a positive influence","insight":"environmental interest and engagement drive acceptance of domestic hydrogen."}},{"path":["knowledge","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"knowledge and awareness of renewable energy technologies","reading":"listed as a key driver","insight":"familiarity with renewables supports hydrogen acceptance."}},{"path":["adoption","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"early adoption potential","reading":"key driver of acceptance","insight":"early-adopter disposition is linked to higher acceptance."}}]},{"id":"gordon2024b#1","study":"gordon2024b","text":"Leveraging the foundations of the unified theory of domestic hydrogen acceptance, the analysis suggests that production perceptions, public trust, perceived relative advantage, safety perceptions, knowledge and awareness, and positive emotions will shape consumer support for hydrogen homes.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["trust","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"public trust ... will shape consumer support","reading":"analysis suggests, hedged interpretation of findings so Affirmed","insight":"trust is one of several parallel perceptual drivers of consumer support for hydrogen homes."}},{"path":["relative_advantage","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"perceived relative advantage ... will shape consumer support","reading":"parallel driver","insight":"perceived advantage over alternatives underpins support."}},{"path":["risk_perception","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"concept: safety perceptions","note":{"evidence":"safety perceptions ... will shape consumer support","reading":"parallel driver, direction taken from the favourable-factor grouping","insight":"safety perceptions shape support."}},{"path":["knowledge","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"knowledge and awareness ... will shape consumer support","reading":"parallel driver","insight":"knowledge contributes to support."}}]},{"id":"gordon2024b#2","study":"gordon2024b","text":"Conversely, perceived disruptive impacts, perceived socio-economic costs, financial perceptions, and negative emotions may impede the domestic hydrogen transition.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["cost","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"concept: perceived socio-economic costs and financial perceptions","note":{"evidence":"may impede the domestic hydrogen transition","reading":"hedged finding interpretation so Affirmed","insight":"perceived costs act as barriers to the domestic hydrogen transition."}}]},{"id":"gordon2024b#3","study":"gordon2024b","text":"Consumer acceptance stands to significantly shape deployment prospects for hydrogen boilers and hobs, which are perceived to be somewhat advantageous to natural gas appliances from a technological and safety perspective.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"stands to significantly shape deployment prospects","reading":"prospective wording","insight":"consumer acceptance is framed as a determinant of deployment prospects."}}]},{"id":"graczyk2019#1","study":"graczyk2019","text":"The method used was a comparative analysis of the most important factors influencing the costs of developing offshore wind farms.","zone":"Method","obs":"The factors are listed in the following sentence of the abstract; only those matching existing concepts are coded.","b":[{"path":["regulatory_framework","cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"factors influencing the costs of developing offshore wind farms","reading":"the sentence names cost-influencing factors, listed in the following sentence, including legal regulations and social acceptance","insight":"social acceptance is treated as one of several cost drivers of offshore wind development."}},{"path":["social_acceptance","cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"factors influencing the costs of developing offshore wind farms","reading":"the sentence names cost-influencing factors, listed in the following sentence, including legal regulations and social acceptance","insight":"social acceptance is treated as one of several cost drivers of offshore wind development."}}]},{"id":"graczyk2019#2","study":"graczyk2019","text":"The results show that offshore wind energy technology may allow for cheaper energy production, compared to the dominating coal-based technology, as early as the year 2030.","zone":"Result","obs":"Offshore wind technology is mapped to technological_advancement as the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","energy_cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: from 2030 onward, compared with coal-based technology","note":{"evidence":"may allow for cheaper energy production","reading":"results hedged with may but reported as findings","insight":"offshore wind becomes cost-competitive with coal within about a decade."}}]},{"id":"gryz2021#1","study":"gryz2021","text":"The Union strives to accelerate the transition process to a regenerative growth model using technologies for obtaining and distributing energy for individual and collective needs;","zone":"Background","obs":"Listed as one of the article's cognitive assumptions (theses), so status is Hypothetical.","b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"accelerate the transition process to a regenerative growth model using technologies","reading":"technologies presented as the means enabling the transition, stated as an assumption of the article","insight":"the transition is framed as technology-dependent, treated as a premise rather than a tested claim."}}]},{"id":"haber2021#1","study":"haber2021","text":"There is an apparent need to study its public acceptance and the general public's knowledge about it, especially in the context of more advanced inventions, such as smart grids, energy storage, or photovoltaic inverters.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Pronoun 'its' refers to renewable energy.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","public_acceptance"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: advanced technologies such as smart grids, energy storage, PV inverters","note":{"evidence":"need to study its public acceptance and the general public's knowledge about it","reading":"both concepts named as needing study, linked only by joint study need, weak association","insight":"acceptance and knowledge of advanced technologies are treated as linked but unexplored."}}]},{"id":"habib2024#1","study":"habib2024","text":"Biogas production is a clean and economically viable option for Mauritania, which can also be beneficial for reducing the methane emissions footprints of the livestock sector.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["ccs","emissions"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"beneficial for reducing the methane emissions footprints","reading":"placeholder."}}]},{"id":"hager2020#1","study":"hager2020","text":"Our article explores the contribution of local initiatives to the creation of path dependencies for energy transition in Germany and Japan in the face of resistance from entrenched incumbents at the national level.","zone":"Aim","obs":"The actor coded as local_authorities stands in for national entrenched incumbents, as no closer existing concept was available.","b":[{"path":["community_engagement","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"contribution of local initiatives to the creation of path dependencies for energy transition","reading":"examined contribution, so investigated","insight":"local initiatives are treated as potential drivers of transition lock-in despite national incumbent resistance."}},{"path":["energy_transition","local_authorities"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: national-level entrenched incumbents","note":{"evidence":"resistance from entrenched incumbents at the national level","reading":"transition is actively resisted by incumbents","insight":"national incumbents oppose transition even as local initiatives advance it."}}]},{"id":"hager2020#2","study":"hager2020","text":"German energy activists were more successful than their Japanese counterparts in expanding this space and creating positive feedback in part because they were able to build horizontal networks that anchored the energy transition firmly in local communities.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["networking","behavioural_feedback"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: German activists, horizontal networks","note":{"evidence":"able to build horizontal networks","reading":"networks stated as part of the reason for success","insight":"horizontal networks help embed transition locally and generate positive feedback."}}]},{"id":"hager2020#3","study":"hager2020","text":"Although problems with grid technology have led to retrenchment in both cases, Japanese activists' reliance on vertical networks has limited their ability to weather a backlash from national government and utility actors.","zone":"Result","obs":"agency_approval approximates activists' capacity to withstand backlash.","b":[{"path":["networking","agency_approval"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: Japanese activists, vertical networks","note":{"evidence":"reliance on vertical networks has limited their ability to weather a backlash","reading":"vertical networks limit resilience","insight":"vertical network dependence leaves activists vulnerable to national backlash."}}]},{"id":"hall2015a#1","study":"hall2015a","text":"Because siting bottom-mounted turbines in most nearshore coastal zones is either impractical or politically difficult, turbine developers are testing floating-platform turbine technologies for deeper waters.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_feasibility","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: bottom-mounted turbines in nearshore coastal zones","note":{"evidence":"impractical or politically difficult","reading":"siting difficulty is stated as limiting nearshore bottom-mounted deployment","insight":"political and practical siting limits push developers toward floating technology."}}]},{"id":"hall2015a#2","study":"hall2015a","text":"Early-stage conversations suggest that once coastal community members understand the benefits and impacts of wind farm development on their quality of life, many share specific preferences for where offshore developments could be located.","zone":"Result","obs":"Engagement is represented by the sharing of siting preferences.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","public_engagement"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"phase: early-stage conversations","note":{"evidence":"once coastal community members understand the benefits and impacts","reading":"understanding precedes expression of siting preferences; hedged with suggest","insight":"informed communities articulate concrete siting preferences rather than simply opposing."}}]},{"id":"hall2015a#3","study":"hall2015a","text":"Findings imply that when looking to site offshore turbines in public, multiple-use ocean spaces, developers, planners, and coastal communities should engage early and often in two-way conversation rather than one-way outreach.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","site_location"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: public, multiple-use ocean spaces","note":{"evidence":"engage early and often in two-way conversation rather than one-way outreach","reading":"a recommendation, so hypothetical","insight":"two-way dialogue is framed as needed for siting in shared ocean spaces."}}]},{"id":"hanssen2014#1","study":"hanssen2014","text":"Both represent fundamentally different types of innovation and are useful in assessing the effect of policies on future energy systems.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Concept energy_scenario stands in for future energy systems; the two scenarios (energy port, energy farm) are the 'both' referred to.","b":[{"path":["policy","energy_scenario"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"assessing the effect of policies on future energy systems","reading":"scenarios are described as useful tools for assessing policy effects, so the effect is a proposed use rather than a tested finding","insight":"scenarios serve as a means to explore how policy shapes future energy systems."}}]},{"id":"harmes2024#1","study":"harmes2024","text":"Achieving and implementing sustainable socio-technical transitions requires high levels of public understanding and acceptance across multiple sectors including energy, transport, heating, and other domains.","zone":"Background","obs":"Public_awareness stands in for public understanding. Both hops are in one bundle because the sentence states them as joint prerequisites.","b":[{"path":["public_awareness","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"requires high levels of public understanding and acceptance","reading":"requirement wording gives ENABLES, with public understanding and acceptance as prerequisites","insight":"transitions depend on public understanding and acceptance as preconditions."}},{"path":["public_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"requires high levels of public understanding and acceptance","reading":"requirement wording gives ENABLES, with public understanding and acceptance as prerequisites","insight":"transitions depend on public understanding and acceptance as preconditions."}}]},{"id":"harmes2024#2","study":"harmes2024","text":"Yet we also contend the energy justice critique apparent in Doctor Who is limited by several interlocking characteristics: the paternalistic rescue of victims of oppression matched by the uncritical validation of other and newer energy sources; therefore, the need for technological progress is endorsed.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["media_narrative","energy_justice"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: Doctor Who stories","note":{"evidence":"energy justice critique apparent in Doctor Who is limited by","reading":"the authors' contention that the narrative limits the justice critique","insight":"popular narratives can carry energy justice critique while weakening it through paternalism and uncritical endorsement of new energy sources."}}]},{"id":"harrison-atlas2022#1","study":"harrison-atlas2022","text":"Since 2000, we find dynamic land occupancy patterns and regional trends that are driven by advancing technology and geographic factors.","zone":"Result","obs":"Period start from 'Since 2000'; the end year is not given in the abstract.","b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","land_use_system"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"driven by advancing technology and geographic factors","reading":"wording of driving implies an effect with no stated direction","insight":"technology change reshapes land occupancy patterns rather than leaving them static."}}]},{"id":"harrison-atlas2022#2","study":"harrison-atlas2022","text":"Despite broadly decreasing capacity densities, offsetting technology improvements have stabilized power densities.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","technology_performance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"offsetting technology improvements have stabilized power densities","reading":"technology improvements counteract declining capacity density","insight":"technological progress compensates for lower capacity density, maintaining power density."}}]},{"id":"harrison-atlas2022#3","study":"harrison-atlas2022","text":"Increased land-use and sustainability feedback in technology and plant design will be critical to sustainable management of wind power.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Concept names approximate the excerpt; 'design_adaptation' stands for technology and plant design changes.","b":[{"path":["sustainability_criteria","design_adaptation"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will be critical to sustainable management of wind power","reading":"stated as a future requirement, hence hypothetical","insight":"sustainable wind management depends on feeding land-use and sustainability considerations into technology and plant design."}}]},{"id":"haslett2018#1","study":"haslett2018","text":"Technological advances in these directions have not been matched by a clear understanding of the environmental impacts of the new devices, with most existing research concentrated on the impacts of offshore wind farms.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","environmental_impact"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"have not been matched by a clear understanding of the environmental impacts","reading":"technological progress is not matched by knowledge of impacts","insight":"technology development outpaces understanding of its environmental consequences."}}]},{"id":"haslett2018#2","study":"haslett2018","text":"The overall consensus of views was refined and evolved under an adaptive management approach over the 10 years of the discussions and decision-making processes.","zone":"Result","obs":"Adaptive management is mapped to the closest existing concept, monitoring_optimization.","b":[{"path":["monitoring_optimization","stakeholder_perspective"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"refined and evolved under an adaptive management approach","reading":"adaptive management shaped how stakeholder consensus evolved","insight":"stakeholder views change over time within adaptive decision-making."}}]},{"id":"haugli-sandvik2024#1","study":"haugli-sandvik2024","text":"Perceived benefit positively predicts deck officers cyber risk perception for both IT and OT systems, while trust, which included measures of social trust and confidence, was not found to be significant.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["relative_advantage","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Perceived benefit positively predicts deck officers cyber risk perception","reading":"regression finding, predictive wording","insight":"perceived benefit goes with higher perceived risk for both IT and OT systems."}},{"path":["trust","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"trust ... was not found to be significant","reading":"non-significance, so Inconclusive","insight":"trust did not significantly predict cyber risk perception."}}]},{"id":"haugli-sandvik2024#2","study":"haugli-sandvik2024","text":"Cyber security training and experience with cyber-attacks only influence deck officers' perception of cyber risks related to operational technology.","zone":"Result","obs":"Experience with cyber-attacks is mapped to the existing concept knowledge as the closest fit.","b":[{"path":["education_training","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: operational technology systems only","note":{"evidence":"only influence deck officers' perception of cyber risks related to operational technology","reading":"effect found for OT only","insight":"training effects on risk perception are system-specific."}},{"path":["knowledge","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: operational technology systems only; experience with cyber-attacks","note":{"evidence":"experience with cyber-attacks only influence","reading":"effect for OT only","insight":"past attack experience shapes risk perception only for OT."}}]},{"id":"henni2023#1","study":"henni2023","text":"Our results for the case of Baden-Wuerttemberg, a state in southern Germany, show that a central planning of renewable generation and storage capacity requirements results in lower levelized costs of electricity than a decentral design, as expected.","zone":"Result","obs":"Planning paradigm is mapped to the existing concept policy.","b":[{"path":["policy","energy_cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: central planning compared with decentral design","note":{"evidence":"central planning of renewable generation and storage capacity requirements results in lower levelized costs of electricity","reading":"planning paradigm affects cost, with central planning lowering it","insight":"centralised planning is cheaper, which creates tension with local equity and acceptance.","mechanism":"none stated"}}]},{"id":"henni2023#2","study":"henni2023","text":"However, pathways in between the two planning paradigms can lead to a more equitable inclusion of communities in the energy transition at reasonable cost increases, which might increase acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_equity","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: intermediate planning pathways between central and decentral design","note":{"evidence":"more equitable inclusion of communities in the energy transition at reasonable cost increases, which might increase acceptance","reading":"hedged with 'might', so a speculative link beyond what was modelled","insight":"equitable spatial distribution may raise acceptance at modest cost, easing the cost-equity trade-off."}}]},{"id":"henni2023#3","study":"henni2023","text":"The results of this study are of significance for policy-makers and local stakeholders, as they must address the conflicts that arise on a local level when expansion targets are planned centrally.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["top_down_decision_making","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: local level, expansion targets planned centrally","note":{"evidence":"conflicts that arise on a local level when expansion targets are planned centrally","reading":"stated as an established premise that central planning generates local conflicts","insight":"centralised target-setting produces local conflict that stakeholders must address."}}]},{"id":"hernandez-fontes2020#1","study":"hernandez-fontes2020","text":"However, even though various technologies are becoming available, there are several socio-environmental constraints that impinge on the viability of ocean energy conversion projects in isolated communities.","zone":"Background","obs":"The concept environmental_impact stands in for socio-environmental constraints.","b":[{"path":["environmental_impact","viability"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"socio-environmental constraints that impinge on the viability","reading":"constraints limit viability, so CONSTRAINS","insight":"socio-environmental conditions can limit the viability of ocean energy in isolated communities even when technology is available."}}]},{"id":"hernandez-fontes2020#2","study":"hernandez-fontes2020","text":"The infrastructure for grid connection and technical and logistical support is limited, and the topography near the coast is complex.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["infrastructure_distance","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"infrastructure for grid connection and technical and logistical support is limited","reading":"the limitation is implied to hinder deployment, but the excerpt does not state this explicitly","insight":"limited infrastructure is a practical barrier to ocean energy in remote settlements."}}]},{"id":"hernandez2020#1","study":"hernandez2020","text":"A global energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy may mitigate climate change but may also undermine the capacity to achieve some or all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).","zone":"Background","obs":"The concept climate_change_belief is the nearest existing concept for climate change mitigation and is an imperfect fit.","b":[{"path":["energy_transition","climate_change_belief"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"may mitigate climate change","reading":"hedged claim of mitigation, so Hypothetical","insight":"the transition is double-edged, helping climate goals while risking other sustainability goals","mechanism":"not stated."}}]},{"id":"hoedl2022#1","study":"hoedl2022","text":"Despite recent technical advances, there is a risk that commercial-scale fusion will not play a substantial role in mitigating climate change or alleviating energy poverty due to a lack of public or community support, often referred to as a lack of a social license.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_support","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"a lack of public or community support","reading":"lack of support is framed as a risk to fusion's role, so support is a prerequisite","insight":"technical progress alone does not secure fusion's societal contribution without public support."}}]},{"id":"hoedl2022#2","study":"hoedl2022","text":"Conventional approaches to this challenge, such as risk-reducing technical solutions (e.g., replacing fission with fusion), or better ``communication'' or ``education,'' are unlikely, on their own, to be sufficient to mitigate this risk.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","social_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"unlikely, on their own, to be sufficient","reading":"conventional approaches are judged insufficient alone","insight":"communication and education are not enough by themselves for acceptance."}},{"path":["education_training","social_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"unlikely, on their own, to be sufficient","reading":"conventional approaches are judged insufficient alone","insight":"communication and education are not enough by themselves for acceptance."}}]},{"id":"hoicka2021a#1","study":"hoicka2021a","text":"RECs are majority owned by local members or shareholders who are authorized to share energy within the community, offering the potential to unlock private investment and financing for renewable energy sources and provide social benefits.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["property_ownership","investment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"offering the potential to unlock private investment and financing","reading":"potential effect, hence hypothetical","insight":"local ownership is framed as a route to mobilising private capital for renewables."}}]},{"id":"hoicka2021a#2","study":"hoicka2021a","text":"However, successful implementation and a just energy transition requires the coupling of technological solutions with more open decision making, based on sound analysis, knowledge of engineering, spatial planning, and social science.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Open decision making is mapped to participation.","b":[{"path":["participation","energy_justice"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"joint with: technological solutions","note":{"evidence":"requires the coupling of technological solutions with more open decision making","reading":"stated as a requirement, so hypothetical and ENABLES","insight":"a just transition depends on open decision making alongside technology."}}]},{"id":"hoicka2021a#3","study":"hoicka2021a","text":"We argue that financing and ownership models that address renewable energy complementarity, spatial organization of resource potential, demographics, pushback from incumbents, and inclusion of traditionally marginalized groups, are common issues across all Member States that are crucial for the transposition of RED II and a just energy transition.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["financing","energy_justice"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"crucial for the transposition of RED II and a just energy transition","reading":"authors' argument that these models are necessary","insight":"financing and ownership design is a prerequisite for a just transition."}},{"path":["property_ownership","energy_justice"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"crucial for the transposition of RED II and a just energy transition","reading":"authors' argument that these models are necessary","insight":"financing and ownership design is a prerequisite for a just transition."}}]},{"id":"holloway2008#1","study":"holloway2008","text":"Although there is still very significant uncertainty in the actual figures, it appears that globally there is enough underground storage capacity for CO2 storage technology to make a significant impact on global emissions to the atmosphere.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["ccs_deployment","emissions"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"enough underground storage capacity for CO2 storage technology to make a significant impact on global emissions","reading":"hedged with 'appears' but presented as the study's finding","insight":"storage capacity appears sufficient for emissions reduction, though capacity figures remain uncertain."}}]},{"id":"holloway2008#2","study":"holloway2008","text":"Some other major issues that must be addressed if this technology is to spread to power stations, and thus make a significant impact on global CO2 emissions, are the Cost Of CO2 capture, further demonstrations of safe and secure storage and public acceptance that long-term storage will be successful.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["cost","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: spread to power stations","note":{"evidence":"issues that must be addressed if this technology is to spread to power stations","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so hypothetical","insight":"capture cost is a barrier to scaling CCS to power stations."}},{"path":["public_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: spread to power stations","note":{"evidence":"public acceptance that long-term storage will be successful","reading":"acceptance named as a must-address prerequisite","insight":"public acceptance is framed as a precondition for CCS expansion alongside cost and demonstrated safety."}}]},{"id":"hoppe2019#1","study":"hoppe2019","text":"The transition to low carbon energy systems cannot solely rely on technological innovation. It also requires social innovation.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_innovation","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"It also requires social innovation","reading":"requirement wording gives ENABLES","insight":"technological change alone is insufficient, social innovation is framed as a prerequisite for transition."}}]},{"id":"hoppe2019#2","study":"hoppe2019","text":"From these contributions, key topics relevant to social innovation emerge, pertaining to: (i) technological innovation leading to new market models, actor configurations, and institutional settings creating room for social innovation; (ii) new governance arrangements; (iii) community energy, its impact, implications, and social incentives and policy to empower it; (iv) new participative research approaches to test and learn from livings labs and best practices; (v) `green nudges' to stimulate behavioral change; and (vi), serious energy games.","zone":"Result","obs":"Community energy is the referent of 'it'; community_engagement is used as the nearest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","social_innovation"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"technological innovation leading to new market models, actor configurations, and institutional settings creating room for social innovation","reading":"technological innovation creates room for social innovation","insight":"technology opens space for social innovation through new market and institutional configurations."}},{"path":["economic_incentive","community_engagement"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: community energy","note":{"evidence":"social incentives and policy to empower it","reading":"incentives and policy empower community energy","insight":"community energy depends on supportive incentives and policy."}}]},{"id":"hoppe2023#1","study":"hoppe2023","text":"Acceptability is best predicted by the degree to which environmental problems are attributed to ICEVs, followed by respondents' willingness to abandon cars altogether or adopt electric vehicles (EVs).","zone":"Result","obs":"Acceptability refers to acceptance of the ICEV phase-out.","b":[{"path":["risk_perception","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"best predicted by the degree to which environmental problems are attributed to ICEVs","reading":"predictive wording, coded as influence","insight":"attribution of environmental problems to ICEVs is the strongest correlate of phase-out acceptability.","mechanism":"not stated"}},{"path":["adoption","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"willingness to abandon cars altogether or adopt electric vehicles","reading":"predictive association","insight":"personal willingness to change behaviour aligns with policy acceptability."}}]},{"id":"hoppe2023#2","study":"hoppe2023","text":"Our results further indicate that acceptability can be increased by providing people with information that present EVs in a more favourable, and ICEVs in a less favourable light.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: framing favouring EVs and disfavouring ICEVs","note":{"evidence":"acceptability can be increased by providing people with information","reading":"findings indicate effect","insight":"favourable framing of alternatives raises acceptability of the phase-out."}}]},{"id":"hoppe2023#3","study":"hoppe2023","text":"When the European Commission proposed to ban the sale of ICEVs by 2035, we conducted a follow-up survey to investigate whether this had influenced acceptability in Germany - with the result that it had not.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: European Commission 2035 ban proposal","note":{"evidence":"whether this had influenced acceptability in Germany - with the result that it had not","reading":"no influence found, tested relation kept","insight":"announcing an EU-level ban did not shift national acceptability."}}]},{"id":"hoppe2023#4","study":"hoppe2023","text":"In terms of concrete policies, pull measures such as public transport or electric vehicle purchase subsidies are preferred by the public over more restrictive policies such as taxes or bans.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["economic_incentive","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: pull measures versus taxes or bans","note":{"evidence":"pull measures ... are preferred by the public over more restrictive policies","reading":"preference comparison","insight":"incentive-based measures gain more public support than restrictive ones."}}]},{"id":"horeth2020#1","study":"horeth2020","text":"Recent market trends towards power generation in remote renewable power plants such as concentrated solar power plants in desserts or off-shore wind parks, the economic interests for long distance power transmission as well as the negative public perception of overhead lines lead to an increasing attractiveness of power transmission via HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) cables.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concepts are approximated with existing project concepts; public perception of overhead lines is treated as acceptance.","b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: negative public perception of overhead lines","note":{"evidence":"negative public perception of overhead lines lead to an increasing attractiveness of power transmission via HVDC","reading":"perception of overhead lines is stated as a driver of HVDC attractiveness","insight":"negative perception of one technology pushes interest toward an alternative; the concept is mapped loosely to existing concepts."}}]},{"id":"hurlbert2023#1","study":"hurlbert2023","text":"Not only place-based attachment, the existent industry and infrastructure surrounding the community impact preferences but also openness to learning and group dynamics contribute.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concept policy_support stands in for power production preferences.","b":[{"path":["place_attachment","policy_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"place-based attachment ... impact preferences","reading":"unsigned impact","insight":"community energy preferences depend on place attachment as well as local industry context."}}]},{"id":"hurlbert2023#2","study":"hurlbert2023","text":"Focused deliberations on the complex problem of climate change advance social learning.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_engagement","social_learning"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Focused deliberations ... advance social learning","reading":"deliberation promotes learning","insight":"structured deliberation can foster learning on climate change."}}]},{"id":"hurlbert2023a#1","study":"hurlbert2023a","text":"Despite the recognition of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) as a credible technology for reducing emis-sions, its implementation has been stalled, partly due to the public's perception of the technology.","zone":"Background","obs":"Public perception is coded as risk_perception since it is later described as negative perception.","b":[{"path":["risk_perception","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"implementation has been stalled, partly due to the public's perception","reading":"perception is stated as a partial limiter of implementation","insight":"public perception can stall deployment even of a technology credited as credible."}}]},{"id":"hurlbert2023a#2","study":"hurlbert2023a","text":"The literature on CCS technology diffusion points to negative public perception of the technology as a barrier to imple-mentation, and the role of media in that framing.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["risk_perception","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"negative public perception of the technology as a barrier","reading":"prior literature presents perception as barrier","insight":"negative perception is the established obstacle to CCS implementation."}},{"path":["media_narrative","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the role of media in that framing","reading":"media shape the framing of perception","insight":"media framing is positioned as a channel shaping public perception."}}]},{"id":"hurlbert2023a#3","study":"hurlbert2023a","text":"Also, it notes certain conditions in Saskatchewan made it possible for some frames to be advanced while others were minimized, discounted, or absent altogether in the discussion.","zone":"Result","obs":"The conditions are not named; political_capital is a loose proxy for the Saskatchewan conditions, informed by the later sentence on political authoritative voices.","b":[{"path":["political_capital","media_narrative"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: Saskatchewan conditions","note":{"evidence":"conditions in Saskatchewan made it possible for some frames to be advanced","reading":"unspecified conditions enable certain frames","insight":"local context determines which frames gain prominence."}}]},{"id":"hurlbert2023a#4","study":"hurlbert2023a","text":"Applying the Socio-Political Evalu-ation of Energy Deployment (SPEED) framework, the study highlights the role of authoritative voices, mostly within Saskatchewan's political system in reframing CCS technology from uncertainty and risk into opportunity; minimizing and sometimes discounting or ignoring the negative frames that have been identified in previous studies as a barrier.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["government_role","media_narrative"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"role of authoritative voices... in reframing CCS technology from uncertainty and risk into opportunity","reading":"political voices reshaped framing","insight":"political authority converted risk framing into opportunity framing, sidelining negative frames."}}]},{"id":"hurlbert2023a#5","study":"hurlbert2023a","text":"It concludes that in Saskatchewan there was a trade-off in framing, where opportunities to advance frames that emphasize how CCS technology can support long term low carbon energy transition and climate change mitigation were missed.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["ccs","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"CCS technology can support long term low carbon energy transition","reading":"frame emphasizing this support was missed","insight":"opportunity framing omitted the long-term transition and climate benefits."}}]},{"id":"ilo2023#1","study":"ilo2023","text":"The results show that energy communities can be viable by becoming reliable players so DSOs can better integrate the acquired flexibility and other services into their processes without compromising power supply.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["viability","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"energy communities can be viable by becoming reliable players","reading":"placeholder, see below","insight":"viability depends on communities acting as reliable players for DSOs."}}]},{"id":"ilo2023#2","study":"ilo2023","text":"Their technical integration requires a coordinated operation and control of the entire power grid, including transmission and distribution, and the end-users, as proposed by the LINK holistic solution.","zone":"Result","obs":"Deployment stands for the technical integration of energy communities.","b":[{"path":["coordination","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"requires a coordinated operation and control of the entire power grid","reading":"requirement wording gives ENABLES with coordination as prerequisite","insight":"integrating energy communities depends on system-wide coordination, not isolated community action."}}]},{"id":"ilo2023#3","study":"ilo2023","text":"The suggested fractal-based market structure, with the national, regional and local markets harmonised with the grid, facilitates the direct participation of small customers and distributed resources to the energy market.","zone":"Result","obs":"Market structure is mapped to regulatory_framework, the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["regulatory_framework","participation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: fractal-based market structure","note":{"evidence":"facilitates the direct participation of small customers","reading":"facilitation is a positive effect, so INFLUENCES","insight":"market design determines whether small customers can take part directly."}}]},{"id":"inglesi-lotz2024#1","study":"inglesi-lotz2024","text":"The objective is to examine how institutional factors influence the share of renewable energy in the country, recognizing that energy transition hinges not only on socioeconomic and technological determinants but also on political economy and institutional variables.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Institutional factors mapped to policy_framework, share of renewable energy to adoption.","b":[{"path":["policy_framework","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"examine how institutional factors influence the share of renewable energy","reading":"research aim posing an effect question without answer","insight":"institutional variables are treated as determinants of renewable adoption alongside socioeconomic and technological ones."}}]},{"id":"inglesi-lotz2024#2","study":"inglesi-lotz2024","text":"We find that perceived institutional cleanliness, as measured by a higher CPI, positively affects the share of renewables.","zone":"Result","obs":"Perceived institutional cleanliness (CPI) is mapped to trust as the nearest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["trust","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"positively affects the share of renewables","reading":"direct empirical finding","insight":"lower perceived corruption is associated with higher renewable share."}}]},{"id":"inglesi-lotz2024#3","study":"inglesi-lotz2024","text":"Additionally, improved REGQUAL fosters a healthier energy market but paradoxically results in a lower share of renewable energy in the short term.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["regulatory_framework","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: short term","note":{"evidence":"paradoxically results in a lower share of renewable energy in the short term","reading":"finding of negative short-term effect","insight":"better regulatory quality can paradoxically slow renewable share in the short term."}}]},{"id":"inglesi-lotz2024#4","study":"inglesi-lotz2024","text":"While contributing to stability, government effectiveness can hinder renewables' growth due to established industry interests and short-term priorities.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["government_role","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"government effectiveness can hinder renewables' growth","reading":"hedged finding with attributed explanation","insight":"effective government may entrench incumbent interests, limiting renewables growth.\"","mechanism":"established industry interests and short-term priorities."}}]},{"id":"ingold2019#1","study":"ingold2019","text":"But what drives citizens to accept new instruments that will be added to a preexisting instrument mix?","zone":"Aim","obs":"The excerpt names no specific drivers; the generic concept personal_and_social_factors is used as a placeholder for the drivers examined.","b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: new instruments added to a preexisting instrument mix","note":{"evidence":"what drives citizens to accept new instruments","reading":"question about drivers of acceptance, no answer proposed","insight":"acceptance of policy instruments is framed as dependent on drivers within an existing instrument mix."}}]},{"id":"ingold2019#2","study":"ingold2019","text":"We conclude that it is mainly individual factors (values in favor of nuclear phasing out and climate mitigation) that positively impact the acceptance of instruments that promote the larger energy transitions through renewables.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: values in favor of nuclear phasing out and climate mitigation; setting: instruments promoting energy transitions through renewables","note":{"evidence":"individual factors (values in favor of nuclear phasing out and climate mitigation) that positively impact the acceptance","reading":"stated as a finding","insight":"individual values matter more than context for accepting transition instruments."}}]},{"id":"ingold2019#3","study":"ingold2019","text":"Additionally, the self-contribution of citizens (energy pro-sumers) seems to shape preferences more than current policies of their own jurisdiction.","zone":"Result","obs":"Preferences for instruments are treated as acceptance.","b":[{"path":["participation","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: energy pro-sumers","note":{"evidence":"self-contribution of citizens (energy pro-sumers) seems to shape preferences more than current policies","reading":"hedged with 'seems', kept Affirmed as a finding","insight":"citizens' own contribution shapes preferences more than local policy context."}},{"path":["policy","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: current policies of own jurisdiction; weaker than self-contribution","note":{"evidence":"more than current policies of their own jurisdiction","reading":"jurisdictional policy has a comparatively weaker effect","insight":"local policy context is less decisive for acceptance."}}]},{"id":"ionescu2024#1","study":"ionescu2024","text":"However, new nuclear capacities may pose considerable challenges, especially in terms of costs (Dumitrescu, 2023).","zone":"Background","obs":"Claim attributed to Dumitrescu (2023).","b":[{"path":["cost","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"may pose considerable challenges, especially in terms of costs","reading":"cost is framed as a possible limiter of new nuclear capacity, hedged with 'may'","insight":"cost is flagged as the main anticipated obstacle to nuclear expansion."}}]},{"id":"ionescu2024#2","study":"ionescu2024","text":"The watchdog Greenpeace warned about the project's high costs and the long construction timeframe.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concern voiced by Greenpeace.","b":[{"path":["cost","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"warned about the project's high costs","reading":"an NGO warning about a potential effect, so a concern","insight":"civil society frames cost as a risk to the project."}}]},{"id":"ionescu2024#3","study":"ionescu2024","text":"In addition, the location of the new plant had been decided without prior consultation from the local community, claimed the NGO (Greenpeace, 2022).","zone":"Background","obs":"Claim attributed to Greenpeace; the negative effect is implied by the context, not stated.","b":[{"path":["top_down_decision_making","community_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"decided without prior consultation from the local community","reading":"the NGO claims siting without consultation, implying weaker local acceptance","insight":"lack of consultation is portrayed as undermining local legitimacy."}}]},{"id":"ionescu2024#4","study":"ionescu2024","text":"This paper attempts to determine how a newcomer to the nuclear energy market, with a significant approval setback in its home country, using untested technology, can complete the construction of six small modular reactors in Romania, integrate those into the national grid and win over the public acceptance by 2030.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technological_maturity","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"using untested technology","reading":"the paper asks how acceptance can be won despite untested technology","insight":"technological immaturity is posed as a challenge to public acceptance."}}]},{"id":"isogai2022#1","study":"isogai2022","text":"Full chain CCS cost depends on multiple technological, market, and societal factors.","zone":"Background","obs":"Only the technological factor is a named concept; market and societal factors are generic.","b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"cost depends on multiple technological, market, and societal factors","reading":"cost dependence stated generally, direction not given","insight":"CCS cost is shaped by technological and non-technical conditions, so case-specific analysis is needed."}}]},{"id":"isogai2022#2","study":"isogai2022","text":"To accelerate large-scale CCS deployment, further reduction of the cost to implement the full technology chain is necessary.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["cost","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"further reduction of the cost ... is necessary","reading":"cost is framed as a barrier whose reduction is needed for deployment","insight":"cost is treated as a key barrier to scaling CCS."}}]},{"id":"isogai2022#3","study":"isogai2022","text":"Since transport and storage costs were roughly equivalent to capture costs, full chain CCS implementation is likely necessary to reduce costs through learning-by-doing, scale-out, and market effects.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["ccs_deployment","cost"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"full chain CCS implementation is likely necessary to reduce costs","reading":"deployment framed as a prerequisite for cost reduction, hedged with likely","insight":"cost reduction may come from deployment experience rather than capture technology improvements alone."}}]},{"id":"jabeen2024#1","study":"jabeen2024","text":"We used the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling to analyze the Likert-scale data gathered from 311 respondents to reveal that the fixed cost of SPTs discourages households from embracing them.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["cost","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the fixed cost of SPTs discourages households from embracing them","reading":"cost limits adoption, reported as a finding","insight":"upfront fixed cost remains a barrier to household uptake of solar technologies."}}]},{"id":"jabeen2024#2","study":"jabeen2024","text":"The advantages to the built environment, openness to innovation, and ecological advantages encourage households to accept SPTs, but only in urban districts and the entire dataset while portraying a neutral role in rural districts.","zone":"Result","obs":"Openness to innovation is mapped to the existing concept 'interest'.","b":[{"path":["relative_advantage","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: urban districts and entire dataset; no effect in rural districts","note":{"evidence":"encourage households to accept SPTs, but only in urban districts","reading":"advantages to the built environment and ecological advantages promote acceptance only in urban settings","insight":"acceptance drivers differ by urban-rural context."}},{"path":["interest","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: urban districts and entire dataset; neutral in rural districts","note":{"evidence":"openness to innovation ... encourage households to accept SPTs","reading":"openness to innovation promotes acceptance only in urban settings","insight":"rural acceptance is not driven by these perceptions."}}]},{"id":"jansen2024#1","study":"jansen2024","text":"A broad mistrust by the general public, and many local governments, of any deep-subsurfacerelated activity leads to an increasing tendency to block any development that might potentially cause harm to humans or the environment.","zone":"Background","obs":"Trust is coded as the factor; its lack (mistrust) is the stated cause.","b":[{"path":["trust","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"mistrust ... leads to an increasing tendency to block any development","reading":"mistrust drives blocking of development, so lack of trust reduces deployment","insight":"public and local-government mistrust translates into blocking of deep subsurface projects, restricting deployment."}}]},{"id":"jansen2024#2","study":"jansen2024","text":"A complicating factor in this respect is the uncertainty surrounding new technology and the lack of related historical data (notably seismic records).","zone":"Background","obs":"Acceptance is inferred from the preceding sentence on blocking and mistrust.","b":[{"path":["uncertainty","acceptance"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"complicating factor ... uncertainty surrounding new technology","reading":"uncertainty complicates addressing the mistrust-driven blocking, interpreted as limiting acceptance","insight":"lacking historical seismic data fuels uncertainty that complicates acceptance of new subsurface technologies."}}]},{"id":"javierrodriguez-segura2023#1","study":"javierrodriguez-segura2023","text":"The analysis of the results of the questionnaire reveals that the social acceptance of RE plants is influenced by their location and size, and identifies the main criteria and situations that people take into consideration when deciding whether to support or reject RE projects.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"social acceptance of RE plants is influenced by their location and size","reading":"asserted survey finding, direction not given","insight":"where a plant is sited shapes local acceptance, so acceptance is not technology-dependent only."}},{"path":["plant_size","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"influenced by their location and size","reading":"size is a parallel factor with unspecified direction","insight":"plant scale matters to acceptance, with medium size preferred elsewhere in the abstract."}}]},{"id":"javierrodriguez-segura2023#2","study":"javierrodriguez-segura2023","text":"This article provides information and recommendations to facilitate the drafting of policies, plans and future studies that will enable social barriers to the implementation of RE technologies to be reduced, so helping accelerate the energy transition that is required in order for agreed climate targets to be met.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"social_barrier is a new concept not in the existing list.","b":[{"path":["policy","social_barrier"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"policies, plans and future studies that will enable social barriers ... to be reduced","reading":"prescriptive expectation, so hypothetical","insight":"informed policy is expected to reduce social barriers to deployment."}},{"path":["social_barrier","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"social barriers to the implementation of RE technologies to be reduced, so helping accelerate the energy transition","reading":"barrier reduction is expected to speed the transition","insight":"social barriers are framed as a brake on the energy transition."}}]},{"id":"javierrodriguez-segura2023a#1","study":"javierrodriguez-segura2023a","text":"Although the general acceptance of renewable energy in Europe is high, this perception is frequently very different in the local context where renewable energy projects are located, which can be an obstacle to the energy transition.","zone":"Background","obs":"Local-level acceptance is contrasted with general European acceptance.","b":[{"path":["community_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: local contexts where projects are located, where perception differs from general acceptance","note":{"evidence":"can be an obstacle to the energy transition","reading":"low local acceptance is presented as a possible barrier, hedged with 'can'","insight":"high general acceptance can mask local opposition that hinders the transition."}}]},{"id":"javierrodriguez-segura2023a#2","study":"javierrodriguez-segura2023a","text":"The applied tests show a high acceptability of all the proposed technologies and locations, with a preference for solar photovoltaic installations and medium sizes, in uncultivated or environmentally degraded areas.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: preferred settings are uncultivated or environmentally degraded areas","note":{"evidence":"preference for solar photovoltaic installations and medium sizes, in uncultivated or environmentally degraded areas","reading":"acceptability varies with location and is highest for degraded sites","insight":"acceptance depends on the type of site where projects are placed."}}]},{"id":"jaworski2025#1","study":"jaworski2025","text":"The results indicate significant anticipated increases in RES capacity, highlighting West Pomerania's potential to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels.","zone":"Result","obs":"RES capacity growth is represented as deployment.","b":[{"path":["deployment","fossil_based_economy"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"potential to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels","reading":"projected capacity growth is presented as reducing fossil reliance, hedged as potential","insight":"projected renewable growth is framed as a route away from fossil dependence."}}]},{"id":"jaworski2025#2","study":"jaworski2025","text":"This growth supports increased energy security and environmental sustainability.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","energy_security"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"This growth supports increased energy security","reading":"asserted positive effect","insight":"renewable growth is linked to security benefits at regional level."}}]},{"id":"jaworski2025#3","study":"jaworski2025","text":"These findings highlight the importance of sustained investment and policy support to scale renewable infrastructure while aligning regional initiatives with international sustainability goals.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["investment","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"importance of sustained investment and policy support to scale renewable infrastructure","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so hypothetical","insight":"scaling renewables is presented as dependent on continued investment and policy backing."}},{"path":["policy_support","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"importance of sustained investment and policy support to scale renewable infrastructure","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so hypothetical","insight":"scaling renewables is presented as dependent on continued investment and policy backing."}}]},{"id":"jenal2021#1","study":"jenal2021","text":"As with other large-scale infrastructure projects such as the expansion of renewable energies as part of the energy transition in Germany, the plans for implementation are meeting with great resistance from the population, sometimes resulting in arson attacks on 5G transmission masts.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","citizens"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"meeting with great resistance from the population","reading":"implementation plans are actively resisted by citizens, so CONTESTED-BY with the object first","insight":"infrastructure rollouts such as 5G face resistance that can turn into violence, comparable to renewable energy expansion."}}]},{"id":"jenkins2018#1","study":"jenkins2018","text":"In comparing the functionality of these concepts, most have a realized capacity for understanding costs and benefits, risk and uncertainty. However less than half have a realized capacity for managing costs and benefits and risk, while less than a third have a realized capacity for managing uncertainty.","zone":"Result","obs":"The concept 'policy_framework' stands in for theories and frameworks, and 'risk' covers risk and uncertainty management; the existing vocabulary has no closer concepts.","b":[{"path":["policy_framework","risk"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: capacity for managing risk, costs and benefits (fewer than half of the concepts)","note":{"evidence":"less than half have a realized capacity for managing costs and benefits and risk","reading":"the capacity to manage risk is limited across frameworks, so the relation is coded as partial and unresolved","insight":"frameworks mostly help understand risk and uncertainty but rarely help manage them."}}]},{"id":"jeong2021a#1","study":"jeong2021a","text":"This fuel transition can succeed only if it receives the public support.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_support","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"can succeed only if it receives the public support","reading":"stated as a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"public support is framed as a necessary condition for the success of the coal-to-gas fuel transition."}}]},{"id":"jeong2021a#2","study":"jeong2021a","text":"For example, people living in the Seoul Metropolitan area, people who use electricity for heating, people with a low education level, young people, and high-income people were more receptive of the fuel transition than others.","zone":"Result","obs":"Other subgroup findings (age, region, heating type) are not coded because no matching concepts exist in the vocabulary.","b":[{"path":["education_training","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"subgroup: people with a low education level were more receptive","note":{"evidence":"people with a low education level","reading":"lower education goes with higher acceptance","insight":"acceptance of the fuel transition is higher among less-educated respondents."}},{"path":["energy_cost","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: high-income people","note":{"evidence":"high-income people were more receptive","reading":"income is not an existing concept, so energy_cost is a loose proxy and the mapping is weak","insight":"higher-income respondents were more accepting of the transition."}}]},{"id":"jiao2025#1","study":"jiao2025","text":"Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining attention in energy economics due to its ability to process large-scale data as well as to make non-linear predictions and is providing new development opportunities and research subjects for energy economics research.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concepts are approximated from existing project concepts; AI is not an energy technology whose acceptance is examined.","b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","economic_value"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"due to its ability to process large-scale data as well as to make non-linear predictions","reading":"weak fit, AI capabilities presented as making new research opportunities possible","insight":"AI capabilities are framed as opening new opportunities in energy economics rather than directly addressing acceptance."}}]},{"id":"jikiun2023#1","study":"jikiun2023","text":"Taking the case of Norway where opposition to onshore wind has grown, this article evaluates how different production, financial, and end-use schemes can mitigate opposition.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Financial schemes are mapped to financial_instrument and opposition to conflict; production and end-use schemes are not coded separately.","b":[{"path":["financial_instrument","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how different production, financial, and end-use schemes can mitigate opposition","reading":"examined whether schemes reduce opposition, so Investigated","insight":"acceptance of onshore wind is treated as shaped by project design and benefit schemes, not only by siting."}}]},{"id":"jikiun2023#2","study":"jikiun2023","text":"In other words, hydrogen on its own will not ``save'' onshore wind from contestation, but hydrogen with a local purpose will render citizens more supportive of these projects, even when situated in their own municipality.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["hydrogen_production","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: hydrogen without a local purpose","note":{"evidence":"hydrogen on its own will not 'save' onshore wind from contestation","reading":"hydrogen alone is stated not to raise support","insight":"hydrogen alone does not secure acceptance."}},{"path":["hydrogen_production","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: hydrogen sold locally to decarbonize sectors such as transport and industry; including projects in citizens' own municipality","note":{"evidence":"hydrogen with a local purpose will render citizens more supportive","reading":"a finding on a local end-use scheme","insight":"local purpose of hydrogen turns a neutral add-on into a source of support, even with local siting."}}]},{"id":"jikiun2023#3","study":"jikiun2023","text":"This effect is particularly strong among younger and more educated citizens.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["hydrogen_production","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: younger and more educated citizens; setting: hydrogen with a local purpose","note":{"evidence":"particularly strong among younger and more educated citizens","reading":"the effect of locally used hydrogen is stronger in these subgroups","insight":"the benefit of local hydrogen is unevenly distributed across demographic groups."}}]},{"id":"jobin2018#1","study":"jobin2018","text":"Transitioning to electricity systems that are considered acceptable by the public requires that the public's preferences be taken into account.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_engagement","public_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"requires that the public's preferences be taken into account","reading":"requirement wording gives ENABLES, with preferences treated as public engagement","insight":"acceptable electricity transitions depend on incorporating public preferences."}}]},{"id":"jobin2018#2","study":"jobin2018","text":"We find that the affect evoked by particular energy technologies is consistently the most important driver of the proportion of those technologies included in an energy portfolio.","zone":"Result","obs":"Affect is coded as attitude and portfolio share as acceptance; the sign is inferred from the affect heuristic.","b":[{"path":["attitude","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"affect evoked by particular energy technologies is consistently the most important driver","reading":"affect drives the share of a technology in the portfolio, which is a preference form of acceptance","insight":"affective reactions outweigh other factors in shaping technology preferences."}}]},{"id":"jobin2018#3","study":"jobin2018","text":"We further find that concerns regarding environmental impacts, costs or climate change play an additional role for portfolio preferences.","zone":"Result","obs":"Portfolio preferences are coded as acceptance.","b":[{"path":["environmental_impact","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"concerns regarding environmental impacts, costs or climate change play an additional role","reading":"the direction is not stated","insight":"environmental concerns shape portfolio preferences beyond affect."}},{"path":["cost","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"concerns regarding environmental impacts, costs or climate change","reading":"cost concerns play an additional role","insight":"cost concerns matter alongside affect."}},{"path":["climate_change_belief","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"concerns regarding ... climate change play an additional role","reading":"no direction stated","insight":"climate concern adds to the drivers of portfolio preferences."}}]},{"id":"jobin2018#4","study":"jobin2018","text":"For policymakers, our findings suggest that positive affective reactions towards energy technologies are necessary, although concerns must also be considered if the implementation is to be widely accepted.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Concerns are coded as risk_perception.","b":[{"path":["attitude","public_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"positive affective reactions towards energy technologies are necessary","reading":"necessity wording gives ENABLES; prescriptive, hence Hypothetical","insight":"positive affect is a prerequisite for wide acceptance."}},{"path":["risk_perception","public_acceptance"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"concerns must also be considered if the implementation is to be widely accepted","reading":"concerns limit acceptance unless addressed","insight":"unaddressed concerns can undermine acceptance even when affect is positive."}}]},{"id":"jobin2019#1","study":"jobin2019","text":"Studies show that, when no additional information is provided, preferences concerning the future electricity mix are mainly driven by the affective reactions that energy technologies evoke.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concept 'preference' is new; 'attitude' stands for affective reactions.","b":[{"path":["attitude","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: no additional information provided","note":{"evidence":"preferences concerning the future electricity mix are mainly driven by the affective reactions","reading":"causal wording from prior studies","insight":"without information, affect rather than knowledge shapes electricity mix preferences."}}]},{"id":"jobin2019#2","study":"jobin2019","text":"The participants' political orientation and their affective reactions to different energy technologies guided their information search, as well as the choice of energy technologies within their portfolio.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["political_partisanship","information_search"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"political orientation ... guided their information search","reading":"finding","insight":"political orientation steers which information people seek."}},{"path":["attitude","information_search"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"affective reactions ... guided their information search","reading":"finding","insight":"affect directs information search."}},{"path":["political_partisanship","technology_choice"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"guided ... the choice of energy technologies","reading":"finding","insight":"political orientation shapes portfolio choices."}},{"path":["attitude","technology_choice"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"affective reactions ... guided ... the choice of energy technologies","reading":"finding","insight":"affect shapes portfolio choices."}}]},{"id":"jobin2019#3","study":"jobin2019","text":"The attention paid to the information provided was not directly related to the participants' portfolio choices.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["information_attention","technology_choice"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"not directly related","reading":"absence of direct relation asserted","insight":"attending to information did not translate into different choices."}}]},{"id":"jobin2019#4","study":"jobin2019","text":"As the information provided through the DSS we tested was unable to change the participants' affective-cognitive evaluation of energy technologies, its use should be carefully considered in light of the possible effects of consolidating existing beliefs.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"unable to change the participants' affective-cognitive evaluation","reading":"explicit failure of information to change evaluations","insight":"DSS information may merely consolidate existing beliefs."}}]},{"id":"johansen2019#1","study":"johansen2019","text":"Judging by this data, local PRs are positive towards the planned local RETs, while SHOs are less so.","zone":"Result","obs":"PRs are permanent residents and SHOs are second home owners; property_ownership is used as the nearest existing concept for resident type.","b":[{"path":["property_ownership","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: permanent residents more positive than second home owners","note":{"evidence":"local PRs are positive towards the planned local RETs, while SHOs are less so","reading":"resident type is associated with differing attitudes, direction of effect unspecified","insight":"local stakeholder groups differ in attitudes toward the same project."}}]},{"id":"johansen2019#2","study":"johansen2019","text":"Drawing upon research insights from the interdisciplinary socially focused energy transitions body of literature, the paper suggests that particular uses of and attachments to particular places may inform stakeholder perceptions of RET related local change.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["place_attachment","stakeholder_perspective"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"attachments to particular places may inform stakeholder perceptions","reading":"hedged suggestion going beyond the measured data","insight":"place attachment may explain divergent local perceptions of projects."}}]},{"id":"johnson2015#1","study":"johnson2015","text":"Understanding who the stakeholders are and how they are engaged in the process is necessary for improving the responsible development of renewable energy technologies.","zone":"Background","obs":"Stakeholder understanding and engagement are mapped to the closest existing concepts.","b":[{"path":["stakeholder_perspective","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"is necessary for improving the responsible development","reading":"necessity wording gives ENABLES","insight":"knowing and engaging stakeholders is framed as a prerequisite for responsible development."}}]},{"id":"johnson2015#2","study":"johnson2015","text":"Given the dynamic nature of stakeholder salience, our findings highlight the importance of engaging dominant stakeholders so that future conflict can be more easily avoided as new information develops.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["community_engagement","conflict"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: dominant stakeholders","note":{"evidence":"engaging dominant stakeholders so that future conflict can be more easily avoided","reading":"forward-looking implication, so Hypothetical","insight":"early engagement of powerful stakeholders is expected to reduce conflict as circumstances change."}}]},{"id":"jones2010a#1","study":"jones2010a","text":"Wind turbines are expected to play a significant role in meeting these targets; however, despite high levels of support for the technology in principle, specific projects are often delayed or rejected on account of local opposition.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Citizens used for local opposition actors.","b":[{"path":["deployment","citizens"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: specific local wind projects","note":{"evidence":"specific projects are often delayed or rejected on account of local opposition","reading":"opposition by local actors resists projects","insight":"general support in principle does not prevent local opposition to specific projects."}}]},{"id":"jones2010a#2","study":"jones2010a","text":"This study aimed to establish how attitudes towards development might vary with respect to increasing distance from the identified sites.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["infrastructure_distance","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how attitudes towards development might vary with respect to increasing distance","reading":"distance is examined as a factor affecting attitudes","insight":"spatial proximity is treated as a possible driver of attitudes."}}]},{"id":"jones2010a#3","study":"jones2010a","text":"The results are discussed with reference to site visibility and landscape concerns and clearly support calls for a shift towards community-focussed development strategies.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["visual_impact","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"discussed with reference to site visibility and landscape concerns","reading":"visibility is used to interpret attitude patterns","insight":"visibility of sites shapes attitudes towards development."}}]},{"id":"juszczyk2022#1","study":"juszczyk2022","text":"Renewable energy technologies (RETs) play a critical role in enhancing sustainable solutions that significantly limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.","zone":"Background","obs":"RETs are represented by the existing concept deployment.","b":[{"path":["deployment","emissions"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"significantly limit greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions","reading":"RETs reduce emissions","insight":"RETs are framed as a climate mitigation instrument, which motivates their diffusion."}}]},{"id":"juszczyk2022#2","study":"juszczyk2022","text":"There is ample evidence that energy policies play a central role in supporting adoption of renewables.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"energy policies play a central role in supporting adoption","reading":"policy supports adoption","insight":"policy is treated as a central driver of renewable uptake."}}]},{"id":"juszczyk2022#3","study":"juszczyk2022","text":"The research shows that inflexible, ineffective, and excessive regulatory frameworks; limited financing options; as well as an insufficient level of societal awareness have been seen as the main bottlenecks for RET diffusion in both countries.","zone":"Result","obs":"Findings reflect the perceptions of renewable energy company executives.","b":[{"path":["regulatory_framework","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"regulatory frameworks ... main bottlenecks for RET diffusion","reading":"executives see regulation as a bottleneck","insight":"poorly designed regulation hinders diffusion."}},{"path":["financing","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"limited financing options","reading":"limited financing is a bottleneck","insight":"financing scarcity obstructs diffusion."}},{"path":["public_awareness","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"insufficient level of societal awareness","reading":"low awareness is a bottleneck","insight":"awareness is a prerequisite for diffusion."}}]},{"id":"kadar2023#1","study":"kadar2023","text":"Individual-level factors such as gender, age, and education were included in the survey to assess their possible influence on replies.","zone":"Method","obs":"Replies are mapped to the attitude concept; age is not in the concept list and is omitted.","b":[{"path":["gender","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"to assess their possible influence on replies","reading":"individual factors tested for influence on survey replies, no answer given","insight":"demographic characteristics are treated as potential shapers of perceptions of energy and climate issues."}},{"path":["education_training","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"to assess their possible influence on replies","reading":"individual factors tested for influence on survey replies, no answer given","insight":"demographic characteristics are treated as potential shapers of perceptions of energy and climate issues."}}]},{"id":"kadar2023#2","study":"kadar2023","text":"These findings are evaluated as a barrier to public engagement within the renewable energy development process in Israel.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"The referent 'these findings' is the lack of accurate knowledge, lack of policy awareness and lack of trust in citizens' role.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","public_engagement"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"evaluated as a barrier to public engagement","reading":"the lacks of knowledge, awareness and trust are judged to hinder engagement","insight":"deficits in knowledge, awareness and trust jointly obstruct public participation in renewable development."}},{"path":["public_awareness","public_engagement"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"evaluated as a barrier to public engagement","reading":"the lacks of knowledge, awareness and trust are judged to hinder engagement","insight":"deficits in knowledge, awareness and trust jointly obstruct public participation in renewable development."}},{"path":["trust","public_engagement"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"evaluated as a barrier to public engagement","reading":"the lacks of knowledge, awareness and trust are judged to hinder engagement","insight":"deficits in knowledge, awareness and trust jointly obstruct public participation in renewable development."}}]},{"id":"kallis2021#1","study":"kallis2021","text":"However, significant challenges exist in achieving fair distribution in the benefits and costs of developments located on or around islands and in engaging local communities on proposals for installations.","zone":"Gap","obs":"The challenge relation is loosely worded; the deployment link is an interpretation of 'developments'.","b":[{"path":["benefit_distribution","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: islands","note":{"evidence":"significant challenges exist in achieving fair distribution in the benefits and costs","reading":"challenges in fair distribution are framed as obstacles to developments","insight":"fairness in sharing benefits and costs is a recognised hurdle for island renewable developments."}}]},{"id":"kallis2021#2","study":"kallis2021","text":"The review indicates that island communities appeared to be particularly concerned with ensuring that engagement processes give adequate priority to securing local benefits and incorporate credible mechanisms for managing intra-community conflicts.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["community_engagement","benefit_distribution"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"population: island communities","note":{"evidence":"engagement processes give adequate priority to securing local benefits","reading":"communities want engagement to secure local benefits; hedged with 'appeared'","insight":"island communities judge engagement by whether it delivers local benefits."}},{"path":["community_engagement","conflict"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"population: island communities","note":{"evidence":"credible mechanisms for managing intra-community conflicts","reading":"engagement is expected to include mechanisms to manage conflict","insight":"credible conflict management is an expected feature of engagement on islands."}}]},{"id":"kallis2021#3","study":"kallis2021","text":"The article concludes by arguing that islands provide important arenas for testing not just new energy technologies but also ways to improve the integration of justice principles into community engagement on energy issues.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_justice","community_engagement"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: islands as testing arenas","note":{"evidence":"improve the integration of justice principles into community engagement","reading":"argued proposal that justice principles can improve engagement","insight":"islands may serve as testbeds for justice-oriented engagement."}}]},{"id":"kar2018#1","study":"kar2018","text":"A clean cooking energy transition necessitates effortful behaviour changes by cooks, financial decision makers, and other family members.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concept behavioural_change is new; no existing concept covers it.","b":[{"path":["behavioural_change","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"necessitates effortful behaviour changes","reading":"transition requires behaviour change, so prerequisite -> outcome","insight":"clean cooking transition depends on household members actually changing behaviour, not only on technology availability."}}]},{"id":"kar2018#2","study":"kar2018","text":"First, based on process factor conditions of target audience, differential intervention strategies are necessary; second, post-sales interventions are required to support complex and effortful endeavor of accepting a new technology while fighting the old habit of traditional cooking; and third, entire transition process is fragile due to seasonal changes and no-cost reversal to solid fuels.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["post_sales_intervention","technology_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"post-sales interventions are required to support","reading":"stated requirement, so Hypothetical","insight":"acceptance of a new cooking technology continues after purchase and must contend with old habits."}}]},{"id":"karakislak2023#1","study":"karakislak2023","text":"This study highlights the importance of social norms and their influence on perceived justice regarding WEP, which has been neglected in the literature so far.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Perceived justice is mapped to equity_perception.","b":[{"path":["social_norm","equity_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"importance of social norms and their influence on perceived justice","reading":"asserted as neglected relation","insight":"the norm-justice link is a missing piece in explaining wind project acceptance."}}]},{"id":"karakislak2023#2","study":"karakislak2023","text":"The results argue that social norms surface in situations where all the key elements of a project are decided without public impact.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["top_down_decision_making","social_norm"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"social norms surface in situations where all the key elements of a project are decided without public impact","reading":"argued from results","insight":"exclusion of the public from decisions triggers norm emergence."}}]},{"id":"karakislak2023#3","study":"karakislak2023","text":"Moreover, social norms and perceived justice would explain several responses, such as local conflicts, or the motivation to further develop WEP.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_norm","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"would explain several responses, such as local conflicts","reading":"conditional wording","insight":"norms may shape local opposition."}},{"path":["equity_perception","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"perceived justice would explain ... local conflicts","reading":"hypothetical","insight":"justice perceptions may shape conflict."}}]},{"id":"karakosta2013a#1","study":"karakosta2013a","text":"The RES produce no significant waste and are generally favored by policy incentives, but some of them are plagued by high production costs and low efficiency.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","policy"],"rels":["SUPPORTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: renewable energy sources","note":{"evidence":"generally favored by policy incentives","reading":"policy incentives back RES deployment","insight":"renewables benefit from policy support while cost and efficiency issues persist."}},{"path":["cost","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: some RES technologies","note":{"evidence":"plagued by high production costs","reading":"high cost hinders some RES","insight":"cost remains a barrier for certain renewables."}}]},{"id":"karakosta2013a#2","study":"karakosta2013a","text":"On the contrary, the examined nuclear technologies, despite their enhanced safety, reduced costs and minimized waste, still have to face the major issues of weapons proliferation, safety, waste handling and high costs as well as public acceptance, which have been affected by the recent Fukushima accident.","zone":"Result","obs":"Fukushima accident named as affecting public acceptance.","b":[{"path":["risk","public_acceptance"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: nuclear technologies; Fukushima accident","note":{"evidence":"public acceptance, which have been affected by the recent Fukushima accident","reading":"issues such as proliferation, safety, waste and cost remain barriers","insight":"nuclear acceptance remains fragile despite technological improvements."}}]},{"id":"karbasioun2023#1","study":"karbasioun2023","text":"As governments play a crucial role in determining energy and environmental policy, developing practical policymaking tools encourages them to stimulate the adoption of renewable energy technology.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"developing practical policymaking tools encourages them to stimulate the adoption of renewable energy technology","reading":"policy tools are said to encourage governments to stimulate adoption, so a positive influence","insight":"policy tooling is framed as a lever for renewable technology adoption."}}]},{"id":"karbasioun2023#2","study":"karbasioun2023","text":"Taking into account the water shortage in Iran, the second crucial stage is the implementation of water-efficient renewable technologies.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Water efficiency is mapped to technology_performance, the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["technology_performance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: water-scarce context","note":{"evidence":"taking into account the water shortage in Iran, the second crucial stage is the implementation of water-efficient renewable technologies","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so Hypothetical","insight":"water scarcity makes water efficiency a prerequisite for renewable deployment."}}]},{"id":"karlstrom2014#1","study":"karlstrom2014","text":"This presupposes public support for new technologies, which means the public must deal with challenges in terms of placement, area requirements, ecological degradation and price developments.","zone":"Background","obs":"The transition to a sustainable society, named in the preceding sentence, is coded as energy_transition.","b":[{"path":["public_support","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"presupposes public support for new technologies","reading":"presupposition wording marks public support as a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"public support is framed as a precondition for the renewable transition, not a by-product."}}]},{"id":"karlstrom2014#2","study":"karlstrom2014","text":"Our main focus is on the influence of party political preference on views of renewable energy.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["political_partisanship","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"influence of party political preference on views of renewable energy","reading":"the aim examines the effect without stating its direction","insight":"party political preference is the central explanatory factor examined for attitudes to renewables."}}]},{"id":"karlstrom2014#3","study":"karlstrom2014","text":"We find that the sometimes lukewarm enthusiasm for renewable energy technologies cannot be fully explained by existing theories and that political party preference has a larger impact on energy technology attitudes than previously believed.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["political_partisanship","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"political party preference has a larger impact on energy technology attitudes than previously believed","reading":"the finding asserts a larger impact without giving a direction","insight":"partisanship matters more for technology attitudes than earlier research assumed, and existing theories leave part of the lukewarm enthusiasm unexplained."}}]},{"id":"khatiwada2022#1","study":"khatiwada2022","text":"A sensitivity analysis shows that investments costs, electricity price, the efficiency of electrolyzers, and carbon tax (for SMR) could play a key role in reducing LCOH, thereby making the economic competitiveness of hydrogen production.","zone":"Result","obs":"LCOH is mapped to energy_cost.","b":[{"path":["installation_cost","energy_cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"investments costs ... could play a key role in reducing LCOH","reading":"sensitivity analysis finding, hedged with could","insight":"investment cost is a lever on hydrogen production cost and hence competitiveness."}},{"path":["energy_efficiency","energy_cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: electrolyzer efficiency","note":{"evidence":"the efficiency of electrolyzers ... key role in reducing LCOH","reading":"higher efficiency lowers cost","insight":"technical performance underpins economic competitiveness."}}]},{"id":"khatiwada2022#2","study":"khatiwada2022","text":"The key barriers are costs, amendments in rules/regulations, institutions and market creation, public perception, provisions of incentives, and constraints in creating market demand.","zone":"Result","obs":"Deployment is the implied outcome of barriers to hydrogen and gas decarbonization.","b":[{"path":["cost","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"The key barriers are costs","reading":"costs named as barrier to hydrogen deployment","insight":"economic barriers sit alongside regulatory, institutional and social ones."}},{"path":["institutional_barrier","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"institutions and market creation","reading":"institutional barrier listed","insight":"institutional readiness matters for deployment."}},{"path":["risk_perception","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"public perception","reading":"public perception listed as barrier","insight":"social perception is among key barriers to hydrogen deployment."}}]},{"id":"kim2020b#1","study":"kim2020b","text":"We specifically examined why certain people change from the ``oppose'' to ``support'' and vice versa by considering the nonlinearity effects of the demographic factors and knowledge acquired during the deliberation.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["knowledge","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"why certain people change from the ``oppose'' to ``support'' and vice versa","reading":"examines knowledge acquired during deliberation as a factor in opinion change","insight":"opinion change is tied to knowledge gained in deliberation."}}]},{"id":"kim2020b#2","study":"kim2020b","text":"In addition, we find that the role of learning depends on political ideology: knowledge gain intensified the political divides on the issue.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["knowledge","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"moderator: political ideology","note":{"evidence":"knowledge gain intensified the political divides","reading":"the effect of learning depends on ideology","insight":"knowledge gain amplifies rather than reduces ideological polarization."}}]},{"id":"kim2020b#3","study":"kim2020b","text":"We also show that the significance of those demographic factors, especially political ideology, may come from the difference in risk perception and economic/stability assessment of the Shin-Kori nuclear power plants.","zone":"Result","obs":"The excerpt is interpreted as risk perception differences underlying the significance of ideology.","b":[{"path":["risk_perception","political_partisanship"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"may come from the difference in risk perception","reading":"speculative explanation of ideology's significance, direction reversed to cause first","insight":"ideological divides in opinion change may reflect differing risk perceptions."}}]},{"id":"kim2021#1","study":"kim2021","text":"Public acceptance and support for renewable energy are important determinants of the low-carbon energy transition.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"important determinants of the low-carbon energy transition","reading":"stated as established context","insight":"acceptance and support are framed as drivers of the transition."}},{"path":["public_support","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"important determinants of the low-carbon energy transition","reading":"stated as established context","insight":"acceptance and support are framed as drivers of the transition."}}]},{"id":"kim2021#2","study":"kim2021","text":"Public opinion on solar energy is more positive in states with a larger share of Democratic voters in the 2020 presidential election.","zone":"Result","obs":"Public opinion is treated as public_support.","b":[{"path":["political_partisanship","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: states with a larger share of Democratic voters","note":{"evidence":"more positive in states with a larger share of Democratic voters","reading":"state-level association reported as a finding","insight":"political partisanship is linked with the geography of solar sentiment."}}]},{"id":"kim2021#3","study":"kim2021","text":"Public sentiment toward solar energy is more positive in states with consumer-friendly net metering policies and a more mature solar market.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: consumer-friendly net metering policies","note":{"evidence":"more positive in states with consumer-friendly net metering policies","reading":"state-level association","insight":"favourable policy design coincides with more positive public sentiment."}},{"path":["technological_maturity","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: more mature solar market","note":{"evidence":"a more mature solar market","reading":"parallel association reported as a finding","insight":"market maturity coincides with more positive sentiment."}}]},{"id":"kim2021#4","study":"kim2021","text":"States that wish to gain public support for solar energy might want to consider implementing consumer-friendly net metering policies and support the growth of solar businesses.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: consumer-friendly net metering policies","note":{"evidence":"might want to consider implementing consumer-friendly net metering policies","reading":"recommendation, so the effect is hypothetical","insight":"policy design is proposed as a lever for public support."}},{"path":["solar_business","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"support the growth of solar businesses","reading":"recommendation","insight":"solar business growth is proposed as a route to support."}}]},{"id":"kim2024#1","study":"kim2024","text":"A unified, harmonized regulatory framework is essential to ensure safety, radioactive waste management, and accident prevention.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"The outcome concept 'risk' stands for safety, waste management and accident prevention (risk control).","b":[{"path":["regulatory_framework","risk"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"A unified, harmonized regulatory framework is essential to ensure safety","reading":"framed as a requirement, so Hypothetical","insight":"harmonized regulation is presented as a prerequisite for managing nuclear-maritime risks.","mechanism":"none stated"}}]},{"id":"kim2024#2","study":"kim2024","text":"Public acceptance remains a vital factor, requiring rigorous environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and transparent communication to build trust and align SMR-powered vessels with global sustainability objectives.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["environmental_impact","public_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"requiring rigorous environmental impact assessments (EIAs)","reading":"requirement wording, prescriptive","insight":"acceptance is tied to demonstrated environmental scrutiny of vessels."}},{"path":["communication","trust"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"transparent communication to build trust","reading":"communication presented as a prerequisite for trust","insight":"transparency is the stated route to trust in SMR vessels."}}]},{"id":"kirkels2021#1","study":"kirkels2021","text":"However, to make the most of this requires that Systems Engineering addresses policy making, distributed agency, and complexity.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Systems Engineering is mapped to the existing concept sociotechnical_approach.","b":[{"path":["policy","sociotechnical_approach"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"requires that Systems Engineering addresses policy making","reading":"prerequisite wording gives ENABLES, and the requirement makes it Hypothetical","insight":"Systems Engineering's value for the energy transition depends on addressing policy making, not only technical aspects."}}]},{"id":"klain2018#1","study":"klain2018","text":"Proposals to develop renewable energy technologies may threaten local values, which can generate opposition.","zone":"Background","obs":"Threat to local values is the intermediate step; opposition is coded as conflict.","b":[{"path":["deployment","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"may threaten local values, which can generate opposition","reading":"INFLUENCES with hedged wording","insight":"perceived threat to local values is a pathway from development proposals to opposition."}}]},{"id":"klain2018#2","study":"klain2018","text":"Efforts to explain this opposition have focused on perceived negative aesthetic and environmental impact.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["visual_impact","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"focused on perceived negative aesthetic and environmental impact","reading":"prior explanations of opposition","insight":"existing research explains opposition mainly through aesthetic and environmental impacts."}},{"path":["environmental_impact","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"focused on perceived negative aesthetic and environmental impact","reading":"prior explanations of opposition","insight":"existing research explains opposition mainly through aesthetic and environmental impacts."}}]},{"id":"klain2018#3","study":"klain2018","text":"We find that this difference can be attributed to the affective and intuitive ways in which people perceive risk.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concern about some ecosystem service risks over others is attributed to affective risk perception.","b":[{"path":["risk_perception","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"attributed to the affective and intuitive ways in which people perceive risk","reading":"the way risk is perceived explains differing concern","insight":"public concern depends on affective risk perception rather than quantifiable impacts."}}]},{"id":"kloppenburg2019#1","study":"kloppenburg2019","text":"In this paper we focus on how residential energy storage technologies can enable householders to contribute to the energy transition.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_storage","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how residential energy storage technologies can enable householders to contribute to the energy transition","reading":"framed as an enabling question and examined, not answered","insight":"storage is framed as a means for household participation in the transition."}}]},{"id":"kloppenburg2019#2","study":"kloppenburg2019","text":"We argue that for householders, these storage modes facilitate new energy practices such as providing grid services, trading, self-consumption, and sharing of energy.","zone":"Result","obs":"Energy practices are coded with the existing concept action.","b":[{"path":["energy_storage","action"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"these storage modes facilitate new energy practices","reading":"facilitation wording is coded as a positive influence and asserted by the authors","insight":"storage modes open new household practices beyond passive consumption."}}]},{"id":"kloppenburg2019#3","study":"kloppenburg2019","text":"We conclude by discussing how householders also face new dependencies on information technologies and intermediary actors to organize the multi-directional energy flows which battery systems unleash.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Dependencies are coded loosely with the existing concept institutional_barrier.","b":[{"path":["energy_storage","institutional_barrier"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"householders also face new dependencies on information technologies and intermediary actors","reading":"battery systems produce new dependencies; the direction is unspecified","insight":"household empowerment through storage is accompanied by new dependencies on intermediaries."}}]},{"id":"kluskens2024#1","study":"kluskens2024","text":"Community acceptance is considered a prerequisite for successful energy transitions and the uptake of renewable energy technologies (RET).","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["community_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"a prerequisite for successful energy transitions and the uptake","reading":"prerequisite wording gives ENABLES, presented as established","insight":"acceptance is treated as a precondition for both transitions and technology uptake."}},{"path":["community_acceptance","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"a prerequisite for successful energy transitions and the uptake","reading":"prerequisite wording gives ENABLES, presented as established","insight":"acceptance is treated as a precondition for both transitions and technology uptake."}}]},{"id":"kluskens2024#2","study":"kluskens2024","text":"Furthermore, we see that roles can influence and interact dynamically with responses and that preferences for roles are heterogeneous.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concepts 'roles' and 'responses' are approximated by participation and community_acceptance.","b":[{"path":["participation","community_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"roles can influence and interact dynamically with responses","reading":"roles are mapped to participation and responses to acceptance; direction unstated","insight":"actor roles shape acceptance responses interactively rather than statically."}}]},{"id":"kluskens2024#3","study":"kluskens2024","text":"To move beyond acceptance as a merely coincidental outcome, but a widely embraced and intentional process, this process should meet the participatory needs of different actors.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["participation","community_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"this process should meet the participatory needs of different actors","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so Hypothetical","insight":"intentional acceptance depends on meeting the varied participatory needs of actors."}}]},{"id":"knayer2022#1","study":"knayer2022","text":"Digitization of the energy industry is the key to a successful energy transition.","zone":"Background","obs":"Digitization is mapped to the existing concept technological_advancement.","b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Digitization of the energy industry is the key to a successful energy transition","reading":"key wording implies a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"digitization is framed as a precondition for the energy transition, which motivates smart meter acceptance."}}]},{"id":"knayer2022#2","study":"knayer2022","text":"The objective of this paper is therefore to determine the current status of this technology in companies and to pursue the research question of which factors influence acceptance and use.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Factors are unnamed in the excerpt; personal_and_social_factors is used as the closest existing placeholder concept.","b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","technology_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"which factors influence acceptance and use","reading":"research question without a proposed answer, so Investigated","insight":"acceptance of smart meters is treated as shaped by factors that remain to be identified."}}]},{"id":"knayer2022#3","study":"knayer2022","text":"Further research should investigate company acceptance criteria, as this can increase implementation and make better predictions about the technology.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_criteria","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"population: companies","note":{"evidence":"company acceptance criteria, as this can increase implementation","reading":"prescriptive recommendation, so Hypothetical","insight":"understanding company acceptance criteria is expected to raise implementation, and none are studied yet."}}]},{"id":"koirala2018b#1","study":"koirala2018b","text":"Through system integration and community engagement CESs assist in transition to a low-carbon energy system.","zone":"Background","obs":"Community energy systems are the actors assisting the transition; engagement is the stated mechanism.","b":[{"path":["community_engagement","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Through system integration and community engagement CESs assist in transition","reading":"engagement is presented as a means through which CESs support the transition","insight":"community engagement is framed as a pathway linking local energy systems to the low-carbon transition."}}]},{"id":"koirala2018b#2","study":"koirala2018b","text":"Despite the high importance, there is limited knowledge on willingness of local citizens to participate in the local energy systems such as CESs as well as associated factors determining such willingness.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Willingness to participate is coded as participation.","b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","participation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"associated factors determining such willingness","reading":"the determinants of willingness to participate are described as insufficiently known","insight":"the factors shaping citizens' willingness to join community energy remain poorly understood."}}]},{"id":"koirala2018b#3","study":"koirala2018b","text":"Through a survey among 599 citizens in the Netherlands, this research analyses the impact of demographic, socio-economic, socio-institutional as well as environmental factors on willingness to participate in CESs.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","participation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"analyses the impact of demographic, socio-economic, socio-institutional as well as environmental factors on willingness to participate","reading":"the study tests the effect of several factor groups with no direction stated","insight":"willingness to participate is examined as a function of multiple factor groups."}}]},{"id":"koirala2018b#4","study":"koirala2018b","text":"Factor and multi-variate regression analysis reveals that the environmental concern, renewables acceptance, energy independence, community trust, community resistance, education, energy related education and awareness about local energy initiatives are the most important factors in determining the citizens' willingness to participate in CESs.","zone":"Result","obs":"The abstract lists the factors without a direction; they are grouped under the existing concept personal_and_social_factors.","b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","participation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"joint with: environmental concern, renewables acceptance, energy independence, community trust, community resistance, education, energy related education, awareness","note":{"evidence":"most important factors in determining the citizens' willingness to participate","reading":"the listed factors are reported as the main determinants, with no direction given","insight":"willingness to participate depends on a mix of attitudinal, trust and educational factors."}}]},{"id":"koirala2018c#1","study":"koirala2018c","text":"Community energy storage (CES) is expected to contribute positively towards energy transition while accommodating the needs and expectations of citizens and local communities.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_storage","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"expected to contribute positively towards energy transition","reading":"expectation, so Hypothetical","insight":"community storage is framed as aiding transition while meeting local needs."}}]},{"id":"koirala2018c#2","study":"koirala2018c","text":"Yet, the technological and societal challenges of integrating CES in the largely centralized present energy system demand for socio-technical innovation.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technological_barrier","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: integration into centralized energy system","note":{"evidence":"technological and societal challenges of integrating CES","reading":"challenges limit integration","insight":"integration of storage is hindered by both technical and societal barriers, requiring socio-technical innovation."}},{"path":["social_barrier","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: integration into centralized energy system","note":{"evidence":"technological and societal challenges of integrating CES","reading":"challenges limit integration","insight":"integration of storage is hindered by both technical and societal barriers, requiring socio-technical innovation."}}]},{"id":"koirala2018c#3","study":"koirala2018c","text":"The responsible research and innovation (RRI) framework can provide a new discourse in design and implementation of CES, facilitating the transition to a sustainable, reliable, inclusive and affordable future energy system.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"The RRI framework is mapped to the existing concept sociotechnical_approach.","b":[{"path":["sociotechnical_approach","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"can provide a new discourse ... facilitating the transition","reading":"RRI framework is proposed to facilitate transition, hedged with can","insight":"responsible innovation is proposed as a route to inclusive transition."}}]},{"id":"komendantova2021#1","study":"komendantova2021","text":"However, moving from awareness to action is a complex process and requires understanding of social factors.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_awareness","action"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"moving from awareness to action is a complex process","reading":"awareness-to-action link is stated as complex, direction unspecified","insight":"awareness does not translate straightforwardly into action; understanding social factors is needed."}}]},{"id":"komendantova2021#2","study":"komendantova2021","text":"The results show high level of awareness about the need of climate change mitigation across countries, which is decreasing with the level of details about the projects or the energy transition processes.","zone":"Result","obs":"Level of project detail is mapped to information_attention as the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["information_attention","public_awareness"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"decreasing with the level of details about the projects","reading":"awareness falls as project detail increases","insight":"awareness of climate mitigation is general and erodes when concrete project details are introduced."}}]},{"id":"komendantova2021#3","study":"komendantova2021","text":"Also, such factors as maintenance and reparation of technology and possibility to participate in decision-making processes have impact on willingness to support energy transition which goes beyond social acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["maintenance_practice","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"maintenance and reparation of technology ... have impact on willingness to support","reading":"impact stated without direction","insight":"practical technology upkeep matters for support beyond passive acceptance."}},{"path":["participation","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"possibility to participate in decision-making processes have impact","reading":"impact without stated direction","insight":"participation opportunities shape willingness to support, extending beyond acceptance."}}]},{"id":"korucan2024#1","study":"korucan2024","text":"According to the interviewees, financial and political barriers such as high investor costs, insufficient incentives for power generation, and the lack of incentives for direct utilization, along with lengthy and exhausting permitting processes, still hinder the prevalence of geothermal energy utilization in the country.","zone":"Result","obs":"Barriers are attributed to interviewees.","b":[{"path":["cost","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: high investor costs","note":{"evidence":"high investor costs\" ... \"hinder the prevalence","reading":"cost is named as a barrier limiting geothermal utilization","insight":"financial burdens on investors restrict geothermal diffusion."}},{"path":["economic_incentive","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: incentives for power generation and direct utilization","note":{"evidence":"insufficient incentives for power generation, and the lack of incentives for direct utilization","reading":"lack of incentives noted under incentive's own relation","insight":"incentive gaps limit geothermal deployment."}},{"path":["regulation","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: lengthy permitting processes","note":{"evidence":"lengthy and exhausting permitting processes","reading":"permitting is a barrier","insight":"administrative procedures hinder geothermal expansion."}}]},{"id":"korucan2024#2","study":"korucan2024","text":"Respondents find that Geothermal suggests a huge opportunity for the Green Energy transition in Turkiye and aids economic development through increases in employment opportunities and household welfare using combined uses in district heating, electricity, and greenhouse usage.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"huge opportunity for the Green Energy transition","reading":"respondents see geothermal as an opportunity for the transition","insight":"geothermal is perceived as a driver of the energy transition."}},{"path":["deployment","economic_value"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: combined uses in district heating, electricity and greenhouse","note":{"evidence":"aids economic development through increases in employment opportunities and household welfare","reading":"respondents report economic benefits","insight":"combined uses are seen to yield economic and welfare gains."}}]},{"id":"kreuz2019#1","study":"kreuz2019","text":"Rather, a positive attitude and an understanding by the general public are critical to its success.","zone":"Background","obs":"Understanding is mapped to the existing concept knowledge; 'its' refers to the energy transition.","b":[{"path":["attitude","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"a positive attitude and an understanding by the general public are critical to its success","reading":"critical implies prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"public attitude and understanding are treated as necessary conditions for transition success, beyond technology or economics."}},{"path":["knowledge","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"a positive attitude and an understanding by the general public are critical to its success","reading":"critical implies prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"public attitude and understanding are treated as necessary conditions for transition success, beyond technology or economics."}}]},{"id":"kreuz2019#2","study":"kreuz2019","text":"This diversity is at the heart of the communication challenges.","zone":"Result","obs":"'This diversity' refers to the diverse reasons stakeholders give for supporting the energy transition.","b":[{"path":["stakeholder_perspective","communication"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"This diversity is at the heart of the communication challenges","reading":"diverse reasons for support make communication difficult","insight":"diverse motives for supporting the transition complicate communicating it, so apparent goal consensus is deceptive."}}]},{"id":"krick2018#1","study":"krick2018","text":"This study deals with the German Federal Government's approach of ensuring public support for its `Energiewende', the swift and complete transition to an energy system based on renewable sources.","zone":"Object","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["government_role","public_support"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"approach of ensuring public support","reading":"the government's approach is framed as a means of securing public support, so it is coded as ENABLES","insight":"public support for the energy transition is treated as something the state must actively produce."}}]},{"id":"krick2018#2","study":"krick2018","text":"The study then traces the need for a strong social mandate of the energy transition back to the scope of the regulatory challenge and the recently growing conflicts around implementation, to institutional constraints of a consensus democracy and to the narrative of `Energiewende' as the `grand national task'.","zone":"Result","obs":"The excerpt traces the need for a social mandate to several factors; each is coded as a driver of that need, with public_support as proxy for social mandate.","b":[{"path":["conflict","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"growing conflicts around implementation","reading":"conflicts are traced as a reason why a strong social mandate is needed","insight":"growing implementation conflict raises the need for public support."}},{"path":["institutional_barrier","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"institutional constraints of a consensus democracy","reading":"institutional constraints are traced as a reason why a social mandate is needed","insight":"consensus-democratic institutions make public backing necessary."}},{"path":["socio-technical_narrative","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"narrative of `Energiewende' as the `grand national task'","reading":"the narrative is traced as a reason for the need for a social mandate","insight":"the grand national task framing makes public mandate a necessity."}}]},{"id":"kruczek2025#1","study":"kruczek2025","text":"Support for implementing HPHS in former mining sites is stronger in Western Macedonia (73%) compared to & Lstrok;& oacute;dzkie Region (63%), with knowledge of HPHS correlating positively with acceptance (r = 0.83, p ¡ 0.01).","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["knowledge","acceptance"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"knowledge of HPHS correlating positively with acceptance","reading":"correlation, so RELATES-TO with positive sign","insight":"familiarity with the technology goes together with higher acceptance."}}]},{"id":"kruczek2025#2","study":"kruczek2025","text":"However, success requires region-specific strategies, including transparent communication, stakeholder involvement, and targeted investment in workforce adaptation and infrastructure.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Success refers to the repurposing of former lignite mines into HPHS facilities.","b":[{"path":["communication","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"success requires region-specific strategies, including transparent communication","reading":"requirement stated as a prescription","insight":"success of repurposing depends on tailoring communication to the region."}},{"path":["public_engagement","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"success requires ... stakeholder involvement","reading":"prerequisite stated","insight":"involvement of stakeholders is a precondition for success."}},{"path":["investment","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"success requires ... targeted investment in workforce adaptation and infrastructure","reading":"prerequisite stated","insight":"workforce and infrastructure investment is needed for the repurposing to succeed."}}]},{"id":"kumar2021#1","study":"kumar2021","text":"Problematic aspects of the non-renewable energy sources like adverse environmental impact, supply intemtption fear and energy transition pathways are prmentext A detailed summary of the RESs annual potential and a comparative analysis between fossil and RESs regarding carbon dioxide (CO2) emission are presented and the main barriers and remedial approaches in adaptation of RESs are portrayed.","zone":"Object","obs":"Concept fossil_fuel_association is used to represent non-renewable energy sources.","b":[{"path":["fossil_fuel_association","environmental_impact"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"adverse environmental impact","reading":"non-renewable sources are presented as problematic through adverse environmental impact","insight":"environmental harm is framed as a core drawback of non-renewables motivating renewable adoption."}}]},{"id":"kunneke2015#1","study":"kunneke2015","text":"We elaborate a theoretical framework that allows us to make a systematic inventory of embedded values of offshore energy systems and relate them to their societal acceptability.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Embedded values are mapped to the concept social_criteria.","b":[{"path":["social_criteria","social_acceptance"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"relate them to their societal acceptability","reading":"the framework links embedded values of offshore energy systems to acceptability, no direction stated","insight":"acceptability is framed as tied to the values embedded in technology design."}}]},{"id":"kunneke2015#2","study":"kunneke2015","text":"By characterizing both objects and subjects of acceptability, we shed light on ways to identify areas of value conflicts that must be addressed in purposeful design.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","conflict"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"identify areas of value conflicts","reading":"characterizing objects and subjects of acceptability helps locate value conflicts","insight":"acceptability analysis can reveal where value conflicts arise that design must address."}}]},{"id":"ladenburg2020#1","study":"ladenburg2020","text":"Nonetheless, public opposition has been increasing and the discussion regarding siting wind turbines onshore or offshore is consistently present in public discourse.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","citizens"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"public opposition has been increasing","reading":"opposition to wind deployment is asserted as established context","insight":"siting debates accompany growing opposition even as capacity expands."}}]},{"id":"ladenburg2020#2","study":"ladenburg2020","text":"Furthermore, spatial data is found to be significant with regard to the preferences of the respondents, particularly respondents' distance to the coast and potential offshore wind farms and the number of wind turbines seen from the residence and the number of turbines in the postal area.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["infrastructure_distance","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"distance to the coast and to potential offshore wind farms","note":{"evidence":"spatial data is found to be significant","reading":"significant effect with no direction given","insight":"spatial proximity to turbines shapes siting preferences."}},{"path":["visual_impact","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"number of turbines seen from residence and in postal area","note":{"evidence":"number of wind turbines seen from the residence","reading":"exposure to turbines is significant, direction unstated","insight":"existing turbine exposure matters for preferences."}}]},{"id":"ladenburg2020#3","study":"ladenburg2020","text":"As a secondary result, findings suggest socioeconomic characteristics such as age and income are significantly related to respondents' preferences, in line with previous research.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","preference"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"age and income","note":{"evidence":"significantly related to respondents' preferences","reading":"association without direction, hedged with suggest","insight":"socioeconomic traits are consistently linked to siting preferences."}}]},{"id":"ladenburg2024#1","study":"ladenburg2024","text":"Additionally, we discover that the acceptance of a specific technology is contingent on locations.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","technology_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"acceptance of a specific technology is contingent on locations","reading":"contingency wording implies location affects acceptance, with no direction given","insight":"technology acceptance is not fixed but varies with where the technology is placed."}}]},{"id":"ladenburg2024#2","study":"ladenburg2024","text":"Specifically, the public acceptance of PV, WP, and CCS depends on the place of living and the potential location of technology placement.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: PV, wind power and CCS; moderator: place of living","note":{"evidence":"depends on the place of living and the potential location of technology placement","reading":"dependence on location is stated without direction","insight":"acceptance is shaped jointly by where the technology is placed and where respondents live."}}]},{"id":"lam2025#1","study":"lam2025","text":"Findings from SEM indicate that Performance Expectancy (PE, beta = 0.311, p ¡ 0.001), Price Value (PV, beta = 0.245, p = 0.006), Facilitating Conditions (FC, beta = 0.311, p ¡ 0.001) and Environmental Concern (EC, beta = 0.253, p ¡ 0.001) significantly predict Behavioral Intention (BI) to adopt rooftop solar PV systems.","zone":"Result","obs":"Facilitating Conditions mapped to regulatory_support as closest existing concept; Environmental Concern not separately chained.","b":[{"path":["efficiency_perception","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Performance Expectancy ... significantly predict Behavioral Intention","reading":"predictive wording from SEM, so INFLUENCES","insight":"perceived performance drives adoption intention."}},{"path":["economic_value","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Price Value ... significantly predict Behavioral Intention","reading":"SEM predictive effect","insight":"perceived value for money supports adoption intention."}},{"path":["regulatory_support","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Facilitating Conditions ... significantly predict Behavioral Intention","reading":"SEM predictive effect","insight":"enabling conditions raise adoption intention."}}]},{"id":"lam2025#2","study":"lam2025","text":"Social Influence (SI, beta = -0.111, p = 0.165), Effort Expectancy (EE, beta = -0.098, p = 0.266) and Hedonic Motivation (HM, beta = 0.082, p = 0.167) were statistically insignificant.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_norm","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Social Influence ... statistically insignificant","reading":"non-significance in SEM","insight":"social influence not supported quantitatively, contrasting with interviews."}}]},{"id":"lam2025#3","study":"lam2025","text":"However, qualitative findings reveal that Social Influence plays a significant role in shaping BI, highlighting the importance of peer recommendations and community perceptions.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_norm","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"population: interview participants","note":{"evidence":"Social Influence plays a significant role in shaping BI","reading":"qualitative finding contradicts survey non-significance","insight":"peer and community views matter qualitatively though not statistically."}}]},{"id":"lammers2023#1","study":"lammers2023","text":"It further showed that perceptions may differ depending on a technology's development stage, with emerging technologies generally receiving more favorable views compared to established ones.","zone":"Result","obs":"Attitude is operationalised as Twitter sentiment.","b":[{"path":["technological_maturity","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: emerging versus established technologies","note":{"evidence":"perceptions may differ depending on a technology's development stage","reading":"hedged finding of the study's own analysis, so Affirmed; direction given by emerging being more favorable","insight":"perceived favorability varies with technology maturity, with newer technologies viewed more positively than established ones."}}]},{"id":"lammers2023#2","study":"lammers2023","text":"This discrepancy can likely be attributed to varying implementation effects and contextual situations associated with the technologies.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Implementation effects are coded loosely as environmental_impact, since no closer existing concept applies.","b":[{"path":["environmental_impact","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: specific energy technologies","note":{"evidence":"likely be attributed to varying implementation effects and contextual situations","reading":"speculative explanation beyond what was measured, so Hypothetical","insight":"identity-based sentiment trends break down for specific technologies, possibly because of implementation and context."}}]},{"id":"lammers2023#3","study":"lammers2023","text":"The findings suggest that personalized communication strategies for specific social groups may be beneficial for understanding and addressing public opinions, needs, and concerns within the energy transition.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","public_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: specific social groups","note":{"evidence":"personalized communication strategies for specific social groups may be beneficial","reading":"recommendation, not tested efficacy, so Hypothetical","insight":"tailoring communication to social groups is proposed as a route to addressing public opinion in the transition."}}]},{"id":"langer2016a#1","study":"langer2016a","text":"Acceptance plays an important role in the successful adoption of wind energy technology.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["acceptance","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Acceptance plays an important role in the successful adoption","reading":"acceptance is framed as important for adoption, so ENABLES","insight":"acceptance is treated as a prerequisite for successful technology adoption."}}]},{"id":"langer2016a#2","study":"langer2016a","text":"Using a qualitative approach, the results indicate that the perception of political processes, such as the recent enacting of the 10-H regulation in Bavaria, influences the acceptance towards wind energy, as trust and transparency in political processes are essential.","zone":"Result","obs":"Transparency is also named as essential, but no existing concept was used for it.","b":[{"path":["regulation","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: perception of political processes, e.g. the 10-H regulation","note":{"evidence":"perception of political processes ... influences the acceptance","reading":"the findings indicate an influence with no direction given","insight":"how political processes are perceived shapes wind acceptance, beyond the technology itself."}},{"path":["trust","acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: trust in political processes","note":{"evidence":"trust and transparency in political processes are essential","reading":"described as essential, so a prerequisite","insight":"trust in political processes is a precondition for wind acceptance."}}]},{"id":"langer2016a#3","study":"langer2016a","text":"In addition, the paper reveals the importance of the distributive justice, focusing in particular on the subitem envy, which can be considered on a neighboring or regional level.","zone":"Result","obs":"The sentence does not name acceptance; it is implied by the study's focus.","b":[{"path":["benefit_distribution","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: envy at neighboring or regional level","note":{"evidence":"the importance of the distributive justice","reading":"the importance of distributive justice is read as an influence on acceptance, with no direction stated","insight":"perceived unfair distribution, such as envy of neighbors, matters for wind acceptance."}}]},{"id":"lau2021a#1","study":"lau2021a","text":"Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies will play a major role in this energy transition by decarbonizing existing and new fossil fuel power plants and the production of low-carbon fossil-fuel-based blue hydrogen.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["ccs","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"CCS technologies will play a major role in this energy transition","reading":"forward-looking claim about CCS enabling the transition, so Hypothetical","insight":"CCS is positioned as a necessary component of decarbonisation pathways based on fossil assets."}}]},{"id":"lau2021a#2","study":"lau2021a","text":"However, the slow pace of CCS implementation is concerning and is due, in part, to too low of an oil price to make CO2-enhanced oil recovery profitable, lack of financial incentives for CO2 geological storage, low public acceptance, lack of consistent government energy policy and CCS regulations, and high capital investment.","zone":"Result","obs":"The 'in part' hedge indicates several co-occurring causes.","b":[{"path":["economic_incentive","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: CO2 geological storage","note":{"evidence":"lack of financial incentives for CO2 geological storage","reading":"lack of incentives is coded as the incentive relation with the deficit noted","insight":"absent incentives are a cause of slow CCS rollout."}},{"path":["public_acceptance","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"low public acceptance","reading":"low acceptance given as partial cause of slow implementation","insight":"public acceptance is one of several co-occurring barriers to CCS."}},{"path":["policy","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"lack of consistent government energy policy and CCS regulations","reading":"lack of consistent policy and regulation is a deficit of the policy relation","insight":"policy inconsistency undermines CCS deployment."}},{"path":["cost","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: high capital investment","note":{"evidence":"high capital investment","reading":"cost named as a barrier","insight":"capital intensity limits CCS rollout."}}]},{"id":"lau2021a#3","study":"lau2021a","text":"Among others, they include establishing regional CCS corridors to make use of economy of scale, public CCS engagement, carbon pricing, and using public-private partnership for financing, technology transfer, and linking up different stakeholders.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_engagement","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"public CCS engagement","reading":"proposed way to accelerate implementation, so Hypothetical","insight":"engagement is proposed as an acceleration lever."}},{"path":["public_private_cooperation","financing"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"public-private partnership for financing","reading":"proposal, untested","insight":"cooperation is proposed to unlock finance for CCS."}}]},{"id":"lavidas2018#1","study":"lavidas2018","text":"Offshore resources benefit from higher energy density, smaller visual impacts, and higher availability levels.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","visual_impact"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: offshore locations","note":{"evidence":"smaller visual impacts","reading":"offshore siting is stated to bring smaller visual impacts","insight":"offshore siting is presented as an advantage because it reduces visual impact, a common acceptance concern."}}]},{"id":"lavidas2018#2","study":"lavidas2018","text":"Temporal variability of production is a limiting factor for wider adaptation of large offshore farms.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Temporal variability of production is mapped to the existing concept uncertainty.","b":[{"path":["uncertainty","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: large offshore farms","note":{"evidence":"limiting factor for wider adaptation","reading":"production variability is named as a limiter of deployment","insight":"technical intermittency restricts the scaling of offshore wind."}}]},{"id":"lavidas2018#3","study":"lavidas2018","text":"Spatio-temporal correlation of wind and wave energy production exhibit that wind and wave hybrid stations can contribute significant amounts of clean energy, while at the same time reducing spatial constrains and public acceptance issues.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technology_choice","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: wind and wave hybrid stations","note":{"evidence":"reducing spatial constrains and public acceptance issues","reading":"hybrid stations are said to reduce acceptance issues","insight":"combining technologies is framed as easing acceptance problems, not directly tested."}}]},{"id":"lazaroiu2024#1","study":"lazaroiu2024","text":"In the smart home will play a key role to increase awareness of families' energy consumption.","zone":"Background","obs":"The excerpt's sentence fragment refers to household appliances and control tools in the smart home; the chain uses the existing concept technology_choice as the closest fit for smart home technology.","b":[{"path":["technology_choice","public_awareness"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will play a key role to increase awareness of families' energy consumption","reading":"predictive wording, so Hypothetical","insight":"smart home tools are expected to raise household awareness of energy use."}}]},{"id":"lazaroiu2024#2","study":"lazaroiu2024","text":"IoT (Internet of Things) devices for the smart home allow us to monitor consumption and pay attention to efficiently energy use.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technology_choice","energy_efficiency"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"allow us to monitor consumption and pay attention to efficiently energy use","reading":"IoT devices make monitoring possible, which supports efficient use","insight":"monitoring capability is presented as a precondition for efficient household energy use."}}]},{"id":"lee2019#1","study":"lee2019","text":"The result shows that the current price of residential photovoltaic system for cohousing is economically feasible without subsidy and it will increase positively acceptability of renewable energy.","zone":"Result","obs":"The acceptability claim is a forward-looking statement, not a measured result.","b":[{"path":["economic_viability","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: without subsidy","note":{"evidence":"it will increase positively acceptability of renewable energy","reading":"the economic feasibility is stated to increase acceptability, a predictive claim","insight":"economic feasibility without subsidy is presented as a route to wider acceptability of renewables."}}]},{"id":"lee2021#1","study":"lee2021","text":"The low electricity tariff in Korea compared with other developed countries renders renewable energy expansion more challenging as its costs are higher than those of traditional power generation such as thermal and nuclear power.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_cost","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"renders renewable energy expansion more challenging as its costs are higher","reading":"higher renewable costs relative to a low tariff hinder expansion","insight":"cost gap against a low tariff is a structural barrier to renewable expansion."}}]},{"id":"lee2021#2","study":"lee2021","text":"An increase in the electricity tariff is required to help the expansion of renewable energy and accelerate the energy transition.","zone":"Background","obs":"Tariff is coded as pricing; deployment stands for renewable expansion.","b":[{"path":["pricing","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"An increase in the electricity tariff is required","reading":"stated as a prerequisite (requirement), so Hypothetical","insight":"tariff increases are framed as necessary for expansion, yet they may erode public acceptance."}}]},{"id":"lee2021#3","study":"lee2021","text":"The drastic change in acceptance is attributed to the electricity tariff spike.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["pricing","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: when the renewable expansion target becomes more challenging in 2025","note":{"evidence":"attributed to the electricity tariff spike","reading":"simulation attributes the acceptance drop to the tariff spike","insight":"tariff increases needed for expansion can sharply undermine public acceptance."}}]},{"id":"lee2023a#1","study":"lee2023a","text":"The first contribution is methodological, recognizing more effective and inclusive forms of engagement begin with building reciprocal relationships and collaborative research partnerships operationalizing the tenets of energy justice.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Energy_justice stands for the justice-based partnership practice that the sentence presents as the basis of engagement.","b":[{"path":["energy_justice","community_engagement"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"engagement begin with building reciprocal relationships and collaborative research partnerships operationalizing the tenets of energy justice","reading":"relationships and partnerships grounded in energy justice are framed as the starting point of inclusive engagement","insight":"inclusive engagement is presented as dependent on justice-based, reciprocal partnerships."}}]},{"id":"lee2023a#2","study":"lee2023a","text":"This study reinforces the need for SA research to move beyond asking what technologies receive public support and where those technologies should be sited to consider how access and transparency in planning processes, collaboration, engagement, development, ownership, and ben-efits are organized and can be radically reconfigured to enable the just transition to a decarbonized energy system.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Participation stands for access, transparency, collaboration, engagement and ownership in planning.","b":[{"path":["participation","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"radically reconfigured to enable the just transition","reading":"reorganized access, transparency, ownership and benefits are presented as needed for a just transition","insight":"the organization of planning processes matters for a just transition, beyond technology support and siting."}}]},{"id":"lee2023b#1","study":"lee2023b","text":"We seek to understand the drivers of support for solar, wind, biomass, and nuclear energy, which are the largest low-carbon energy sources and together account for the majority of UK power generation.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Drivers are only named generically in this sentence.","b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"understand the drivers of support","reading":"drivers are unnamed beyond a placeholder, mapped to a general factor concept","insight":"support is examined separately per energy source."}}]},{"id":"lee2023b#2","study":"lee2023b","text":"We carry out a comparative study by synthesising the results of our independent analyses for each energy source and find that the preferred energy sources vary with respondents' views on anticipated climate change impacts.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["climate_change_belief","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"preferred energy sources vary with respondents' views on anticipated climate change impacts","reading":"variation without stated direction","insight":"energy source preference depends on climate change beliefs."}}]},{"id":"lee2023b#3","study":"lee2023b","text":"Those who believe that potential effects of climate change will be catastrophic tend to prefer renewable energy sources whereas those less concerned about climate change tend to prefer nuclear power.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["climate_change_belief","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: those believing climate change effects will be catastrophic prefer renewables; less concerned prefer nuclear","note":{"evidence":"believe that potential effects of climate change will be catastrophic tend to prefer renewable energy sources","reading":"direction differs by technology","insight":"climate concern splits preferences between renewables and nuclear."}}]},{"id":"lee2023b#4","study":"lee2023b","text":"The public also prefers energy sources about which they are more familiar or knowledgeable.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["knowledge","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"prefers energy sources about which they are more familiar or knowledgeable","reading":"familiarity and knowledge raise preference","insight":"familiarity with a technology favours its preference."}}]},{"id":"lee2023b#5","study":"lee2023b","text":"Energy transition policies should be adjusted to better consider the factors that drive public acceptance of low-carbon energy sources, including exploring ways to secure policy support that considers energy source-specific characteristics and expanding public awareness of climate change and individual technologies, particularly among certain demographics.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_awareness","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: certain demographics","note":{"evidence":"expanding public awareness of climate change and individual technologies","reading":"a recommendation, so a proposed effect","insight":"awareness-raising is proposed as a lever for acceptance, especially for some demographics."}}]},{"id":"lennon2019#1","study":"lennon2019","text":"In numerous instances, these oppositions have been in reaction to the disempowerment of local rights and entitlements associated with specific developments.","zone":"Background","obs":"The excerpt names local opposition to renewable deployment; citizens are used for local people.","b":[{"path":["deployment","citizens"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"oppositions have been in reaction to the disempowerment of local rights","reading":"local opposition is framed as a reaction to disempowerment","insight":"opposition to deployment stems from loss of local rights rather than technology itself."}}]},{"id":"lennon2019#2","study":"lennon2019","text":"Participants expressed having restricted agency as citizens participating in the energy system.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_transition","agency_approval"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"restricted agency as citizens participating in the energy system","reading":"participants report limited agency within the energy system","insight":"citizen participation exists nominally but agency remains restricted."}}]},{"id":"lennon2019#3","study":"lennon2019","text":"Citizens remain locked out of the decision-making processes of the energy transition.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["top_down_decision_making","participation"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Citizens remain locked out of the decision-making processes","reading":"exclusion from decisions limits citizen participation","insight":"top-down decision making keeps citizens outside the transition."}}]},{"id":"lennon2019#4","study":"lennon2019","text":"This paper presents demonstrable examples of how extended stakeholder perspectives can improve procedural justice outcomes and ensure the rollout of more equitable energy configurations into the future.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["stakeholder_perspective","procedural_justice"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"extended stakeholder perspectives can improve procedural justice outcomes","reading":"authors claim improvement","insight":"broadening stakeholder perspectives is presented as a route to procedural justice."}},{"path":["stakeholder_perspective","social_equity"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"ensure the rollout of more equitable energy configurations","reading":"equitable configurations treated as social equity","insight":"inclusive perspectives are linked to more equitable energy rollout."}}]},{"id":"levenda2021a#1","study":"levenda2021a","text":"Yet many energy technologies classified as renewable have human health and livelihood implications that jeopardize the lives and wellbeing of those already most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Concept deployment stands for renewable energy technologies in general; vulnerable_households is used for the most vulnerable populations.","b":[{"path":["deployment","vulnerable_households"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: renewable energy technologies with human health and livelihood implications","note":{"evidence":"jeopardize the lives and wellbeing of those already most vulnerable","reading":"stated as established background, negative effect on vulnerable groups","insight":"renewable technologies can worsen vulnerability, creating a justice tension within decarbonization."}}]},{"id":"levenda2021a#2","study":"levenda2021a","text":"Our review finds that there are ten common renewable energy technologies that have EJ implications documented in the current literature, and that future energy transition policy development needs to ensure these justice concerns are addressed.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_justice","policy"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"policy development needs to ensure these justice concerns are addressed","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so Hypothetical","insight":"addressing justice concerns is framed as a prerequisite for sound energy transition policy."}}]},{"id":"li2020a#1","study":"li2020a","text":"(1) the most recent time-varying feed-in tariffs (TV FiTs) which offer the innate potential to alter consumer attitudes toward power usage at peak times, thereby improving grid security;","zone":"Result","obs":"Consumer attitudes are claimed by the review, not directly measured.","b":[{"path":["economic_incentive","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: time-varying feed-in tariffs; peak-time power usage","note":{"evidence":"offer the innate potential to alter consumer attitudes toward power usage at peak times","reading":"tariffs are said to change attitudes, direction unspecified","insight":"price-based incentives are framed as levers for shifting consumer attitudes and behaviour."}}]},{"id":"li2020a#2","study":"li2020a","text":"and (4) the use of Public Private Partnerships (PPP) for developing renewable energy generation infrastructure and how this investment may facilitate the national transition to renewable energy adoption.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_private_cooperation","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"this investment may facilitate the national transition","reading":"hedged ('may facilitate') interpretation of the review's findings, so Affirmed","insight":"partnership-based investment is presented as supporting the national transition."}}]},{"id":"li2023#1","study":"li2023","text":"However, numerous case studies from different countries have found that accelerating the transition to net-zero carbon emissions is easily hampered by the lack of a coherent systems framework, and that implementation gaps remain at the community level.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Findings attributed to prior case studies from different countries.","b":[{"path":["policy_framework","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"hampered by the lack of a coherent systems framework","reading":"lack of framework coded as the framework's own enabling relation, deficit noted","insight":"absence of coherent systems frameworks slows net-zero transition efforts."}}]},{"id":"li2023#2","study":"li2023","text":"These barriers are often due to a lack of an adequate end-user (i.e., household) input and early planning participation.","zone":"Gap","obs":"The referent 'barriers' is the transition hampering and community-level implementation gaps from the previous sentence.","b":[{"path":["participation","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"phase: early planning","note":{"evidence":"lack of an adequate end-user (i.e., household) input and early planning participation","reading":"lack of participation is the cause of barriers, coded via participation's own relation","insight":"missing early household participation underlies implementation barriers."}}]},{"id":"li2023#3","study":"li2023","text":"Ultimately, the outcomes provide application support for policymakers and planners and stimulate community engagement to contribute to the achievement of zero net carbon emissions.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["community_engagement","emissions"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"stimulate community engagement to contribute to the achievement of zero net carbon emissions","reading":"expected contribution, not tested","insight":"community engagement is positioned as a route to emission reduction."}}]},{"id":"lienert2015#1","study":"lienert2015","text":"Drawing on the importance of benefit perception and affective responses for the acceptance of technologies, the present study investigated whether the perception of HVPLs changes when they are seen as a necessary measure for the successful energy transition.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Perception of HVPLs is mapped to risk_perception as the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["energy_transition","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"whether the perception of HVPLs changes when they are seen as a necessary measure for the successful energy transition","reading":"framing HVPLs as necessary for the energy transition is tested for effects on perception","insight":"acceptance of grid infrastructure may depend on how it is framed relative to broader goals."}}]},{"id":"lienert2015#2","study":"lienert2015","text":"The results show that HVPLs are associated with more positive feelings, higher perceived benefit, lower perceived risk, and higher general and local acceptance when they are linked to the energy transition.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_transition","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: HVPLs linked to the energy transition","note":{"evidence":"higher general and local acceptance when they are linked to the energy transition","reading":"linking HVPLs to the energy transition raises acceptance","insight":"framing grid expansion as part of the energy transition increases acceptance."}},{"path":["energy_transition","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: HVPLs linked to the energy transition","note":{"evidence":"lower perceived risk","reading":"the energy transition link lowers perceived risk","insight":"the transition framing reduces perceived risk of grid infrastructure."}}]},{"id":"lienert2015#3","study":"lienert2015","text":"Furthermore, the results underline the effect of visual impacts on the acceptance of HVPLs.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["visual_impact","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the effect of visual impacts on the acceptance of HVPLs","reading":"sign inferred from the following sentence, where less visually disruptive changes are more accepted","insight":"visual disruption lowers acceptance of grid infrastructure."}}]},{"id":"lienert2015#4","study":"lienert2015","text":"Finally, the findings emphasize the importance of affective response for the acceptance of HVPLs, especially for local acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":"Affective response is coded as attitude, the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["attitude","community_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: local acceptance","note":{"evidence":"importance of affective response for the acceptance of HVPLs, especially for local acceptance","reading":"affective response matters most for local acceptance","insight":"emotions weigh more heavily in local acceptance of grid infrastructure."}}]},{"id":"lienert2018#1","study":"lienert2018","text":"However, grid expansion projects often confront social acceptance issues.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","social_acceptance"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"grid expansion projects often confront social acceptance issues","reading":"weak fit, acceptance problems framed as obstacle","insight":"grid expansion meets acceptance problems."}}]},{"id":"lienert2018#2","study":"lienert2018","text":"Given the importance of visual and health impacts on public acceptance of HVPLs, the present study investigates whether providing people with relevant information on these aspects of undergrounding influences people's perception.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Health impacts are not mapped to a separate concept.","b":[{"path":["communication","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"whether providing people with relevant information ... influences people's perception","reading":"investigated question","insight":"information about drawbacks may reshape perception of underground lines."}},{"path":["visual_impact","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"importance of visual and health impacts on public acceptance","reading":"presented as established importance","insight":"visual and health impacts matter for acceptance."}}]},{"id":"lienert2018#3","study":"lienert2018","text":"The results show that, after receiving this information, participants viewed underground HVPLs with lower acceptance, lower perceived benefits, higher perceived risks, and less positive feelings.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: underground HVPLs","note":{"evidence":"after receiving this information, participants viewed underground HVPLs with lower acceptance","reading":"information lowered acceptance","insight":"information on drawbacks erodes acceptance of undergrounding."}},{"path":["communication","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: underground HVPLs","note":{"evidence":"higher perceived risks","reading":"information increased perceived risk","insight":"information heightens risk perception."}}]},{"id":"lienert2018#4","study":"lienert2018","text":"Although public acceptance remained higher for underground HVPLs compared with overhead HVPLs, our study reveals that information provision reduces perceived differences between the two technologies.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: underground versus overhead HVPLs","note":{"evidence":"information provision reduces perceived differences","reading":"information narrows the advantage of undergrounding","insight":"information erodes but does not remove undergrounding preference."}}]},{"id":"lienert2018#5","study":"lienert2018","text":"Furthermore, our results show that affective reactions to underground HVPLs have an indirect effect on public acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":"Affective reactions mapped to attitude.","b":[{"path":["attitude","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: indirect effect","note":{"evidence":"affective reactions ... have an indirect effect on public acceptance","reading":"affect is mapped to attitude","insight":"feelings shape acceptance indirectly."}}]},{"id":"lienert2018#6","study":"lienert2018","text":"We conclude that providing people with relevant information on possible drawbacks related to undergrounding is a necessary precondition for informed decision-making in the context of grid expansions.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","participation"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"necessary precondition for informed decision-making","reading":"prerequisite wording gives ENABLES; informed decision-making mapped to participation","insight":"transparency about drawbacks is required for informed decisions."}}]},{"id":"lilley2015#1","study":"lilley2015","text":"Concern exists about the potential environmental impacts of SWAC, particularly with regard to reef damage and algae production.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concern is attributed to survey respondents. SWAC is mapped to blue_energy_plant.","b":[{"path":["blue_energy_plant","environmental_impact"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: reef damage and algae production","note":{"evidence":"Concern exists about the potential environmental impacts of SWAC","reading":"residents voice concern about a potential effect, so hypothetical","insight":"acceptance coexists with worry about ecological side effects."}}]},{"id":"lilley2015#2","study":"lilley2015","text":"Logistic regression analysis shows no significant difference in the likelihood of a person supporting SWAC due to their sex or level of education; although age, political affiliation, and locality do affect the likelihood of support.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["gender","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"no significant difference ... due to their sex","reading":"non-significance, so inconclusive","insight":"gender does not differentiate support for SWAC."}},{"path":["education_training","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"no significant difference ... level of education","reading":"non-significance","insight":"education does not differentiate support."}},{"path":["political_partisanship","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"political affiliation ... do affect the likelihood of support","reading":"effect found without direction","insight":"political identity shapes support."}}]},{"id":"lilley2015#3","study":"lilley2015","text":"Those who see tourism as very important to Hawai'i and think SWAC will benefit the tourism industry are more likely to support, along with those who have a very positive opinion of renewable energy, and those who are familiar with the technology.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["tourism","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: those seeing tourism as very important and expecting SWAC to benefit it","note":{"evidence":"are more likely to support","reading":"positive association","insight":"perceived economic benefit to tourism drives support."}},{"path":["attitude","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: very positive opinion of renewable energy","note":{"evidence":"very positive opinion of renewable energy","reading":"positive attitude raises support","insight":"general pro-renewable attitudes transfer to SWAC."}},{"path":["technology_knowledge","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"familiar with the technology","reading":"familiarity raises support","insight":"familiarity goes with greater support."}}]},{"id":"lilley2015#4","study":"lilley2015","text":"In contrast, high-income O'ahu residents are less likely to support SWAC.","zone":"Result","obs":"Income has no exact existing concept; economic_value is an approximation.","b":[{"path":["economic_value","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"subgroup: high-income residents","note":{"evidence":"high-income O'ahu residents are less likely to support","reading":"income is the factor, mapped loosely","insight":"wealthier residents are less supportive."}}]},{"id":"lindsay1998#1","study":"lindsay1998","text":"The concerns at three sites, Massachusetts Bay, Empire Knight, and Gulf of Farallones are primarily being driven by concern over public perception regarding risk to human health and/or the marine ecosystem.","zone":"Result","obs":"The outcome 'concerns at sites' is mapped to the existing concept conflict as the closest fit.","b":[{"path":["risk_perception","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: Massachusetts Bay, Empire Knight and Gulf of Farallones sites","note":{"evidence":"primarily being driven by concern over public perception regarding risk","reading":"public risk perception is stated as the driver of regulatory concern, coded as influence on conflict (concern at sites)","insight":"public risk perception, more than measured hazard, can drive regulatory attention to sites."}}]},{"id":"lindsay1998#2","study":"lindsay1998","text":"However, the high cost of advanced technologies and logistics for offshore investigations, aggravated by reduced agency budgets for research and response is limiting technological access, data acquisition and site investigation closure.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["cost","technology_choice"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"high cost of advanced technologies and logistics ... is limiting technological access","reading":"cost is stated as limiting access to technologies","insight":"high costs and budget cuts restrict use of advanced technologies for offshore site investigation."}},{"path":["funding","technology_choice"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"aggravated by reduced agency budgets","reading":"reduced budgets aggravate the cost limit on access","insight":"shrinking agency funding compounds technological access barriers."}}]},{"id":"linnerud2022#1","study":"linnerud2022","text":"We examine how the general public's acceptance of wind energy will be affected by a political shift in focus from onshore to nearshore or offshore locations, from local or national dominance of ownership to international dominance, and from meeting local or national needs to meeting international ones.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: shift from onshore to nearshore or offshore","note":{"evidence":"how the general public's acceptance of wind energy will be affected","reading":"aim asks about effect of location shift","insight":"siting is treated as a determinant of public acceptance."}},{"path":["property_ownership","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: shift from local or national to international ownership","note":{"evidence":"from local or national dominance of ownership to international dominance","reading":"ownership shift examined as an influence","insight":"who owns projects may shape acceptance."}}]},{"id":"linnerud2022#2","study":"linnerud2022","text":"We show that, although respondents prefer offshore and nearshore locations to onshore ones, they are even more concerned with maintaining local or national control both through ownership and intended use of the added electricity.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: offshore and nearshore preferred over onshore","note":{"evidence":"respondents prefer offshore and nearshore locations to onshore ones","reading":"stated preference result","insight":"siting away from land is preferred, yet outweighed by control concerns."}},{"path":["property_ownership","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: local or national control through ownership","note":{"evidence":"even more concerned with maintaining local or national control","reading":"control concern stronger than location preference","insight":"national control matters more than siting."}}]},{"id":"linnerud2022#3","study":"linnerud2022","text":"Although the preferences for national ownership are strong for both nearshore and offshore alternatives, the preference for meeting national needs becomes less important when wind energy developments are located farther off the coast.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"moderator: distance off the coast; setting: preference for meeting national needs","note":{"evidence":"becomes less important when wind energy developments are located farther off the coast","reading":"distance moderates the importance of national use","insight":"national-use concerns weaken with offshore distance while ownership preference stays strong."}}]},{"id":"linnerud2022#4","study":"linnerud2022","text":"We also discuss how a shift to nearshore and offshore wind energy can be enabled by paying greater attention to people's concerns over national control of wind energy resources.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["stakeholder_perspective","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: concerns over national control of wind energy resources","note":{"evidence":"can be enabled by paying greater attention to people's concerns","reading":"proposed prerequisite for shift to offshore","insight":"addressing control concerns could make offshore deployment possible."}}]},{"id":"linzenich2018#1","study":"linzenich2018","text":"Success of the German energy transition towards renewables relies not only on technical and economic factors, but also on the public acceptance of the required energy infrastructure, e.g., wind power plants and power lines.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"relies not only on technical and economic factors, but also on the public acceptance","reading":"reliance wording signals a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"acceptance of infrastructure is a necessary social condition for transition success alongside technical and economic factors."}}]},{"id":"linzenich2018#2","study":"linzenich2018","text":"General acceptance of wind power plants and electricity pylons was affected by trust, with trust in technology playing a more important role than trust in stakeholders.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["trust","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: general acceptance; moderator: trust in technology stronger than trust in stakeholders","note":{"evidence":"General acceptance ... was affected by trust","reading":"finding stated as an effect; sign Positive assumed from context","insight":"trust in the technology matters more than trust in stakeholders for general acceptance."}}]},{"id":"linzenich2018#3","study":"linzenich2018","text":"Local acceptance was directly influenced by general acceptance and perceived fairness.","zone":"Result","obs":"Perceived fairness of project planning is mapped to procedural_justice.","b":[{"path":["acceptance","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: general acceptance influencing local acceptance","note":{"evidence":"Local acceptance was directly influenced by general acceptance","reading":"direct effect","insight":"general attitudes carry over into local acceptance of specific projects."}},{"path":["procedural_justice","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: local acceptance; perceived fairness of project planning","note":{"evidence":"directly influenced by ... perceived fairness","reading":"direct effect on local acceptance","insight":"fair planning processes matter directly at the local level."}}]},{"id":"linzenich2018#4","study":"linzenich2018","text":"Trust indirectly affected local acceptance through general acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["trust","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: local acceptance; mediator: general acceptance","note":{"evidence":"Trust indirectly affected local acceptance through general acceptance","reading":"mediated effect","insight":"trust shapes local acceptance only via general acceptance, not directly.","mechanism":"mediated through general acceptance."}}]},{"id":"lisiak-zielinska2023#1","study":"lisiak-zielinska2023","text":"The surveyed people also negatively perceived landscapes with biogas plants.","zone":"Result","obs":"Landscape perception is mapped onto visual_impact and attitude.","b":[{"path":["visual_impact","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"negatively perceived landscapes with biogas plants","reading":"respondents' perception of landscapes with biogas plants is negative","insight":"landscape presence of biogas plants is viewed unfavourably by the public."}}]},{"id":"lisiak-zielinska2023#2","study":"lisiak-zielinska2023","text":"However, the visual assessment for operating a biogas plant indicated no negative impact on the landscape.","zone":"Result","obs":"The biogas plant is represented with the nearest existing concept, blue_energy_plant.","b":[{"path":["blue_energy_plant","landscape_value"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: operating biogas plant in rural landscape, expert visual assessment","note":{"evidence":"no negative impact on the landscape","reading":"the expert assessment found no negative landscape effect","insight":"perceived landscape harm in surveys diverges from the assessed visual impact of an operating plant."}}]},{"id":"liu2017#1","study":"liu2017","text":"Top factors contributing to market share variability are price sensitivities, energy cost, range limitation, and charging availability.","zone":"Result","obs":"Market share is treated as a proxy for market acceptance of PEVs; range limitation is mapped here to infrastructure_distance only loosely, as an approximation.","b":[{"path":["energy_cost","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Top factors contributing to market share variability are price sensitivities, energy cost, range limitation, and charging availability","reading":"energy cost is named as a top contributor to market share variability, with no direction given","insight":"economic factors drive uncertainty in PEV market acceptance","mechanism":"not stated."}},{"path":["infrastructure_distance","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"range limitation, and charging availability","reading":"charging availability is listed as a top contributor to variability in market share","insight":"infrastructure availability shapes how widely PEVs are taken up."}}]},{"id":"liu2017#2","study":"liu2017","text":"Continued improvement of battery technologies and deployment of charging infrastructure alone do not necessarily reduce the spread of market share distributions, but may shift distributions toward right, i.e., increase the probability of having great market success.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"alone, without other measures","note":{"evidence":"may shift distributions toward right, i.e., increase the probability of having great market success","reading":"hedged finding from simulation, so affirmed with the hedge kept","insight":"technology improvement raises the odds of success without reducing market uncertainty."}}]},{"id":"loehr2022#1","study":"loehr2022","text":"Hydrogen is often considered a ``missing link'' in guaranteeing the energy transition, providing storage, and covering the volatility and intermittency of renewable energy generation.","zone":"Background","obs":"Hydrogen is mapped to the existing concept hydrogen_production, the closest available concept.","b":[{"path":["hydrogen_production","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"missing link\" in guaranteeing the energy transition","reading":"hydrogen is framed as a prerequisite for the transition, so ENABLES","insight":"hydrogen is seen as essential to the transition, which raises the stakes of its social acceptability."}}]},{"id":"loehr2022#2","study":"loehr2022","text":"However, due to potential injustice with regard to the distribution of risks, benefits, and costs (i.e., in regard to competing for land use), the large-scale deployment of hydrogen is a contested policy issue.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["benefit_distribution","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"potential injustice with regard to the distribution of risks, benefits, and costs","reading":"the claim is that distributional injustice makes deployment contested, so the effect is negative","insight":"perceived distributional injustice, including competition for land use, turns hydrogen deployment into a contested issue.\""}}]},{"id":"loehr2022#3","study":"loehr2022","text":"We perform a systematic literature review to identify relevant conflict factors that can influence the outcome of hydrogen energy transition projects in selected Economic Community of West African States countries, namely Nigeria and Mali.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["conflict","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"conflict factors that can influence the outcome of hydrogen energy transition projects","reading":"the study examines whether conflict affects project outcomes, with no direction stated","insight":"conflict is treated as a determinant of whether hydrogen projects succeed."}}]},{"id":"loehr2022#4","study":"loehr2022","text":"To better address potential challenges, policymakers must not only facilitate technology development, access, and market structures for hydrogen energy policies but also focus on energy access to affected communities.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"The excerpt does not name policy_success. The target is approximated as the success of hydrogen energy policies.","b":[{"path":["electricity_access","policy_success"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"must not only facilitate ... but also focus on energy access to affected communities","reading":"a prescription stating what is needed, so Hypothetical","insight":"addressing hydrogen challenges is presented as requiring energy access for affected communities, not only technology and markets."}}]},{"id":"loia2022#1","study":"loia2022","text":"The alternative use of the offshore platforms, including tourism initiatives, aquaculture, alternative energy generation, hydrogen storage and environmental research, could improve the resilience of communities by offering the development of new jobs and the growth of local and innovative green businesses.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Concept 'deployment' stands in for alternative platform use; 'economic_advantage' for community resilience via jobs and businesses.","b":[{"path":["deployment","economic_advantage"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: alternative use of decommissioned platforms","note":{"evidence":"could improve the resilience of communities","reading":"hedged 'could' makes this a prediction, causal wording","insight":"repurposing platforms is framed as a source of local economic benefit","mechanism":"new jobs and growth of local green businesses."}}]},{"id":"long2025#1","study":"long2025","text":"Understanding how various forms of capital relate to different manifestations of energy citizenship can shed light on factors that obstruct the transition to renewable energy.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concepts capital and energy_citizenship are new, not in the existing list.","b":[{"path":["capital","energy_citizenship"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how various forms of capital relate to different manifestations of energy citizenship","reading":"association stated without direction, framed as a prospective benefit","insight":"capital-citizenship links are presented as key to understanding transition obstacles."}}]},{"id":"long2025#2","study":"long2025","text":"Therefore, to mitigate these obstacles, we ask how energy citizenship can be stimulated by the forms of capital, which are introduced by Pierre Bourdieu to promote the use and acceptance of renewable energy.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["capital","energy_citizenship"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how energy citizenship can be stimulated by the forms of capital","reading":"research question about stimulation, so an investigated positive influence","insight":"capital is treated as a possible lever for citizenship behaviour."}}]},{"id":"long2025#3","study":"long2025","text":"We examine how people's economic, cultural, and social capital may encourage them to move from more passive participation in energy systems to more active forms.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["capital","participation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: economic, cultural and social capital; moving from passive to active participation","note":{"evidence":"may encourage them to move from more passive participation","reading":"examined encouragement effect, not yet a finding","insight":"capital may shift people from passive to active engagement."}}]},{"id":"lu2018a#1","study":"lu2018a","text":"This framework contains thirteen PEST factors affecting the prefabrication adoption, including policy, supply, labor, social attitude, user acceptance, and so on.","zone":"Result","obs":"Prefabrication adoption is the outcome; the study is on construction rather than an energy technology.","b":[{"path":["policy","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"PEST factors affecting the prefabrication adoption, including policy","reading":"factor affects adoption, direction unstated","insight":"adoption of prefabrication depends on a bundle of political, economic, social and technological factors."}},{"path":["attitude","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"social attitude","reading":"listed as a factor affecting adoption","insight":"social attitude is among the determinants of adoption."}},{"path":["acceptance","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"user acceptance","reading":"listed as a factor affecting adoption","insight":"user acceptance is treated as one determinant of the adoption level."}}]},{"id":"lu2018a#2","study":"lu2018a","text":"These factors in combination will determine the optimal prefabrication adoption level from 0 to 4, which was defined by Gibb 2001 to represent the range from entire cast-in-situ construction to complete prefabricated building, respectively.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concept multi-faceted_dynamics stands for the combined PEST factors.","b":[{"path":["multi-faceted_dynamics","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"joint with: PEST factors acting in combination","note":{"evidence":"These factors in combination will determine the optimal prefabrication adoption level","reading":"combined factors determine the optimal level","insight":"the optimal adoption level emerges from combined PEST conditions, not from any single factor."}}]},{"id":"lyytimaki2018#1","study":"lyytimaki2018","text":"On a niche level, it can spread or screen out information and motivate or discourage actors to adopt new technologies and practices.","zone":"Background","obs":"Media coverage is represented by the concept communication.","b":[{"path":["communication","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: niche level","note":{"evidence":"motivate or discourage actors to adopt new technologies and practices","reading":"media can both promote and discourage adoption, so direction unspecified","insight":"media coverage can push adoption either way depending on what information it spreads or screens out."}}]},{"id":"lyytimaki2018#2","study":"lyytimaki2018","text":"The future of niche-level energy technologies such as biogas can be strongly shaped by information flows, public perceptions and expectations created in part by media coverage.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","expectation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"expectations created in part by media coverage","reading":"media coverage creates expectations","insight":"media shape the expectations on which niche technology futures depend."}},{"path":["expectation","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"future of niche-level energy technologies ... can be strongly shaped by","reading":"hedged with can","insight":"technology futures depend on perceptions and expectations."}}]},{"id":"lyytimaki2018#3","study":"lyytimaki2018","text":"On the other hand, by emphasising the economic unviability of biogas technologies, the analysed newspaper coverage did not promote the adoption of biogas.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: Finnish newspaper coverage of biogas","note":{"evidence":"did not promote the adoption of biogas","reading":"emphasis on unviability works against adoption","insight":"coverage stressing poor profitability undermines uptake despite positive framings."}}]},{"id":"mabon2014#1","study":"mabon2014","text":"This paper challenges the argument often put forward that, due to the greater distances from centres of population, it will be `easier' to garner public and stakeholder support for offshore CO2 storage than onshore.","zone":"Aim","obs":"The argument is attributed to prior claims that the paper challenges.","b":[{"path":["infrastructure_distance","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: offshore versus onshore CO2 storage","note":{"evidence":"greater distances from centres of population","reading":"the paper contests the claim that distance makes support easier, so the relation is negated","insight":"distance from population does not by itself secure public and stakeholder support for storage."}}]},{"id":"mabon2014#2","study":"mabon2014","text":"Whilst existing policy for sub-seabed CO2 storage is cognisant of the need for societal engagement, it may be the case that these regulations may need further reinforcement to ensure future developments are able to address social acceptability issues as fully as possible.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["regulation","social_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"may need further reinforcement to ensure future developments are able to address social acceptability","reading":"a prescription about what regulation may need, hence hypothetical","insight":"existing engagement-aware regulation may be insufficient to secure social acceptability."}}]},{"id":"mah2018#1","study":"mah2018","text":"However, negative consumer responses to both smart meters and new pricing systems indicate that building public acceptance of these transitions is critically important.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"building public acceptance of these transitions is critically important","reading":"acceptance framed as needed for transitions, so ENABLES","insight":"consumer resistance to meters and pricing makes acceptance a precondition for smart grid transitions."}}]},{"id":"mah2018#2","study":"mah2018","text":"Dialogic processes enhanced the participants' ability to understand complex issues and weigh up trade-offs when comparing options.","zone":"Result","obs":"Dialogic processes are treated as deliberative participation.","b":[{"path":["participation","knowledge"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Dialogic processes enhanced the participants' ability to understand complex issues","reading":"reported finding of improved understanding","insight":"deliberation builds the capacity to handle complexity in energy choices."}}]},{"id":"mah2018#3","study":"mah2018","text":"DP appears to enhance participants' acceptance of complex and sophisticated pricing options.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["participation","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"DP appears to enhance participants' acceptance","reading":"hedged 'appears' but a finding, so Affirmed","insight":"deliberation can raise acceptance of complex pricing options."}}]},{"id":"mah2018#4","study":"mah2018","text":"Third, national level contextual differences associated with public distrust and familiarity with market logic may explain the differences in responses between Chinese and Japanese participants.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["trust","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: Chinese versus Japanese participants","note":{"evidence":"may explain the differences in responses","reading":"speculative explanation beyond what was measured, so Hypothetical","insight":"national differences in distrust may shape responses to pricing options."}}]},{"id":"mah2018#5","study":"mah2018","text":"We argue that complex and controversial energy decision-making needs to be supported by deliberative participatory processes to enable citizens to make informed and considered choices.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["participation","preference"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: complex and controversial energy decision-making","note":{"evidence":"needs to be supported by deliberative participatory processes","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so Hypothetical","insight":"informed choices on controversial energy decisions are tied to deliberative participation."}}]},{"id":"martin2019#1","study":"martin2019","text":"Whereas public acceptance is recognized to be of great importance - and even equal to the technology - in the success of energy projects [9], HET' acceptance is questionable.","zone":"Background","obs":"Success of energy projects mapped to the existing concept deployment; claim attributed to prior literature [9].","b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"public acceptance is recognized to be of great importance","reading":"acceptance treated as prerequisite for the success of energy projects, mapped to deployment","insight":"acceptance is seen as decisive for project success, yet its status for hydrogen is uncertain."}}]},{"id":"martin2019#2","study":"martin2019","text":"While the first is techno-centered and aim to push for the use of a technology by modulating deployment conditions, the second is human-centered and has the ambition to shape the technology to the user's future needs and requirements.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: acceptance-based (techno-centered) approach","note":{"evidence":"push for the use of a technology by modulating deployment conditions","reading":"the acceptance-based approach modulates deployment conditions to drive technology use","insight":"acceptance approaches adapt conditions around the technology rather than the technology to users."}}]},{"id":"martin2020#1","study":"martin2020","text":"Indeed, users play an important role in the success of energy systems: they may not accept it, they may not use it as intended.","zone":"Background","obs":"The referent 'users' is coded with the existing concept citizens.","b":[{"path":["citizens","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"they may not accept it, they may not use it as intended","reading":"users' possible non-acceptance is a potential effect on system success, hedged with may","insight":"user acceptance is framed as a condition for the success of energy systems."}}]},{"id":"martin2020#2","study":"martin2020","text":"Our results indicate that final users are mostly perceived as a barrier to the deployment of Hydrogen Energy Systems, or as a parameter to be assessed rather than as a resource for the design.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["citizens","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"final users are mostly perceived as a barrier to the deployment","reading":"the reviewed literature treats users as a limiter of deployment","insight":"research mostly frames users as obstacles rather than design resources."}}]},{"id":"martinez-gordon2022#1","study":"martinez-gordon2022","text":"Allowing offshore interconnectors (e.g. meshed offshore grid between the Netherlands, Germany and the United Kingdom) permits to integrate larger amounts of offshore wind (122 GW to 191 GW of additional capacity compared to reference scenarios), while substantially increasing the cross-border interconnection capacities (up to 120 GW).","zone":"Result","obs":"Modelling result, not an empirical acceptance finding; the concept infrastructure_distance is a loose proxy for offshore interconnection.","b":[{"path":["infrastructure_distance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: offshore interconnectors and meshed offshore grid scenarios","note":{"evidence":"Allowing offshore interconnectors ... permits to integrate larger amounts of offshore wind","reading":"interconnectors make larger offshore wind integration possible in the model","insight":"grid infrastructure choices determine how much offshore wind can be deployed; concept mapped loosely from interconnection."}}]},{"id":"martinez2020#1","study":"martinez2020","text":"Social opposition to renewable energy (RE) projects has become a significant issue both for the deployment of RE technologies and the social justice of this process.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["conflict","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Social opposition to renewable energy (RE) projects has become a significant issue","reading":"opposition framed as a problem for deployment","insight":"opposition is a deployment problem and also a justice concern."}}]},{"id":"martinez2020#2","study":"martinez2020","text":"Yet, its effectiveness is constrained by diverse issues related to its institutional and regulatory design, government implementation, practices of companies and consultants, and restricted social involvement.","zone":"Result","obs":"Its refers to the SIA; the diverse issues are grouped under institutional barriers.","b":[{"path":["institutional_barrier","policy_success"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: SIA institutional and regulatory design, government implementation, company and consultant practices, restricted social involvement","note":{"evidence":"its effectiveness is constrained by diverse issues","reading":"several institutional factors limit SIA effectiveness","insight":"SIA effectiveness is limited by institutional design and implementation rather than by the instrument alone."}}]},{"id":"martinez2020#3","study":"martinez2020","text":"Moreover, the sector's socio-technical arrangement (priorities, organization, experience, and policies) strongly influences the performance of SIAs and accounts for the lack of consideration of social aspects in project design and planning.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["sociotechnical_approach","policy_success"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"strongly influences the performance of SIAs","reading":"direction of effect not stated","insight":"the sector's socio-technical arrangement shapes how well SIAs perform."}}]},{"id":"martinez2020#4","study":"martinez2020","text":"We argue that without a substantial internalization of the social dimension in the priorities, policy, and planning of RE, the SIA would be limited to a problem-fixing role, which would constrain the effective management of social impacts.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_criteria","policy_success"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"without a substantial internalization of the social dimension","reading":"internalization of the social dimension presented as a prerequisite for effective SIA","insight":"SIA is limited to a fixing role unless social concerns are built into RE priorities and planning."}}]},{"id":"martinez2024#1","study":"martinez2024","text":"The results show that electricity needs are greater in the 11 states where levels of marginalization are highest.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["marginalization","energy_demand"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"electricity needs are greater in the 11 states where levels of marginalization are highest","reading":"association reported as a finding, read as marginalization raising electricity needs","insight":"energy needs are concentrated where marginalization is highest, linking deployment to equity."}}]},{"id":"martinez2024#2","study":"martinez2024","text":"However, because Mexico is home to significant natural coastal ecosystems and protected species, care is necessary to produce electricity while protecting Mexico's megadiversity.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Environmental_impact stands for the concern about protecting ecosystems and species.","b":[{"path":["environmental_impact","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"care is necessary to produce electricity while protecting Mexico's megadiversity","reading":"a requirement, hence hypothetical","insight":"ecological richness limits how freely marine energy can be produced."}}]},{"id":"martinez2024#3","study":"martinez2024","text":"Social perception of the use of MRE is variable: the inhabitants of some locations are willing to accept the new technologies, whereas those in others are not.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: inhabitants of different locations","note":{"evidence":"inhabitants of some locations are willing to accept the new technologies, whereas those in others are not","reading":"acceptance varies by location, direction unspecified","insight":"acceptance is locally differentiated, so national feasibility does not imply uniform support."}}]},{"id":"martinez2024#4","study":"martinez2024","text":"MRE production in Mexico is feasible but will face environmental and social issues that must be addressed before deploying new devices in the oceans.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["environmental_impact","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will face environmental and social issues that must be addressed before deploying","reading":"a future requirement, hypothetical","insight":"feasibility is conditional on resolving environmental and social issues before deployment."}},{"path":["social_barrier","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will face environmental and social issues that must be addressed before deploying","reading":"a future requirement, hypothetical","insight":"feasibility is conditional on resolving environmental and social issues before deployment."}}]},{"id":"martirano2022#1","study":"martirano2022","text":"The increasing digitalization empowers several key opportunities for consumers' involvement and engagement in modern peer-to-peer interactive energy communities.","zone":"Background","obs":"Digitalization is mapped to technological_advancement.","b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","community_engagement"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"digitalization empowers several key opportunities for consumers' involvement and engagement","reading":"digitalization is stated to make engagement possible","insight":"digital tools open routes for consumer engagement in energy communities."}}]},{"id":"martirano2022#2","study":"martirano2022","text":"This paper explores the potential of a recently proposed power-sharing model suitable for building-scale energy communities and blockchain-based management to foster democratic perceptions and social acceptance in non-trusting end-users.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Blockchain-based management and the power-sharing model are mapped to technological_advancement.","b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Positive","cond":"population: non-trusting end-users","note":{"evidence":"to foster democratic perceptions and social acceptance in non-trusting end-users","reading":"the study examines whether the power-sharing model and blockchain management foster acceptance","insight":"acceptance is pursued through technical design addressing lack of trust."}}]},{"id":"mayer2019#1","study":"mayer2019","text":"In this paper, we examine how natural resource dependence, local economic conditions, and perceived economic benefits relate to support for restrictive oil and gas regulations in Colorado, US.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Concept economic_dependence and local_economic_conditions are new concepts for natural resource dependence and local economic conditions.","b":[{"path":["economic_dependence","policy_support"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how natural resource dependence ... relate to support for restrictive oil and gas regulations","reading":"investigated association, no answer proposed","insight":"dependence on resource extraction is a candidate driver of regulatory support."}},{"path":["local_economic_conditions","policy_support"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"local economic conditions ... relate to support","reading":"investigated association","insight":"local economic context is tested as a driver of regulatory support."}},{"path":["economic_advantage","policy_support"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"perceived economic benefits ... relate to support","reading":"investigated association","insight":"perceived benefits are tested as a driver of regulatory support."}}]},{"id":"mayer2019#2","study":"mayer2019","text":"Using representative survey data, our results suggest that perceived benefits, especially in the form of tax revenue, predict oil and gas policy preferences, while local and personal economic circumstances have little impact.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["economic_advantage","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: benefits in the form of tax revenue especially","note":{"evidence":"perceived benefits, especially in the form of tax revenue, predict oil and gas policy preferences","reading":"predictive wording, direction not stated, hedged with suggest","insight":"perceived benefits, notably tax revenue, matter more than actual circumstances."}},{"path":["local_economic_conditions","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: local and personal economic circumstances","note":{"evidence":"local and personal economic circumstances have little impact","reading":"little impact, weak or absent effect rather than explicit absence","insight":"objective economic circumstances weakly shape regulatory preferences compared with perceived benefits."}}]},{"id":"mccauley2019a#1","study":"mccauley2019a","text":"The transition must take into consideration questions of energy justice to ensure that policies, plans and programmes guarantee fair and equitable access to resources and technologies.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_justice","equitable_access"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"must take into consideration questions of energy justice to ensure","reading":"prescriptive wording makes energy justice a prerequisite for equitable access, so ENABLES and Hypothetical","insight":"a just transition is framed as depending on justice considerations in policy design."}}]},{"id":"mccauley2019a#2","study":"mccauley2019a","text":"There is constant innovation taking place in enabling the transition with new structures, processes and metrics being introduced to guide decision-making and a more holistic view of the community emerging where acceptance, mobilisation and empowerment are opening possibilities for a just transition to a low carbon energy system.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Acceptance is listed together with mobilisation and empowerment; only acceptance is coded as it is the acceptance-related concept.","b":[{"path":["acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"acceptance, mobilisation and empowerment are opening possibilities for a just transition","reading":"acceptance is presented as making a just transition possible, facilitation rather than strict necessity","insight":"community acceptance is treated as part of a broader justice-oriented view, alongside mobilisation and empowerment."}}]},{"id":"mclachlan2009#1","study":"mclachlan2009","text":"It is argued that stakeholder responses to renewable energy developments are, in part, related to interpretations of what both the technology and the location or `place' are seen to represent or symbolise.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Concepts are approximated: place interpretations mapped to place_attachment and stakeholder responses to public_acceptance.","b":[{"path":["place_attachment","public_acceptance"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"stakeholder responses to renewable energy developments are, in part, related to interpretations","reading":"associative wording, so RELATES-TO","insight":"responses depend partly on symbolic meanings of technology and place, not just on technical features."}}]},{"id":"mclachlan2009#2","study":"mclachlan2009","text":"These interpretations gave rise to various symbolic logics of opposition and support, some of which are outlined.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["socio-technical_narrative","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"gave rise to various symbolic logics of opposition and support","reading":"causal wording, direction varies","insight":"symbolic interpretations generate both opposition and support rather than a single response."}}]},{"id":"melnyk2025#1","study":"melnyk2025","text":"The development of new technologies, such as offshore wind parks, gives rise to ethical dilemmas.","zone":"Background","obs":"Ethical dilemmas are mapped to the concept conflict.","b":[{"path":["deployment","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"gives rise to ethical dilemmas","reading":"causal wording, so INFLUENCES","insight":"offshore wind development generates value conflicts that can shape how acceptable it is."}}]},{"id":"melnyk2025#2","study":"melnyk2025","text":"Stakeholders observed that the current EU regulations are not adequately addressing these cumulative pressures caused by wind farms, other activities in the North Sea, and the impact of climate change.","zone":"Result","obs":"Attributed to workshop stakeholders.","b":[{"path":["regulation","environmental_impact"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"not adequately addressing these cumulative pressures","reading":"stakeholders report that regulation fails to manage cumulative pressures","insight":"regulatory gaps leave cumulative environmental pressures unmanaged, fuelling stakeholder concern."}}]},{"id":"melnyk2025#3","study":"melnyk2025","text":"Our reflections also highlight the need for adaptive policies and institutions that would better reflect the complexities of cumulative pressures on the North Sea in a more ethically informed manner, accounting for evolving knowledge and values; the moral responsibilities not only of the Netherlands but also of other countries impacting the North Sea; and the long-term sustainability of energy infrastructure development.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","sustainability_criteria"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the need for adaptive policies and institutions","reading":"a prescription, so Hypothetical","insight":"adaptive and ethically informed policy is framed as a prerequisite for sustainable energy infrastructure development."}}]},{"id":"mendrinos2022#1","study":"mendrinos2022","text":"The outcomes of the SEL assessments show which societal requirements have been met in current CCS developments and which ones should be improved for CCS deployment.","zone":"Result","obs":"Societal requirements are mapped to the concept social_criteria.","b":[{"path":["social_criteria","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"which ones should be improved for CCS deployment","reading":"societal requirements are framed as prerequisites for deployment","insight":"deployment depends on meeting societal requirements, which are only partly met in current developments."}}]},{"id":"mendrinos2022#2","study":"mendrinos2022","text":"They also show that monitoring currently is a regulatory requirement as part of permitting procedures, while it may alleviate community concerns on safety, provided that it has certain attributes.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["environmental_monitoring","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Negative","cond":"moderator: monitoring has certain attributes","note":{"evidence":"it may alleviate community concerns on safety, provided that","reading":"hedged with may and conditional","insight":"monitoring eases safety concerns only if it has suitable attributes, so design matters for acceptance."}}]},{"id":"merk2022#1","study":"merk2022","text":"Large-scale deployment of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is part of the pathways for limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees C and yet, negative public perceptions of CCS have challenged the realization of several projects in Europe over the last decade.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concept public_acceptance is used for public perceptions; the sentence is coded as the acceptance-deployment relation.","b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"negative public perceptions of CCS have challenged the realization of several projects","reading":"negative perceptions hinder project realization, so acceptance is treated as a prerequisite","insight":"public acceptance is a bottleneck for CCS deployment despite its climate role."}}]},{"id":"merk2022#2","study":"merk2022","text":"We find that respondents from both countries do not evaluate offshore and onshore storage differently but otherwise we find substantial differences between countries.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: offshore versus onshore storage","note":{"evidence":"do not evaluate offshore and onshore storage differently","reading":"no difference found, treated as non-significance","insight":"offshore versus onshore storage siting does not shift evaluations in either country."}}]},{"id":"merk2022#3","study":"merk2022","text":"Norwegian respondents react to the experimental manipulation: despite an overall more positive attitude toward CCS, they evaluate a project where foreign sourced CO2 is stored in Norway substantially more negatively compared to a project where domestically sourced CO2 is stored in Norway.","zone":"Result","obs":"Nationality of CO2 source is coded under site_location as the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["site_location","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"subgroup: Norwegian respondents; setting: foreign-sourced versus domestic CO2 stored in Norway","note":{"evidence":"foreign sourced CO2 is stored in Norway substantially more negatively","reading":"CO2 import lowers evaluations","insight":"foreign CO2 import erodes support even among a generally positive public."}}]},{"id":"merk2022#4","study":"merk2022","text":"By contrast, German respondents are not affected by the variation of the nationality of emissions or the storage site.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: German respondents","note":{"evidence":"not affected by the variation of the nationality of emissions or the storage site","reading":"explicit absence of effect","insight":"German respondents are insensitive to CO2 origin and storage location."}}]},{"id":"merk2022#5","study":"merk2022","text":"We connect this finding to construal level theory, arguing that Germans are more psychologically distanced from CCS than Norwegians due to differences in general familiarity with CCS and the political support for CCS; this makes them less sensitive to our experimental manipulation.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Familiarity is coded as knowledge.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: Germans versus Norwegians","note":{"evidence":"due to differences in general familiarity with CCS and the political support for CCS","reading":"speculative explanation of the country difference through psychological distance","insight":"familiarity and political support may determine sensitivity of public reactions to CCS siting."}}]},{"id":"merk2022#6","study":"merk2022","text":"The uncovered decrease in public support for CCS when CO2 is exported from Germany to Norway challenges the feasibility of the current plans of Northern European states for a CO2 transport and storage infrastructure.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_support","feasibility"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: CO2 export from Germany to Norway","note":{"evidence":"decrease in public support ... challenges the feasibility","reading":"reduced support undermines feasibility of cross-border CO2 infrastructure","insight":"cross-border CO2 transport risks losing the public support it needs."}}]},{"id":"mey2023#1","study":"mey2023","text":"Public acceptance is central to the success of a transition agenda but with the increasing uptake of renewable energy technology, achieving and sustaining the public legitimacy for accelerating the energy transition is at risk.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Public acceptance is central to the success of a transition agenda","reading":"central wording treated as a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"acceptance is framed as a precondition for transition success, yet sustaining legitimacy is described as at risk."}}]},{"id":"mey2023#2","study":"mey2023","text":"Drawing on the distinction between input and output legitimacy, we query how enabling community participation can enhance the legitimacy of policy instruments.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Legitimacy of policy instruments is mapped to the existing concept policy_support.","b":[{"path":["community_engagement","policy_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how enabling community participation can enhance the legitimacy of policy instruments","reading":"posed as a question, so Investigated","insight":"participation is examined as a route to legitimacy of policy instruments."}}]},{"id":"mey2023#3","study":"mey2023","text":"While input legitimacy remains high in both Germany and Australia, both examples illustrate how policy instruments can lack legitimacy if decision-makers lose sight of or never properly consider the output dimension of legitimacy.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","policy_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: when decision-makers neglect the output dimension of legitimacy","note":{"evidence":"policy instruments can lack legitimacy if decision-makers lose sight of","reading":"the cases illustrate that neglecting output legitimacy undermines legitimacy","insight":"high input legitimacy does not guarantee legitimacy when output considerations are neglected."}}]},{"id":"middelhoff2021#1","study":"middelhoff2021","text":"Cost-efficient dispatchable renewable technologies are critical for enabling the energy transition towards 100% renewable generation.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technology_performance","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"critical for enabling the energy transition","reading":"stated as a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"cost-efficient dispatchable technologies are framed as a precondition for the transition; the concept is mapped loosely to technology_performance."}}]},{"id":"middelhoff2021#2","study":"middelhoff2021","text":"Considering the economic feasibility, assuming an internal rate of return (IRR) of 11%, viable deployment requires an electricity price of AU 120-350/MWh.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["pricing","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: assuming an internal rate of return of 11%","note":{"evidence":"viable deployment requires an electricity price","reading":"requirement wording gives a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"deployment viability depends on reaching a threshold electricity price."}}]},{"id":"mirza2024#1","study":"mirza2024","text":"A successful and just energy transition is subject to policies that adhere to a multi-dimensional approach to renewable energy development.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"transition is subject to policies","reading":"policy is presented as a prerequisite for a successful and just transition","insight":"transition outcomes are framed as dependent on multi-dimensional policy design."}}]},{"id":"mirza2024#2","study":"mirza2024","text":"To achieve success in renewable energy development, well-thought-out and efficient policies must be implemented.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"policies must be implemented","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so Hypothetical","insight":"effective policy is treated as a necessary precondition for renewable energy development."}}]},{"id":"mirza2024#3","study":"mirza2024","text":"The identified themes and factors will assist to make a policy action decisive, just, and sustainable.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"The identified themes and factors are mapped loosely to policy_framework as the concept for the framework of themes.","b":[{"path":["policy_framework","policy_success"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will assist to make a policy action decisive, just, and sustainable","reading":"expected future contribution, so Hypothetical","insight":"the identified factors are positioned as tools for better policy action."}}]},{"id":"mishra2022#1","study":"mishra2022","text":"While energy digitalization is mainly governed by technological progress, the societal acceptance of such emerging technologies is essential for a successful energy transition.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"societal acceptance of such emerging technologies is essential for a successful energy transition","reading":"essential signals a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"acceptance of digital technologies is framed as a precondition for transition success beyond technological progress."}}]},{"id":"mishra2022#2","study":"mishra2022","text":"The findings indicate that technological challenges constitute the most critical cause barrier that affects other category barriers.","zone":"Result","obs":"Other category barriers are generalized here to social_barrier, since the abstract does not name them in this sentence.","b":[{"path":["technological_barrier","social_barrier"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"technological challenges constitute the most critical cause barrier that affects other category barriers","reading":"causal group in DEMATEL, direction unspecified","insight":"technological barriers drive other barrier categories, so they are a root cause of IoT adoption challenges.\""}}]},{"id":"mishra2023#1","study":"mishra2023","text":"Results indicate that training and subsequent experience in the project and business helped reinforce the entrepreneur's skills.","zone":"Result","obs":"Entrepreneur skills mapped to the existing concept knowledge.","b":[{"path":["education_training","knowledge"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"training and subsequent experience in the project and business helped reinforce the entrepreneur's skills","reading":"skills mapped to knowledge, a positive effect","insight":"training and business experience build the entrepreneurs' capability that underpins local energy provision."}}]},{"id":"mishra2023#2","study":"mishra2023","text":"Repair service and sales of energy products contributed in building trust and awareness in the community, thereby increasing demand for solar and energy-efficient products.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["post_sales_intervention","trust"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Repair service and sales of energy products contributed in building trust","reading":"repair service builds trust","insight":"after-sales service builds community trust, which supports uptake of solar products."}},{"path":["post_sales_intervention","public_awareness"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"building trust and awareness in the community","reading":"repair and sales raise awareness","insight":"local retail presence spreads awareness of solar products."}},{"path":["trust","energy_demand"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"joint with: public_awareness","note":{"evidence":"thereby increasing demand for solar and energy-efficient products","reading":"trust and awareness increase demand","insight":"community trust and awareness translate into demand for solar products."}}]},{"id":"mishra2024#1","study":"mishra2024","text":"The findings suggest that it is crucial to comprehend these factors since users' opinions significantly affect the acceptance and use of renewable technologies.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["attitude","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"users' opinions significantly affect the acceptance and use","reading":"opinions mapped to attitude, INFLUENCES with unspecified direction","insight":"user opinions are a central driver of renewable technology acceptance, so understanding them is essential."}}]},{"id":"mishra2024#2","study":"mishra2024","text":"The study further endorses that technology like digitalization can promote the acceptability of renewable energy sources and, inadvertently, assist managers and policymakers in managing business models and making better decisions for sustainable investments.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: digitalization","note":{"evidence":"digitalization can promote the acceptability of renewable energy sources","reading":"modal 'can' signals a proposed possibility, positive effect","insight":"digital technology is framed as a possible lever for increasing acceptance of renewables."}}]},{"id":"mishrif2024#1","study":"mishrif2024","text":"However, energy transition towards renewables has been slow in developing countries, particularly in the oil-rich Arab Gulf countries.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_transition","deployment"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"energy transition towards renewables has been slow","reading":"weak association","insight":"slow transition in oil-rich contexts is framed as unresolved problem."}}]},{"id":"mishrif2024#2","study":"mishrif2024","text":"The main barriers identified include high installation costs, high maintenance costs, and lack of awareness.","zone":"Result","obs":"Maintenance cost is not coded separately.","b":[{"path":["installation_cost","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"barriers identified include high installation costs","reading":"barrier means constraint on solar use","insight":"upfront cost is a main barrier to solar uptake."}},{"path":["public_awareness","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"lack of awareness","reading":"awareness deficit noted, coded as awareness's own relation","insight":"awareness is a prerequisite for solar uptake."}}]},{"id":"mishrif2024#3","study":"mishrif2024","text":"The potential for growth in solar energy consumption and use depends on the capacity of the government to provide substantial incentives, financial support, improved quality, implement public-private partnership programs, as well as introduce a clear solar energy policy.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["economic_incentive","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"depends on the capacity of the government to provide substantial incentives","reading":"dependency wording gives prerequisite","insight":"growth hinges on government capacity."}},{"path":["public_private_cooperation","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"implement public-private partnership programs","reading":"prerequisite","insight":"partnerships are seen as needed for growth."}},{"path":["policy","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"introduce a clear solar energy policy","reading":"prerequisite","insight":"policy clarity is seen as needed for solar growth."}}]},{"id":"moerkerken2023#1","study":"moerkerken2023","text":"Consistent with the literature, our results indicate that behavioural intentions, the perceived importance of renewable energy, and farmers' innovativeness are the most critical determinants for solar PV adop-tion.","zone":"Result","obs":"Behavioural intentions are mapped to the existing concept expectation and perceived importance to interest, as no closer concept exists.","b":[{"path":["expectation","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"behavioural intentions ... most critical determinants for solar PV adop-tion","reading":"determinant wording from regression results","insight":"adoption is driven by intentions and attitudes, not only by technical factors."}},{"path":["interest","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"perceived importance of renewable energy","reading":"perceived importance is a critical determinant of adoption","insight":"renewable energy salience motivates farmers to adopt solar PV."}}]},{"id":"moerkerken2023#2","study":"moerkerken2023","text":"We argue that a stable long-term policy for renewable energy, as implemented in the Netherlands, creates attractive economic conditions for solar PV adoption.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: stable long-term policy","note":{"evidence":"creates attractive economic conditions for solar PV adoption","reading":"author argument, so Affirmed","insight":"policy stability supports adoption through favourable economics","mechanism":"attractive economic conditions."}}]},{"id":"moerkerken2023#3","study":"moerkerken2023","text":"At the same time, the payback time is a crit-ical factor in shaping farmers' intentions and behaviour.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Payback time is mapped to economic_viability.","b":[{"path":["economic_viability","expectation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"payback time is a crit-ical factor in shaping farmers' intentions","reading":"payback time shapes intentions","insight":"economic return shapes the intention to adopt; shorter payback is the motive stated in the abstract."}}]},{"id":"moglia2022#1","study":"moglia2022","text":"We provide empirical data affecting households' propensity to adopt, including perceptions of solar PV systems, the role of tenure and urban location.","zone":"Result","obs":"The concept perception is not in the project list; it is used here as a new concept.","b":[{"path":["perception","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"empirical data affecting households' propensity to adopt, including perceptions of solar PV systems","reading":"perceptions are named as affecting propensity to adopt, direction unspecified","insight":"household perceptions are an empirical driver of solar PV uptake."}},{"path":["property_ownership","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the role of tenure","reading":"tenure is listed as affecting propensity to adopt, with no direction given","insight":"tenure status shapes household adoption propensity."}},{"path":["site_location","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"urban location","reading":"urban location is listed among factors affecting propensity to adopt, with no direction given","insight":"spatial context matters for solar PV adoption."}}]},{"id":"moglia2022#2","study":"moglia2022","text":"We demonstrate the approach in the context of Melbourne metropolitan region, Australia; and draw on housing approval data to demonstrate the role of housing construction in accelerating adoption.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["plant_construction","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: housing construction","note":{"evidence":"the role of housing construction in accelerating adoption","reading":"housing construction is said to accelerate adoption","insight":"new housing construction speeds residential solar PV uptake."}}]},{"id":"mogrovejo-narvaez2024#1","study":"mogrovejo-narvaez2024","text":"The results highlight barriers such as the high initial cost, government-subsidized tariffs, bureaucratic processes and permits, ineffective regulations, limited awareness, lack of financing, distribution and operational network challenges, and insufficient government incentives.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["installation_cost","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"high initial cost","reading":"named as a barrier to adoption","insight":"upfront cost is a leading barrier to PV microgeneration uptake."}},{"path":["regulation","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"ineffective regulations","reading":"regulatory weakness is listed as a barrier","insight":"regulatory ineffectiveness hinders adoption."}},{"path":["public_awareness","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"limited awareness","reading":"lack of awareness listed as a barrier, coded via awareness's own relation","insight":"awareness is a prerequisite for adoption."}},{"path":["financing","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"lack of financing","reading":"the deficit is noted, coded as financing's relation","insight":"financing availability is needed for adoption."}}]},{"id":"mogrovejo-narvaez2024#2","study":"mogrovejo-narvaez2024","text":"Additionally, the recommendations include the implementation of demonstration and outreach projects to showcase the feasibility and benefits of PV microgeneration, thus improving the social and technical acceptance of these systems.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_education","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: demonstration and outreach projects","note":{"evidence":"thus improving the social and technical acceptance","reading":"a recommendation proposing an effect, not tested","insight":"demonstrating feasibility is expected to raise acceptance."}}]},{"id":"moliner2021#1","study":"moliner2021","text":"Bioenergy can be remarkably competitive, provided that capital costs are relatively low and low-cost biomass is available, as it is the case of Italy.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["capital","economic_viability"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: relatively low capital costs","note":{"evidence":"provided that capital costs are relatively low","reading":"capital cost level is stated as a prerequisite for competitiveness","insight":"bioenergy viability depends on low capital and feedstock costs, which hold in Italy."}},{"path":["cost","economic_viability"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: low-cost biomass availability","note":{"evidence":"low-cost biomass is available","reading":"feedstock cost is a second prerequisite","insight":"competitiveness requires both cheap capital and cheap biomass."}}]},{"id":"moliner2021#2","study":"moliner2021","text":"New applications and markets for sub-products (i.e., char, ash) would help in lowering the still not competitive economic indicators (LCOE).","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Concept economic_value stands for the value of sub-products; economic_viability for the LCOE indicators.","b":[{"path":["economic_value","economic_viability"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: new markets for sub-products such as char and ash","note":{"evidence":"would help in lowering the still not competitive economic indicators","reading":"a prediction, so hypothetical","insight":"valorising by-products is proposed as a route to improve economic competitiveness."}}]},{"id":"moser2017#1","study":"moser2017","text":"However, load-shifting requires the adoption of smart grid and smart metering technologies, which the public often views as a form of surrender to a lack of control and data security issues.","zone":"Background","obs":"Deployment stands for load-shifting programme implementation.","b":[{"path":["adoption","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"load-shifting requires the adoption of smart grid and smart metering technologies","reading":"requirement wording gives prerequisite direction","insight":"load-shifting depends on adopting technologies that the public may distrust."}}]},{"id":"moser2017#2","study":"moser2017","text":"This paper analyses how control over the use of appliances and data security perceptions influence the social acceptance of load-shifting programmes via a social psychological online experiment (N = 250) by taking the example of the dishwasher.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Control over appliances is coded as agency_approval, the closest existing concept; data security perceptions as risk_perception.","b":[{"path":["agency_approval","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how control over the use of appliances ... influence the social acceptance","reading":"investigated effect","insight":"perceived control over appliances is posited as a driver of acceptance of load-shifting."}},{"path":["risk_perception","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"data security perceptions influence the social acceptance","reading":"investigated effect","insight":"data security concerns are treated as a potential driver of acceptance."}}]},{"id":"moser2017#3","study":"moser2017","text":"Results suggest a significant causal influence of the level of control over appliance on the acceptance of a load-shifting programme.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["agency_approval","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"significant causal influence of the level of control over appliance","reading":"experimental finding, hedged with suggest","insight":"control over appliances causally shapes acceptance of load-shifting."}}]},{"id":"moser2017#4","study":"moser2017","text":"In situations where participants perceived a lack of control over their appliance, acceptance levels dropped significantly.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["agency_approval","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: participants perceiving a lack of control","note":{"evidence":"perceived a lack of control ... acceptance levels dropped significantly","reading":"lack of control lowers acceptance, so more control goes with more acceptance","insight":"loss of control sharply reduces acceptance."}}]},{"id":"moser2017#5","study":"moser2017","text":"Regarding data security, experimental manipulation has been unsuccessful; therefore, no valid conclusions can be drawn regarding this factor.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["risk_perception","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"no valid conclusions can be drawn regarding this factor","reading":"failed manipulation leaves effect untested","insight":"the role of data security in acceptance remains unresolved."}}]},{"id":"moser2017#6","study":"moser2017","text":"These results indicate the presence of serious concerns regarding the control of appliances when people are asked to consider a load-shifting programme.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["agency_approval","acceptance"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"serious concerns regarding the control of appliances","reading":"concerns over control limit acceptance","insight":"control concerns are a serious barrier to load-shifting acceptance."}}]},{"id":"mularczyk2022#1","study":"mularczyk2022","text":"The results indicate that intentions are mainly shaped by attitudes towards PV technology and, to a small extent, by the media promotion of this technology.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["attitude","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"intentions are mainly shaped by attitudes towards PV technology","reading":"intention to invest is coded as adoption; attitude is the main driver","insight":"attitude is the dominant route to investment intention."}},{"path":["media_narrative","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"to a small extent, by the media promotion","reading":"media promotion is coded as media_narrative; its effect is weak","insight":"media promotion adds only a small effect on investment intention."}}]},{"id":"mularczyk2022#2","study":"mularczyk2022","text":"On the other hand, the factors shaping attitudes towards prosumer PV technology are environmental, economic, and those related to the perceived ease of use of PV technology.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["environmental_impact","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"factors shaping attitudes ... are environmental","reading":"direction is not stated","insight":"environmental considerations shape attitudes towards prosumer PV."}},{"path":["economic_advantage","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"economic","reading":"economic factors are coded as economic_advantage; direction is unstated","insight":"economic considerations shape attitudes towards prosumer PV."}},{"path":["efficiency_perception","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"perceived ease of use","reading":"perceived ease of use is the closest existing concept; direction is unstated","insight":"perceived usability shapes attitudes."}}]},{"id":"mularczyk2022#3","study":"mularczyk2022","text":"Social factors, in the light of the research conducted, do not influence attitudes towards the technology under study.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Social factors ... do not influence attitudes","reading":"explicit claim of no influence","insight":"social influence does not shape attitudes towards prosumer PV in this sample."}}]},{"id":"musango2024#1","study":"musango2024","text":"There is recognition that technology assessment plays a critical role in the choice of specific pathways to just clean energy transitions.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concept technology_assessment is new, as no existing concept covers it.","b":[{"path":["technology_assessment","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"technology assessment plays a critical role in the choice of specific pathways","reading":"role in pathway choice is influence without stated direction","insight":"technology assessment is seen as shaping which transition pathways are chosen."}}]},{"id":"musango2024#2","study":"musango2024","text":"This, in part, is due to the absence of Africa context tailored technology assessment frameworks.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Policy_framework stands for technology assessment frameworks; the referent is the preceding sentence on poor understanding and institutionalisation of technology assessment.","b":[{"path":["policy_framework","technology_assessment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"absence of Africa context tailored technology assessment frameworks","reading":"framework absence is stated as a cause of poor institutionalisation","insight":"missing context-specific frameworks hinder technology assessment practice."}}]},{"id":"nadarajah2024#1","study":"nadarajah2024","text":"These controversies originate from a loss of public confidence in the decision-making process, lack of information about new technologies, and the desire of some promoters to avoid conflict.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["trust","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"loss of public confidence in the decision-making process","reading":"loss of confidence is stated as an origin of controversy","insight":"eroded public trust in decision-making drives controversy around subsurface projects."}},{"path":["knowledge","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"lack of information about new technologies","reading":"lack of information is coded as knowledge with a negative effect on controversy","insight":"information deficits fuel controversy."}}]},{"id":"nadarajah2024#2","study":"nadarajah2024","text":"The lack of methodologies to structure each stage of the debate can, in this context, lead to the crystallization of the stakeholders' positions and to the failure of the project.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Participation stands for structured debate methodologies.","b":[{"path":["participation","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"lack of methodologies to structure each stage of the debate can ... lead to ... the failure of the project","reading":"structured debate is coded as participation; the lack leads to failure, hedged with 'can'","insight":"unstructured debate hardens positions and can sink projects."}}]},{"id":"nawaz2023#1","study":"nawaz2023","text":"We find that perceived severity and urgency of climate change predicts greater comfort with all NETs studied, and views of marine environments as adaptable, fragile and manageable vary in predicting both greater and lesser comfort.","zone":"Result","obs":"Comfort with NETs is treated as the acceptance outcome; marine environment beliefs are coded as attitude.","b":[{"path":["risk_perception","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"perceived severity and urgency of climate change predicts greater comfort with all NETs studied","reading":"predictive wording, so INFLUENCES","insight":"climate concern goes with openness to marine interventions across all technologies."}},{"path":["attitude","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: views of marine environments as adaptable, fragile or manageable","note":{"evidence":"vary in predicting both greater and lesser comfort","reading":"direction varies by view","insight":"beliefs about the marine environment shape comfort in mixed directions."}}]},{"id":"nawaz2024#1","study":"nawaz2024","text":"We argue that (1) carbon removal's links and associations with extractive industries must be anticipated and that issues of distrust and operational oversight be addressed;","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Concept fossil_fuel_association stands for links with extractive industries.","b":[{"path":["fossil_fuel_association","trust"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"links and associations with extractive industries must be anticipated and that issues of distrust","reading":"association with extractive industries implied to generate distrust; argued, so Hypothetical","insight":"industry associations may undermine trust in carbon removal."}}]},{"id":"nawaz2024#2","study":"nawaz2024","text":"(5) discussions of a just transition for carbon removal must go beyond attention to employment to address questions of infrastructure ownership, monitoring and governance.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["property_ownership","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: just transition for carbon removal","note":{"evidence":"must go beyond attention to employment to address questions of infrastructure ownership","reading":"prescriptive requirement","insight":"a just transition requires addressing ownership and governance, not just jobs."}}]},{"id":"nepal2021#1","study":"nepal2021","text":"We find that carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies will allow the ASEAN to continue to use fossil fuels while achieving sustainable economic growth as coal demand increases in the region.","zone":"Result","obs":"Fossil_based_economy stands for continued fossil fuel use.","b":[{"path":["ccs","fossil_based_economy"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"CCS technologies will allow the ASEAN to continue to use fossil fuels","reading":"ENABLES because CCS is stated to make continued fossil fuel use compatible with growth","insight":"CCS is framed as a bridge letting fossil-fuel dependence persist alongside sustainability goals."}}]},{"id":"nepal2021#2","study":"nepal2021","text":"The deployment of CCS technologies will also act as an enabler of hydrogen energy as a green energy solution in the region in the longer term.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["ccs_deployment","hydrogen_production"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"phase: longer term","note":{"evidence":"act as an enabler of hydrogen energy","reading":"explicit enabler wording, forward-looking claim presented as a finding","insight":"CCS deployment is positioned as a stepping stone toward a hydrogen economy."}}]},{"id":"nepal2021#3","study":"nepal2021","text":"Increasing both the public and private sector energy investments and development of CCS technologies in the longer term are necessary complementary policies to maximize the benefits of greater deployment of renewable energy sources in the region and combat climate change.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["investment","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"phase: longer term","note":{"evidence":"necessary complementary policies to maximize the benefits of greater deployment","reading":"a prescription of necessity, so ENABLES and Hypothetical","insight":"renewable deployment benefits are presented as dependent on sustained public and private investment."}}]},{"id":"neumann2021#1","study":"neumann2021","text":"However, either offshore or onshore wind energy along with some hydrogen storage and transmission network reinforcement appear essential to keep costs within 10% of the optimum.","zone":"Result","obs":"The technology mix (wind, hydrogen storage, transmission reinforcement) is coded under the existing concept technology_choice; the outcome is cost-efficiency of the system. Acceptance is not directly examined.","b":[{"path":["technology_choice","cost"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: keeping costs within 10% of the optimum","note":{"evidence":"appear essential to keep costs within 10% of the optimum","reading":"essential wording implies prerequisite so ENABLES; hedged with 'appear', kept Affirmed as a model finding","insight":"cost-efficiency is only compatible with a narrow set of technology choices despite many diverse near-optimal solutions."}}]},{"id":"neves2025#1","study":"neves2025","text":"Instead, it is strongly dependent on citizen participation.","zone":"Background","obs":"The referent of 'it' is the success of local energy communities; mapped to the existing concept deployment.","b":[{"path":["participation","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"strongly dependent on citizen participation","reading":"dependency wording makes participation the prerequisite","insight":"community success hinges on citizen participation, not only on technology acquisition."}}]},{"id":"neves2025#2","study":"neves2025","text":"Our results highlight the strong impact of sustainable technologies and gamification in citizens' attitudes.","zone":"Result","obs":"Gamification is mapped to social_engagement as the nearest existing concept; sustainable technologies to technology_performance.","b":[{"path":["technology_performance","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: sustainable technologies as stimulus","note":{"evidence":"strong impact of sustainable technologies and gamification in citizens' attitudes","reading":"asserted finding of an effect; direction assumed positive from 'strong impact'","insight":"technological stimuli shape citizens' attitudes, the organism stage of the S-O-R model."}},{"path":["social_engagement","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: gamification as stimulus","note":{"evidence":"gamification in citizens' attitudes","reading":"parallel effect of gamification on attitudes","insight":"gamification, a design feature, can shape citizens' attitudes toward energy communities."}}]},{"id":"neves2025#3","study":"neves2025","text":"Moreover, the research model reveals a strong influence of empowerment and pro-environmental behaviour in the citizen intention to participate in local energy communities.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_citizenship","participation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"strong influence of empowerment","reading":"empowerment is mapped to energy_citizenship; direction assumed positive from 'strong influence'","insight":"empowered citizens are more inclined to participate."}},{"path":["behavioural_change","participation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"pro-environmental behaviour in the citizen intention to participate","reading":"parallel effect on participation intention","insight":"pro-environmental behaviour fosters intention to take part in energy communities."}}]},{"id":"newell2024#1","study":"newell2024","text":"Such rapid and farreaching changes in the adoption of low-carbon technologies, lifestyle changes and labour relations require meaningful public engagement for policy to be both effective and equitable.","zone":"Background","obs":"Policy being both effective and equitable is coded as policy_success.","b":[{"path":["public_engagement","policy_success"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"require meaningful public engagement for policy to be both effective and equitable","reading":"'require' marks a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"engagement is framed as a precondition for policy that is both effective and equitable."}}]},{"id":"nilson2022#1","study":"nilson2022","text":"We find that support for utility scale solar is significantly lower than support for community or rooftop solar.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["plant_size","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"subgroup: utility scale versus community or rooftop solar","note":{"evidence":"support for utility scale solar is significantly lower","reading":"scale of project affects support, lower for utility scale","insight":"generic solar support masks lower backing for large utility-scale projects."}}]},{"id":"nilson2022#2","study":"nilson2022","text":"The survey findings are complemented by fieldwork (interviews, public comments, editorials) which demonstrate that direct experience with utility development in or near one's community helps spur public discourse and the subsequent formation of better developed attitudes towards utility solar.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: direct experience with utility development in or near community","note":{"evidence":"direct experience with utility development","reading":"experience spurs discourse and better developed attitudes","insight":"local exposure to projects shapes more developed attitudes rather than simply more favourable ones."}}]},{"id":"nilson2022#3","study":"nilson2022","text":"Furthermore, many residents categorize utility solar as an industrial activity that would negatively impact the existing rural landscape.","zone":"Result","obs":"Perceived impact attributed to residents; the concept plant_size stands in for utility scale.","b":[{"path":["plant_size","landscape_value"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: utility solar perceived as industrial activity","note":{"evidence":"negatively impact the existing rural landscape","reading":"residents' perceived impact of utility solar on rural landscape","insight":"industrial framing of utility solar drives landscape-based concerns."}}]},{"id":"nitsch2019#1","study":"nitsch2019","text":"Besides climatic conditions, the deployment of wind energy is limited by technical, social, economic, and environmental factors.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_barrier","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the deployment of wind energy is limited by technical, social, economic, and environmental factors","reading":"limitation wording gives CONSTRAINS","insight":"social factors are a recognised limit on wind deployment alongside technical and economic ones."}},{"path":["technological_barrier","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"limited by technical, social, economic, and environmental factors","reading":"parallel limiting factor","insight":"deployment faces multiple concurrent constraints."}},{"path":["financial_barrier","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"limited by technical, social, economic, and environmental factors","reading":"economic factors as limit","insight":"economic limits join other constraints on deployment."}},{"path":["environmental_impact","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"limited by technical, social, economic, and environmental factors","reading":"environmental factors as limit","insight":"environmental considerations restrict where wind can be deployed."}}]},{"id":"nitsch2019#2","study":"nitsch2019","text":"In a sensitivity analysis, we have examined that the availability of potential sites depends mainly on the population density, the human impact on land, prevailing wind speeds, and the height above sea level.","zone":"Result","obs":"Population_density is a new concept; 'human impact on land' is mapped to environmental_impact.","b":[{"path":["population_density","site_feasibility"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"availability of potential sites depends mainly on the population density","reading":"dependency wording gives the dependency first","insight":"settlement density is a key determinant of where wind sites are available."}},{"path":["environmental_impact","site_feasibility"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"depends mainly on ... the human impact on land","reading":"dependency wording","insight":"human impact on land shapes site availability."}}]},{"id":"nitsch2019#3","study":"nitsch2019","text":"Available land area indicated possible overestimation of wind power capacities proposed in the recent studies on the renewable energy transition. Hence, more rigorous consideration of land availability is required for assessments of potential wind power expansion.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_feasibility","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"more rigorous consideration of land availability is required","reading":"requirement for assessing expansion, prescriptive","insight":"land availability is a prerequisite for credible wind expansion potentials."}}]},{"id":"nuortimo2018#1","study":"nuortimo2018","text":"The nature of media image, through either traditional or social media, may have an influence on public acceptance of energy technologies.","zone":"Background","obs":"Media image is coded as media_narrative, the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["media_narrative","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"may have an influence on public acceptance","reading":"hedged claim of influence, direction unspecified","insight":"media image is positioned as a possible shaper of acceptance."}}]},{"id":"nuortimo2018#2","study":"nuortimo2018","text":"The potential impact on decision-making can make media image a factor for technology market deployment, similar to technical, legal, and economic factors.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["media_narrative","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"can make media image a factor for technology market deployment","reading":"potential impact, hedged","insight":"media image is treated like technical, legal and economic factors in deployment."}}]},{"id":"nuortimo2018#3","study":"nuortimo2018","text":"Public acceptance tends to be shaped by how technologies are presented in the media.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["media_narrative","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Public acceptance tends to be shaped by how technologies are presented in the media","reading":"asserted as established tendency","insight":"media presentation frames acceptance."}}]},{"id":"nuortimo2018#4","study":"nuortimo2018","text":"A potential chain from media image to energy technology market deployment is suggested.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["media_narrative","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"A potential chain from media image to energy technology market deployment is suggested","reading":"proposed pathway, not tested","insight":"media image is proposed as upstream of market deployment."}}]},{"id":"nuortimo2018#5","study":"nuortimo2018","text":"The findings support the notion of social media having an increasing role in shaping public opinion, which may need to be acknowledged to a larger extent.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Public opinion is coded as attitude.","b":[{"path":["media_narrative","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: social media","note":{"evidence":"social media having an increasing role in shaping public opinion","reading":"findings said to support the notion","insight":"social media is an increasingly important shaper of opinion."}}]},{"id":"nytte2024c#1","study":"nytte2024c","text":"We find the highest support for developing projects that utilize technology from domestic offshore industries and projects connected to the domestic electricity grid.","zone":"Result","obs":"Chain direction is approximated: project attributes are the factor, support is the outcome.","b":[{"path":["public_support","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: projects using domestic offshore industry technology or connected to the domestic grid","note":{"evidence":"highest support for developing projects that utilize technology from domestic offshore industries","reading":"project attributes raise support","insight":"domestic benefits and industry involvement drive support for floating wind projects."}}]},{"id":"nytte2024c#2","study":"nytte2024c","text":"A significant impact on future technology costs does not lead to increased support for the project.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"does not lead to increased support","reading":"explicit absence of effect","insight":"global cost-reduction benefits do not persuade the public to support projects."}}]},{"id":"nytte2024c#3","study":"nytte2024c","text":"Projects presented after a framing text focusing on meeting future electricity demand result in a higher willingness to pay for floating offshore wind projects than those presented after a framing text focusing on meeting climate objectives.","zone":"Result","obs":"Preference stands for willingness to pay.","b":[{"path":["energy_demand","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: framing text on future electricity demand versus climate objectives","note":{"evidence":"higher willingness to pay","reading":"framing effect","insight":"demand-focused framing yields greater willingness to pay than climate framing."}}]},{"id":"nytte2024c#4","study":"nytte2024c","text":"However, the Norwegians demand clear national benefits to be willing to shoulder the cost of spearheading the floating offshore wind power development.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Preference stands for willingness to bear costs.","b":[{"path":["benefit_distribution","preference"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"demand clear national benefits to be willing to shoulder the cost","reading":"national benefits are a prerequisite","insight":"willingness to bear costs is conditional on visible national benefits."}}]},{"id":"nytte2024d#1","study":"nytte2024d","text":"Inaugurating offshore wind projects will intensify the use of ocean space, heightening competition for resources that could exacerbate conflicts with traditional offshore industries.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: conflicts with traditional offshore industries","note":{"evidence":"could exacerbate conflicts with traditional offshore industries","reading":"predicted effect, hedged with could","insight":"expansion of offshore wind is expected to raise resource competition and conflict with incumbent ocean users."}}]},{"id":"nytte2024d#2","study":"nytte2024d","text":"Explicitly, we investigate whether Norwegians' attitudes towards existing offshore industries affect their acceptance of this new technology.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["attitude","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"investigate whether Norwegians' attitudes towards existing offshore industries affect their acceptance","reading":"research question without answer","insight":"acceptance of new offshore wind may depend on attitudes towards incumbent ocean industries."}}]},{"id":"nytte2024d#3","study":"nytte2024d","text":"The analyses reveal that Norwegians' attitudes towards expanding oil and gas extraction, and aquaculture as well as their sociodemographic characteristics are robust indicators for their acceptance of floating offshore wind.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["attitude","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: attitudes towards oil and gas extraction and aquaculture","note":{"evidence":"robust indicators for their acceptance","reading":"predictive wording, so direction unspecified","insight":"attitudes to other ocean industries predict acceptance of floating wind."}},{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: sociodemographic characteristics","note":{"evidence":"sociodemographic characteristics are robust indicators","reading":"predictive association","insight":"acceptance varies with sociodemographic profile."}}]},{"id":"nytte2024d#4","study":"nytte2024d","text":"Additionally, positive attitudes towards colocating ocean aquaculture and shipping with floating offshore wind increase acceptance for the latter.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["attitude","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: positive attitudes towards colocating aquaculture and shipping with wind","note":{"evidence":"increase acceptance for the latter","reading":"direct positive effect","insight":"favourable views of co-location raise acceptance of floating wind."}}]},{"id":"oh2022#1","study":"oh2022","text":"Based on a survey, the analysis showed that at the variable level, the perceived benefits and trust in renewable energy and perceived risks and benefits in nuclear energy influenced the attitude toward policy support and the intention to pay for energy transition.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["risk_perception","policy_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: perceived risk in nuclear energy","note":{"evidence":"perceived risks and benefits in nuclear energy influenced the attitude toward policy support","reading":"asserted finding, direction not given","insight":"perceptions of the incumbent technology shape support for transition policy."}},{"path":["trust","policy_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: trust in renewable energy","note":{"evidence":"trust in renewable energy ... influenced the attitude toward policy support","reading":"direction unstated","insight":"trust in renewables matters for both attitude and payment."}}]},{"id":"oh2022#2","study":"oh2022","text":"Third, variables such as environmentalism, perceived benefit/risk/trust in renewable energy, and perceived benefit/risk in nuclear energy affected inconsistency between attitude toward policy support and intention to pay for energy transition.","zone":"Result","obs":"Inconsistency is mapped to the existing concept conflict.","b":[{"path":["risk_perception","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: perceived benefit/risk in nuclear and renewable energy","note":{"evidence":"affected inconsistency between attitude toward policy support and intention to pay","reading":"inconsistency is mapped to conflict","insight":"perception factors help explain the attitude-intention gap."}}]},{"id":"olvermann2024#1","study":"olvermann2024","text":"Although the different benefit foci did not reveal significant differences, problem awareness and knowledge were found to predict positive attitudes toward EFC.","zone":"Result","obs":"The benefit focus is represented as communication content.","b":[{"path":["public_awareness","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"problem awareness and knowledge were found to predict positive attitudes toward EFC","reading":"predictive wording, so INFLUENCES positive","insight":"awareness of the underlying problem, rather than benefit framing, is associated with favourable attitudes."}},{"path":["knowledge","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"knowledge were found to predict positive attitudes","reading":"parallel predictor of attitudes","insight":"knowledge contributes to favourable attitudes independently of the benefit focus of the information."}},{"path":["communication","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"moderator: different benefit foci of information","note":{"evidence":"different benefit foci did not reveal significant differences","reading":"non-significance, so Inconclusive","insight":"value-congruent benefit framing did not measurably shift attitudes."}}]},{"id":"olvermann2024#2","study":"olvermann2024","text":"For once, results highlight the need to foster overall problem awareness for fossil fuels to garner public support for various pathways.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_awareness","public_support"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: awareness of problem of fossil fuels","note":{"evidence":"need to foster overall problem awareness for fossil fuels to garner public support","reading":"stated requirement, so ENABLES and Hypothetical","insight":"support for transition pathways depends on a shared understanding of the fossil fuel problem."}}]},{"id":"olvermann2024#3","study":"olvermann2024","text":"Additionally, results underscore the perceived lack of personal affectedness by transition pathways as a barrier to responding to communication strategies, specifically in unfamiliar sectors such as agriculture.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Personal affectedness is mapped to the existing concept personal_and_social_factors.","b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","communication"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: unfamiliar sectors such as agriculture","note":{"evidence":"perceived lack of personal affectedness ... as a barrier to responding to communication strategies","reading":"barrier wording, so CONSTRAINS; the lack of personal affectedness is the limiter","insight":"people who feel unaffected respond less to communication, especially in unfamiliar sectors."}}]},{"id":"osorio2025#1","study":"osorio2025","text":"Exploiting this technology enables the development of the national electrical system, reducing dependence on hydroelectric generation, strengthening the system against climate seasonality by ensuring supply security, environmental sustainability, and equitable energy access.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","energy_security"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"ensuring supply security","reading":"wind exploitation is presented as strengthening the system through supply security","insight":"wind deployment is framed as delivering security benefits, which supports its case."}},{"path":["deployment","equitable_access"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"equitable energy access","reading":"presented as an established benefit of exploiting wind","insight":"equity benefits are part of the argument for wind deployment."}}]},{"id":"osorio2025#2","study":"osorio2025","text":"Favorable alignment of these factors towards wind diffusion could lead to nearly 29 GW of installed capacity by 2050, representing 40% of the projected total capacity of the electricity sector.","zone":"Result","obs":"These factors refer to those named in the previous sentence, including social acceptance.","b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"joint with: political and economic conditions, supply chain development, transmission infrastructure; setting: favorable scenario","note":{"evidence":"Favorable alignment of these factors towards wind diffusion could lead to nearly 29 GW","reading":"factors acting jointly in the favorable scenario; hedged by 'could' as a modelled outcome","insight":"wind deployment depends on joint alignment of social acceptance with other factors."}}]},{"id":"panori2022#1","study":"panori2022","text":"Hence, social acceptance and new path creation can be considered as mutually reinforcing processes that are crucial in energy transition.","zone":"Background","obs":"Mutual reinforcement with path creation is simplified here to the acceptance-transition link.","b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"mutually reinforcing processes that are crucial in energy transition","reading":"acceptance framed as crucial to transition","insight":"acceptance and path creation are positioned as co-dependent drivers of transition."}}]},{"id":"panori2022#2","study":"panori2022","text":"Results indicate that knowledge creation acts as a booster for overall perceptions through awareness and public information, whilst existing knowledge and previous experience can increase the willingness to install agrobiomass heating systems.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["knowledge","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: overall perceptions","note":{"evidence":"knowledge creation acts as a booster for overall perceptions","reading":"asserted finding","insight":"knowledge creation raises acceptance via awareness and information."}},{"path":["public_awareness","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: overall perceptions","note":{"evidence":"through awareness and public information","reading":"stated mechanism of knowledge creation","insight":"awareness is the channel through which knowledge builds acceptance."}},{"path":["knowledge","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: willingness to install; existing knowledge and previous experience","note":{"evidence":"existing knowledge and previous experience can increase the willingness to install","reading":"finding on installation intention","insight":"prior familiarity drives adoption intention."}}]},{"id":"panori2022#3","study":"panori2022","text":"Regarding market formation, social acceptance is empowered by sourcing agrobiomass and technology through local farmers and manufacturers.","zone":"Result","obs":"Local sourcing is coded as local_economic_conditions.","b":[{"path":["local_economic_conditions","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: local sourcing through farmers and manufacturers","note":{"evidence":"empowered by sourcing agrobiomass and technology through local farmers and manufacturers","reading":"local sourcing increases acceptance","insight":"local value chains strengthen acceptance."}}]},{"id":"panori2022#4","study":"panori2022","text":"Cost savings and positive local impacts are significant investment mobilization aspects, whereas agrobiomass initiatives supported by trusted organizations and/or companies act as significant technology legitimation channels for promoting social acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["economic_advantage","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: investment mobilization","note":{"evidence":"Cost savings and positive local impacts are significant investment mobilization aspects","reading":"significant aspects for acceptance","insight":"perceived economic benefits mobilize acceptance."}},{"path":["trust","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: technology legitimation; trusted organizations and companies","note":{"evidence":"supported by trusted organizations and/or companies act as significant technology legitimation channels","reading":"trusted backers legitimate technology","insight":"trusted institutions act as legitimation channels."}}]},{"id":"papadis2020a#1","study":"papadis2020a","text":"In order to limit the effects of climate change, the carbon dioxide emissions associated with the energy sector need to be reduced.","zone":"Background","obs":"The concept climate_change_belief is a loose stand-in for climate change effects.","b":[{"path":["emissions","climate_change_belief"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"limit the effects of climate change","reading":"weak fit, reduction of emissions is needed to limit climate change effects","insight":"emission reduction is framed as a requirement for limiting climate change."}}]},{"id":"papadis2020a#2","study":"papadis2020a","text":"Significant reductions can be achieved by using appropriate technologies and policies.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","emissions"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Significant reductions can be achieved by using appropriate technologies and policies","reading":"policies are stated to reduce emissions","insight":"policy is presented as a lever for emission reductions alongside technologies."}}]},{"id":"papadis2020a#3","study":"papadis2020a","text":"Nevertheless, this process will be very challenging for humanity due to high capital requirements, the competition among energy sectors for decarbonization options, inconsistent environmental policies and public acceptance of changes in energy use.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["capital","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"challenging for humanity due to high capital requirements","reading":"capital requirements are named as a challenge to decarbonization","insight":"financial demands hinder the decarbonization process."}},{"path":["environmental_regulation","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"study scope; inconsistent environmental policies","note":{"evidence":"inconsistent environmental policies","reading":"policy inconsistency is a named challenge","insight":"policy incoherence hinders decarbonization."}},{"path":["public_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"public acceptance of changes in energy use","reading":"acceptance is named as a challenge to decarbonization","insight":"public acceptance is treated as a barrier to the decarbonization process."}}]},{"id":"paquet2021#1","study":"paquet2021","text":"However, are these alternative sources of energy appealing to local residents?","zone":"Aim","obs":"Technology refers to renewable energy technologies in Nunavik.","b":[{"path":["technology_choice","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"are these alternative sources of energy appealing to local residents?","reading":"an open question about whether renewable technologies appeal to residents, coded as an investigated effect","insight":"acceptance of renewables by local residents is treated as unresolved rather than assumed."}}]},{"id":"paquet2021#2","study":"paquet2021","text":"(1) The level of substantive equity depends mainly on the type of RET and on idiosyncrasies between communities, and (2) local governance and procedural equity need to be asserted so that RETs can become true catalysts for equity.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technology_choice","equity_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: varies between communities","note":{"evidence":"depends mainly on the type of RET","reading":"the finding states dependence of substantive equity on RET type without a direction","insight":"equity outcomes of renewables are technology-specific and community-specific rather than uniform."}},{"path":["procedural_justice","equity_perception"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"need to be asserted so that RETs can become true catalysts for equity","reading":"a requirement stated as prerequisite, hence hypothetical","insight":"procedural equity and local governance are presented as preconditions for renewables to deliver equity."}}]},{"id":"parente2024#1","study":"parente2024","text":"Their perceptions are based on prior knowledge of hydrogen technologies, with participants seeking information from specialized sources or from activities promoted by their organizations.","zone":"Result","obs":"Perceptions are coded as attitude.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"perceptions are based on prior knowledge of hydrogen technologies","reading":"prior knowledge is the basis of perceptions, affirmed as a finding","insight":"perceptions of hydrogen production are anchored in existing knowledge rather than formed anew."}}]},{"id":"parente2024#2","study":"parente2024","text":"Furthermore, unlike the benefits, the perception of risk appears to have no impact on perceptions' construction.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["risk_perception","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"perception of risk appears to have no impact","reading":"hedged no-effect finding, so Inconclusive","insight":"perceived benefits, not risks, appear to shape hydrogen perceptions."}}]},{"id":"parente2024#3","study":"parente2024","text":"High confidence in science appears to minimize the recognition of potential risks and bolster the recognition of potential benefits.","zone":"Result","obs":"Confidence in science is coded as trust.","b":[{"path":["trust","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"subgroup: high confidence in science","note":{"evidence":"minimize the recognition of potential risks","reading":"hedged finding with appears","insight":"confidence in science lowers risk recognition."}}]},{"id":"parente2024#4","study":"parente2024","text":"This exclusion of civil society from decision-making may justify the NGO group's critical stance towards hydrogen.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["participation","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: NGO group","note":{"evidence":"exclusion of civil society from decision-making may justify the NGO group's critical stance","reading":"speculative explanation, so Hypothetical","insight":"exclusion from decision-making may drive critical stances among NGOs."}}]},{"id":"pasqualetti2011a#1","study":"pasqualetti2011a","text":"Although many people would consider this quickening pace good news, the transition from conventional resources has encountered public resistance.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_transition","citizens"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the transition from conventional resources has encountered public resistance","reading":"resistance by the public to the transition is an actor-based opposition","insight":"accelerated renewable deployment does not guarantee public welcome, as the transition meets resistance."}}]},{"id":"pasqualetti2011a#2","study":"pasqualetti2011a","text":"The common thread in the public reservations about renewable energy is landscape change and the consequent disruption such change produces to established ways of life for those who are nearby.","zone":"Result","obs":"Landscape change is mapped to the existing concept landscape_value.","b":[{"path":["landscape_value","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"population: people living nearby","note":{"evidence":"landscape change and the consequent disruption","reading":"landscape change is the common source of public reservations, coded as negative influence on acceptance","insight":"opposition stems from disruption of established ways of life, not from the technology itself."}}]},{"id":"pasqualetti2011a#3","study":"pasqualetti2011a","text":"The more suitable and expedient approach would be to consider the challenges of development as predominantly social matters with technical components, rather than the other way around.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_criteria","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"predominantly social matters with technical components","reading":"a recommendation to prioritise social framing over technical framing, so hypothetical","insight":"rebalancing planning toward social considerations is presented as the route to successful development."}}]},{"id":"peacock2025#1","study":"peacock2025","text":"Second, we investigated how socio-spatial resources- spatial imaginaries and imagined publics- are drawn upon by stakeholders to legitimate `acceptable' current and future pathways of low carbon energy technology deployment, using Sweden as a case study.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Socio-spatial resources are mapped to the existing concept socio-technical_narrative as the closest available.","b":[{"path":["socio-technical_narrative","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how socio-spatial resources... are drawn upon by stakeholders to legitimate","reading":"socio-spatial resources (imaginaries, imagined publics) are mapped to the narrative concept and treated as legitimating deployment","insight":"spatial beliefs may serve as resources that make deployment pathways appear acceptable."}}]},{"id":"peacock2025#2","study":"peacock2025","text":"These socio-spatial resources were invoked to legitimate where future hydrogen deployment and offshore wind should be placed.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["socio-technical_narrative","site_location"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: future hydrogen and offshore wind placement","note":{"evidence":"invoked to legitimate where future hydrogen deployment and offshore wind should be placed","reading":"stakeholders use socio-spatial resources to justify siting","insight":"siting legitimacy is built through spatial imaginaries, not only technical criteria."}}]},{"id":"perlaviciute2018#1","study":"perlaviciute2018","text":"Energy projects aimed at a sustainable energy transition can trigger strong negative emotions and resistance from the public.","zone":"Background","obs":"The public is mapped to the existing concept citizens.","b":[{"path":["energy_transition","citizens"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"can trigger strong negative emotions and resistance from the public","reading":"resistance by the public is the actor-based opposition to projects, stated as established context","insight":"energy projects serving the transition can provoke emotional public resistance."}}]},{"id":"perlaviciute2018#2","study":"perlaviciute2018","text":"We introduce a value-based approach, which entails that different characteristics of energy projects may violate or support people's core values, which evokes emotions in people.","zone":"Aim","obs":"The excerpt names values and emotions, not an existing concept; the closest existing concept is perception.","b":[{"path":["deployment","perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"may violate or support people's core values","reading":"project characteristics affect values; the hedge 'may' marks a proposed relation","insight":"project characteristics matter via perceived compatibility with core values."}}]},{"id":"perros2024#1","study":"perros2024","text":"Numerous clean cooking fuels are available but remain inaccessible to lowincome consumers due to affordability limitations.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["financial_barrier","equitable_access"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"population: low-income consumers","note":{"evidence":"remain inaccessible to lowincome consumers due to affordability limitations","reading":"affordability limits access, stated as established context","insight":"availability of clean fuels does not ensure access when affordability is a barrier."}}]},{"id":"perros2024#2","study":"perros2024","text":"However, little is known about whether this technology can scale and foster widespread adoption of clean cooking.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"whether this technology can scale and foster widespread adoption","reading":"unresolved whether scaling PAYG LPG drives adoption","insight":"the scaling-adoption link of PAYG LPG remains unevidenced."}}]},{"id":"perros2024#3","study":"perros2024","text":"Respondents also revealed the multitude of challenges faced by PAYG LPG providers attempting to scale this technology at a time of increasing controversy about the role of fossil fuels in Africa `s energy transition.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["sector_challenge","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"multitude of challenges faced by PAYG LPG providers attempting to scale","reading":"challenges hinder scaling","insight":"scaling is hindered by provider challenges amid fossil fuel controversy."}}]},{"id":"perros2024#4","study":"perros2024","text":"Nevertheless, participants described how PAYG LPG is an effective demand -side technology that makes clean cooking accessible to new consumers.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technology_performance","equitable_access"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"makes clean cooking accessible to new consumers","reading":"PAYG LPG makes access possible, per participants","insight":"micropayment technology can widen access to clean cooking for new consumers."}}]},{"id":"perros2024#5","study":"perros2024","text":"However, the unit economics are challenging and are compounded by a paucity of investment.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["investment","economic_viability"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"unit economics are challenging and are compounded by a paucity of investment","reading":"lack of investment worsens viability, coded via investment's own relation","insight":"weak investment compounds poor unit economics of PAYG LPG."}}]},{"id":"petrova2016a#1","study":"petrova2016a","text":"Despite the prevailing national support for renewable energy development, the installation of wind energy turbines at the local level is often met with resistance.","zone":"Background","obs":"The chain uses 'residents' as the opposing actor; the sentence refers to resistance at the local level without naming the actors.","b":[{"path":["deployment","residents"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: local level installation of wind turbines","note":{"evidence":"installation of wind energy turbines at the local level is often met with resistance","reading":"resistance by local actors is stated as established context","insight":"national support for renewables does not translate into local acceptance of turbine installations."}}]},{"id":"petrova2016a#2","study":"petrova2016a","text":"Based on an in-depth literature review and surveys conducted in three Massachusetts towns, the author discards NIMBY as a valid explanation and proposes a novel framework (VESPA) for organizing community concerns into four categories visual/landscape, environmental, socioeconomic, and procedural.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["visual_impact","community_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"organizing community concerns into four categories visual/landscape, environmental, socioeconomic, and procedural","reading":"concerns are proposed as explaining support and opposition, with direction unstated","insight":"local concerns, not NIMBY selfishness, structure community responses to wind projects."}},{"path":["environmental_impact","community_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"organizing community concerns into four categories visual/landscape, environmental, socioeconomic, and procedural","reading":"concerns are proposed as explaining support and opposition, with direction unstated","insight":"local concerns, not NIMBY selfishness, structure community responses to wind projects."}},{"path":["procedural_justice","community_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"organizing community concerns into four categories visual/landscape, environmental, socioeconomic, and procedural","reading":"concerns are proposed as explaining support and opposition, with direction unstated","insight":"local concerns, not NIMBY selfishness, structure community responses to wind projects."}}]},{"id":"picchi2019#1","study":"picchi2019","text":"In order for this landscape transformation to be sustainable, renewable energy technologies should not cause critical trade-offs between the provision of energy and that of other ecosystem services such as food production.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concept pairing is approximate; the sentence states a normative condition rather than an empirical finding.","b":[{"path":["deployment","sustainability_criteria"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"should not cause critical trade-offs","reading":"normative requirement that deployment avoid trade-offs with other ecosystem services for sustainable transformation","insight":"sustainability of landscape change depends on avoiding energy-ecosystem service trade-offs."}}]},{"id":"pike2020#1","study":"pike2020","text":"Public perception plays a critical role in defining the risk versus development relationship.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["perception","risk"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Public perception plays a critical role in defining the risk versus development relationship","reading":"asserted as established context, with no direction given","insight":"public perception shapes how risk is framed in relation to industrial development."}}]},{"id":"pike2020#2","study":"pike2020","text":"The public perception of risk is dependent on awareness and understanding of potential hazards and their likelihood of occurrence, and most importantly, effective communication of these along with the associated uncertainty.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_awareness","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"dependent on awareness and understanding of potential hazards","reading":"dependency wording gives an effect without a stated direction","insight":"risk perception is shaped by what the public knows about hazards."}},{"path":["communication","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"most importantly, effective communication of these","reading":"communication is called the most important factor","insight":"how hazards and uncertainty are communicated is central to how risk is perceived."}}]},{"id":"pike2020#3","study":"pike2020","text":"Public awareness can have a profound effect on the development of public policy, which in many cases is driven more by perception rather than by sound science.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_awareness","policy"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Public awareness can have a profound effect on the development of public policy","reading":"effect stated without a direction","insight":"policy can follow public perception more closely than scientific evidence."}},{"path":["perception","policy"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"driven more by perception rather than by sound science","reading":"policy is said to be driven by perception in many cases","insight":"perception can outweigh scientific evidence in shaping policy."}}]},{"id":"pinilla-delacruz2024#1","study":"pinilla-delacruz2024","text":"These dimensions shed light on the influence of the socio-cultural context in enhancing trust and consensus as drivers of social exchange in public-private collaboration.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Consensus is also named as a driver but is not an existing concept, so only trust is chained.","b":[{"path":["trust","public_private_cooperation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"trust and consensus as drivers of social exchange in public-private collaboration","reading":"trust is framed as a driver, so INFLUENCES with positive sign","insight":"socio-cultural context strengthens the trust that underpins collaboration between public and private actors."}}]},{"id":"plaga2024#1","study":"plaga2024","text":"Community acceptance of renewable energy investments can limit the potential renewable power installation at regional and national level.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["community_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"can limit the potential renewable power installation","reading":"acceptance is stated as a limiter of installation, so CONSTRAINS","insight":"community acceptance can cap renewable deployment potential at regional and national scales."}}]},{"id":"plaga2024#2","study":"plaga2024","text":"The consideration of public acceptance leads to small changes in total costs but large changes in regional results of investment decisions.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: total system costs","note":{"evidence":"leads to small changes in total costs","reading":"direction not given","insight":"acceptance constraints barely change system cost."}},{"path":["public_acceptance","investment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: regional investment decisions","note":{"evidence":"large changes in regional results of investment decisions","reading":"direction not given","insight":"acceptance reshapes where investment occurs rather than total cost."}}]},{"id":"platje2022#1","study":"platje2022","text":"This transition is hampered because important players in energy markets (governments and oligopolies), while supporting large-scale solutions, avoid or block systemic changes.","zone":"Background","obs":"Actors are governments and oligopolies; mapped to the closest existing concept local_authorities.","b":[{"path":["energy_transition","local_authorities"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"avoid or block systemic changes","reading":"governments and oligopolies resist systemic change","insight":"incumbent market actors favour large-scale solutions and obstruct systemic transition."}}]},{"id":"platje2022#2","study":"platje2022","text":"Technological optimism and belief in markets are predictors of optimism about resource shortages and neglect of system risk.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["optimism","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"predictors of optimism about resource shortages and neglect of system risk","reading":"predictive wording, neglect of risk implies lower risk perception","insight":"technological optimism and market belief reduce attention to systemic risk."}}]},{"id":"platje2022#3","study":"platje2022","text":"The results indicate that a lack of political liberalism and a negative attitude towards sustainable business practices amplify system risks in, e.g., large-scale nuclear energy projects.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["attitude","risk"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"subgroup: negative attitude towards sustainable business practices","note":{"evidence":"amplify system risks","reading":"results indicate","insight":"weaker sustainability attitudes and lack of liberalism go with greater system risk in nuclear projects."}}]},{"id":"plazas-nino2025#1","study":"plazas-nino2025","text":"Open-source frameworks have been instrumental in this progress, enhancing stakeholder engagement, transparency, and public acceptance.","zone":"Background","obs":"Open-source frameworks are represented by the closest existing concept; no dedicated concept exists.","b":[{"path":["sociotechnical_approach","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: open-source energy modelling frameworks","note":{"evidence":"enhancing stakeholder engagement, transparency, and public acceptance","reading":"stated as established background, favours acceptance so INFLUENCES positive","insight":"open-source modelling is credited with improving public acceptance of energy planning.","mechanism":"via transparency and stakeholder engagement"}}]},{"id":"psarra2024#1","study":"psarra2024","text":"Social influence considerations often hint at the necessity of making prior agreements with the neighbors.","zone":"Result","obs":"Social_norm stands in for the neighbor social influence; adoption is implied by the heat pump context.","b":[{"path":["social_norm","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"necessity of making prior agreements with the neighbors","reading":"agreement with neighbors is framed as a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"neighbor agreement is seen as a precondition for heat pump uptake, making adoption a collective matter."}}]},{"id":"pulselli2022#1","study":"pulselli2022","text":"Nevertheless, the implementation of integrated solutions to exploit MES in marine areas does not just concern technological issues; it requires inclusive planning practices considering different aspects regarding climate and environmental impacts, landscape compatibility, interference with other marine activities (such as shipping, fishing, and tourism), and social acceptance.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["land_use_planning","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"it requires inclusive planning practices","reading":"requirement wording indicates a prerequisite","insight":"deployment of marine energy depends on inclusive planning that addresses social acceptance and other non-technological aspects, not only on technology."}}]},{"id":"raad2022#1","study":"raad2022","text":"Storage sites should be selected based on sustainability, considering accessibility to the distribution system, the construction cost, environmental limitations, and legal and social requirements.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Site selection criteria are mapped to the closest existing concepts.","b":[{"path":["sustainability_criteria","site_location"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Storage sites should be selected based on sustainability","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so hypothetical and prerequisite wording","insight":"site selection is framed as depending on sustainability, cost, environmental and social criteria together."}}]},{"id":"raad2022#2","study":"raad2022","text":"There is a crucial need for a dynamic regulatory framework and participation strategy facilitating large-scale aquifer storage.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["regulatory_framework","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: large-scale aquifer storage","note":{"evidence":"crucial need for a dynamic regulatory framework and participation strategy","reading":"stated need, so prerequisite and hypothetical","insight":"large-scale storage deployment is presented as dependent on both regulatory and participatory arrangements."}},{"path":["participation","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: large-scale aquifer storage","note":{"evidence":"crucial need for a dynamic regulatory framework and participation strategy","reading":"stated need, so prerequisite and hypothetical","insight":"large-scale storage deployment is presented as dependent on both regulatory and participatory arrangements."}}]},{"id":"radtke2025#1","study":"radtke2025","text":"Does e-participation generate more democratic legitimacy in the context of the German Energiewende through more input and procedural justice, better outputs and environmental outcomes that are accepted by the public?","zone":"Aim","obs":"e-participation is mapped to the existing concept participation.","b":[{"path":["participation","procedural_justice"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Does e-participation generate more democratic legitimacy","reading":"posed as an open question","insight":"e-participation is tested as a route to procedural justice and legitimacy."}}]},{"id":"radtke2025#2","study":"radtke2025","text":"Unexploited potential for creative input, deliberation, and collaborative planning could be leveraged to increase democratic legitimacy.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Democratic legitimacy is approximated by the existing concept acceptance.","b":[{"path":["participation","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"could be leveraged to increase democratic legitimacy","reading":"hedged potential","insight":"untapped participatory options may raise legitimacy."}}]},{"id":"radtke2025#3","study":"radtke2025","text":"This potential remains largely untapped, however, and requires a willingness to participate, thus calling for mobilization strategies.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Willingness to participate is mapped to the existing concept interest.","b":[{"path":["interest","participation"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"requires a willingness to participate","reading":"prerequisite wording","insight":"participation potential depends on citizens' willingness to take part."}}]},{"id":"ram2022#1","study":"ram2022","text":"The framework proposed that risks are amplified or attenuated by interested parties employing different rhetorical strategies to give information about risk a certain ``spin.''","zone":"Background","obs":"Rhetorical strategies are mapped to the existing concept communication.","b":[{"path":["communication","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"risks are amplified or attenuated by interested parties employing different rhetorical strategies","reading":"framework's claim presented as established, direction can be amplifying or attenuating","insight":"risk perception is shaped by how interested parties frame information, not only by the hazard itself."}}]},{"id":"ram2022#2","study":"ram2022","text":"Here we add depth and clarity by examining how amplification stations send risk signals that amplify or attenuate risk by emphasizing these different attributes of information.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"risk signals that amplify or attenuate risk by emphasizing these different attributes of information","reading":"the study examines how emphasis of information attributes changes risk","insight":"the emphasis chosen in risk signals can raise or lower perceived risk."}}]},{"id":"ransan-cooper2020#1","study":"ransan-cooper2020","text":"The institutional design of the technology delivery which involved minimal decision making power from householders had a significantly negative impact on the lived experiences of householders with the technology.","zone":"Result","obs":"Lived experiences is mapped to the existing concept perception; top-down institutional design is mapped to top_down_decision_making.","b":[{"path":["top_down_decision_making","perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"minimal decision making power from householders had a significantly negative impact","reading":"asserted finding of negative effect","insight":"limited householder agency in delivery design worsens how the technology is experienced."}}]},{"id":"ransan-cooper2020#2","study":"ransan-cooper2020","text":"Our focus on affect also revealed the stress and frustration experienced by householders who could not understand and control the technology in the way desired and in line with islander attitudes of self-reliance and autonomy.","zone":"Result","obs":"Stress and frustration are mapped to perception, as no emotion concept exists.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: householders unable to understand and control the technology","note":{"evidence":"could not understand and control the technology","reading":"inability to understand and control the technology is linked to stress and frustration","insight":"lack of control clashes with local self-reliance values, producing negative emotional responses."}}]},{"id":"reinsberger2015#1","study":"reinsberger2015","text":"Hence, characteristics such as rapid reduction in module costs, technological progress and low economies of scale imply that significant promise may be assigned to photovoltaics in terms of its expected contribution to the transformation of our energy system.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["cost","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: module cost reduction","note":{"evidence":"rapid reduction in module costs","reading":"the findings imply promise for photovoltaics' contribution, hedged with 'may'","insight":"falling costs underpin expert expectations that photovoltaics can contribute to energy system transformation."}},{"path":["technological_advancement","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"technological progress","reading":"listed with cost as a characteristic implying promise","insight":"technological progress is seen as a driver of photovoltaics' role in transition."}}]},{"id":"renoth2023#1","study":"renoth2023","text":"Social acceptance is a decisive factor in the successful implementation of geothermal projects.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Social acceptance is a decisive factor in the successful implementation","reading":"decisive factor treated as a prerequisite for implementation","insight":"acceptance is framed as a precondition for geothermal project success."}}]},{"id":"renoth2023#2","study":"renoth2023","text":"Deeper knowledge, in particular about the technical aspects of geothermal energy generation, might enable a more comprehensive and holistic view on geothermal technology.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"The 'holistic view' is mapped to the existing concept perception.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","perception"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: technical knowledge about geothermal energy generation","note":{"evidence":"might enable a more comprehensive and holistic view","reading":"hedged with might, so a proposed possibility","insight":"technical knowledge may broaden how geothermal technology is perceived."}}]},{"id":"renoth2023#3","study":"renoth2023","text":"Furthermore, the integration of all relevant groups of stakeholders in the process of implementation of geothermal projects strongly influences their social acceptance.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["community_engagement","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"strongly influences their social acceptance","reading":"asserted as a conclusion of the review; the positive sign is implied by 'integration'","insight":"involving all stakeholder groups is a strong driver of acceptance."}}]},{"id":"rinaldi2022#1","study":"rinaldi2022","text":"Firstly, electric boilers have a larger flexibility potential than demand-side response with wet appliances since they reduce storage investments by more than 26% by 2050 (only 12% for demand-side response).","zone":"Result","obs":"Concepts electric_boilers is new; modelling output, not acceptance.","b":[{"path":["electric_boilers","investment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: storage investments by 2050","note":{"evidence":"they reduce storage investments by more than 26% by 2050","reading":"modelled result, asserted effect with a negative direction","insight":"flexibility options differ in how much they displace storage investment."}}]},{"id":"rinaldi2022#2","study":"rinaldi2022","text":"Secondly, 34% more electricity storage is needed if heat pumps replace all fossil -based heating and 80% to replace all heating systems entirely.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["heat_pumps","energy_storage"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: heat pumps replacing fossil-based or all heating systems","note":{"evidence":"34% more electricity storage is needed if heat pumps replace all fossil -based heating","reading":"heat pump deployment increases storage need","insight":"electrifying heating raises storage requirements, scaling with replacement extent."}}]},{"id":"rinaldi2022#3","study":"rinaldi2022","text":"Finally, electricity storage capacity induced by heat pump deployment is highly dependent on the retrofitting rate.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["building_retrofitting","energy_storage"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"moderator: retrofitting rate; setting: heat pump deployment","note":{"evidence":"highly dependent on the retrofitting rate","reading":"higher retrofitting reduces storage induced by heat pumps, per the following sentence","insight":"building efficiency measures can offset the storage burden of heating electrification."}}]},{"id":"rizzo2017#1","study":"rizzo2017","text":"The aim of this paper is to assess Malta's government capacity to manage the possible environmental and social conflicts arising from the implementation of its renewable energy agenda to comply with EU's 2020 energy package.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["government_role","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"assess Malta's government capacity to manage the possible environmental and social conflicts","reading":"the study examines whether government capacity manages conflicts, so Investigated","insight":"acceptance of PV deployment depends on whether governments can manage emerging conflicts."}}]},{"id":"roberts2021#1","study":"roberts2021","text":"Psychological factors clearly have an impact on their decisions and acceptance behaviours, but these have not been fully explored.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Psychological factors mapped to the existing concept personal_and_social_factors.","b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Psychological factors clearly have an impact on their decisions and acceptance behaviours","reading":"asserted impact without direction","insight":"psychological drivers shape acceptance by decision makers yet remain under-explored."}}]},{"id":"roberts2021#2","study":"roberts2021","text":"The analysis of three technology introduction case studies in the UK offshore O&G sector (including interviews with 22 personnel involved in developing and commercially buying new technology) confirmed the influence of 15 psychological factors on organisational technology adoption decision making.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"confirmed the influence of 15 psychological factors on organisational technology adoption decision making","reading":"finding confirms influence, direction not given","insight":"organisational technology adoption is shaped by individual psychological factors."}}]},{"id":"roberts2021a#1","study":"roberts2021a","text":"This question underscores the critical interaction between people and the technology, highlighting the importance of understanding the underlying psychological factors that influence technology uptake.","zone":"Background","obs":"Psychological factors are mapped to the existing concept personal_and_social_factors.","b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"psychological factors that influence technology uptake","reading":"stated as established background with an unsigned influence","insight":"technology uptake depends on human psychological factors, not on the technology alone."}}]},{"id":"roberts2021a#2","study":"roberts2021a","text":"Our thematic analysis of an interview study with 37 innovation technology stakeholders from this sector identified a set of six categories encompassing 15 psychological factors that influence the organizational decision-maker.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","technology_choice"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"population: organizational decision-makers","note":{"evidence":"15 psychological factors that influence the organizational decision-maker","reading":"the study's own finding, with no direction given","insight":"decision-makers' technology choices are shaped by multiple psychological categories, from personality to organizational factors."}}]},{"id":"robison2023#1","study":"robison2023","text":"European energy transition policies identify `smart consumption' as a key element of these efforts, which have previously been explored from a predominantly technical perspective thus often failing to identify or address fundamental interlinkages with social systems and consequences.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Concept technological_advancement stands for the technical perspective of prior research.","b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","social_consequence"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"predominantly technical perspective thus often failing to identify or address fundamental interlinkages with social systems and consequences","reading":"technical framing limits attention to social consequences","insight":"technically framed smart consumption research overlooks social consequences."}}]},{"id":"robison2023#2","study":"robison2023","text":"Social Sciences and Humanities scholarship is essential to address these shifts in meaningful (rather than tokenistic) ways.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Concepts approximate SSH scholarship and the shifts addressed.","b":[{"path":["social_engagement","social_innovation"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"essential to address these shifts","reading":"SSH scholarship stated as a prerequisite","insight":"meaningful social-science involvement is framed as necessary for smart consumption shifts."}}]},{"id":"rocha-meneses2023#1","study":"rocha-meneses2023","text":"This study presents an overview of biogas production in Colombia, emphasizing the need for financial resources to overcome barriers.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Funding is read as enabling biogas deployment; the excerpt names barriers generally.","b":[{"path":["funding","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the need for financial resources to overcome barriers","reading":"financial resources are stated as a prerequisite for overcoming barriers to biogas, so ENABLES","insight":"biogas deployment is framed as dependent on financing to overcome barriers."}}]},{"id":"rocha-meneses2023#2","study":"rocha-meneses2023","text":"Policy incentives, awareness campaigns, and research and development play a vital role in fostering social acceptance, technology adoption, and optimizing biogas production processes.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["economic_incentive","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"play a vital role in fostering social acceptance","reading":"fostering wording gives positive influence","insight":"policy incentives are presented as drivers of acceptance."}},{"path":["public_awareness","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"awareness campaigns ... fostering social acceptance","reading":"positive influence","insight":"awareness-raising is treated as a route to acceptance."}}]},{"id":"rohe2021#1","study":"rohe2021","text":"Legitimacy is a key function within Technological Innovation Systems (TIS), influencing the development and diffusion of novel technologies such as onshore wind energy.","zone":"Background","obs":"Legitimacy is mapped to the existing concept public_acceptance as the closest available term.","b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"influencing the development and diffusion of novel technologies","reading":"legitimacy is stated as influencing diffusion, mapped to the acceptance concept","insight":"legitimacy is treated as a systemic function that shapes technology diffusion rather than an outcome only."}}]},{"id":"rohe2021#2","study":"rohe2021","text":"Our analysis shows that pragmatic and moral dimensions of legitimacy are particularly susceptible to place-specific influences.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: pragmatic and moral dimensions of legitimacy","note":{"evidence":"particularly susceptible to place-specific influences","reading":"place-specific influences affect legitimacy dimensions, with no direction given","insight":"legitimacy varies spatially, so regional context shapes acceptance of wind energy."}}]},{"id":"rojas-pena2024a#1","study":"rojas-pena2024a","text":"The social acceptance of renewable energies is crucial for the success of the energy transition process and the fight against climate change.","zone":"Background","obs":"Climate change is also named as a goal, but only the transition relation is coded.","b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"crucial for the success of the energy transition process","reading":"crucial implies a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"acceptance is framed as a precondition for transition success, not merely a correlate."}}]},{"id":"romanov2021#1","study":"romanov2021","text":"However, public awareness, understanding and acceptance of the technology are required.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_awareness","acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"public awareness, understanding and acceptance of the technology are required","reading":"stated as a requirement for DH to contribute to climate goals, so a prerequisite and Hypothetical","insight":"awareness and understanding are framed as preconditions for DH acceptance."}}]},{"id":"romanov2021#2","study":"romanov2021","text":"At the same time, gamification has been identified as a viable teaching and learning method in higher education, which might be also appealing to non-professionals and might bridge their knowledge gap in DH.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["education_training","knowledge"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: gamification as teaching method for non-professionals","note":{"evidence":"might bridge their knowledge gap in DH","reading":"hedged with might, so an untested possibility","insight":"gamified learning is proposed as a route to close the DH knowledge gap among laypeople."}}]},{"id":"romdhane2022#1","study":"romdhane2022","text":"In addition to large aquifers, shut down oil and gas fields in the North Sea are logical candidates for offshore large-scale CO2 storage because of their proven storage capacity, reliable caprock integrity, established infrastructure, and public acceptance.","zone":"Background","obs":"Public acceptance is one of several listed reasons; the abstract does not examine it.","b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: shut down oil and gas fields in the North Sea","note":{"evidence":"logical candidates ... because of their ... public acceptance","reading":"acceptance is listed as one reason making fields suitable, so treated as an enabler","insight":"existing public acceptance of oil and gas fields is treated as an asset for siting CO2 storage."}}]},{"id":"romdhane2022#2","study":"romdhane2022","text":"However, in some cases, old and legacy wells are subject to high uncertainties in their integrity, and they can compromise CO2 containment in such reservoirs.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["uncertainty","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: old and legacy wells in reservoirs","note":{"evidence":"subject to high uncertainties in their integrity, and they can compromise CO2 containment","reading":"well integrity uncertainty limits the viability of storage","insight":"legacy wells undermine the suitability of otherwise attractive storage sites."}}]},{"id":"roux2022#1","study":"roux2022","text":"Realising these ambitions requires concerted, often innovative, political action across several policy domains.","zone":"Background","obs":"Policy stands in for political action in the abstract.","b":[{"path":["policy","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"requires concerted, often innovative, political action","reading":"dependency wording gives ENABLES with political action as prerequisite","insight":"offshore wind ambitions depend on coordinated action across policy domains rather than market ambition alone."}}]},{"id":"roux2022#2","study":"roux2022","text":"In Ireland, two key drivers restrained political support for offshore wind for over a decade: competition with onshore wind for limited grid connection capacity and resilience, and calibration of policy instruments to attain decadal renewable energy target at least cost.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["cost","policy_support"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: calibration of policy instruments to attain renewable energy targets at least cost","note":{"evidence":"calibration of policy instruments to attain decadal renewable energy target at least cost","reading":"least-cost calibration restrained political support","insight":"cost-minimising policy design can hold back support for a newer technology."}}]},{"id":"roy2023#1","study":"roy2023","text":"CCS processes require less energy compared with CCU and thus tend to be more cost-effective than CCU.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_consumption","cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"require less energy compared with CCU and thus tend to be more cost-effective","reading":"lower energy requirement leads to lower cost, hedged with 'tend to'","insight":"energy intensity drives the cost gap between CCS and CCU."}}]},{"id":"roy2023#2","study":"roy2023","text":"Both CCS and CCU have challenges, and public perception of these initiatives seems to be complex or not satisfactory for deploying large-scale projects, which hinders meeting the GHG emission reduction targets of different jurisdictions.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["perception","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: large-scale projects","note":{"evidence":"public perception ... not satisfactory for deploying large-scale projects, which hinders","reading":"perception limits deployment, hedged with 'seems'","insight":"unfavourable public perception can block the scale-up needed for emission targets."}}]},{"id":"roy2023#3","study":"roy2023","text":"The acceptance of CCU seems to be higher compared to that of CCS because of the concerns about land-use complexities.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["land_use_system","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Negative","cond":"subgroup: CCS compared with CCU","note":{"evidence":"because of the concerns about land-use complexities","reading":"speculative explanation of the acceptance gap, hedged with 'seems'","insight":"land-use concerns may lower CCS acceptance relative to CCU."}}]},{"id":"roy2023#4","study":"roy2023","text":"Stringent policies, financial incentives/benefits, stakeholder participation and technological advances would be crucial for the transition; however, technological advances and policy initiatives must be justified by a broader sustainability check to avoid the risk of investment and climate change.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Stringent policies ... would be crucial for the transition","reading":"stated as a requirement, so hypothetical","insight":"policy is framed as a prerequisite for the transition."}},{"path":["economic_incentive","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"financial incentives/benefits ... crucial for the transition","reading":"requirement","insight":"incentives are treated as a precondition."}},{"path":["participation","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"stakeholder participation ... crucial for the transition","reading":"requirement","insight":"participation is treated as a precondition."}},{"path":["technological_advancement","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"technological advances ... crucial for the transition","reading":"requirement","insight":"technology progress is treated as necessary but must pass a sustainability check."}}]},{"id":"rubino2023#1","study":"rubino2023","text":"The constraints often cited are lack of social license, an inefficient and uncoordinated permitting system, and the absence of supportive government programs similar to those enjoyed by terrestrial agriculture.","zone":"Background","obs":"Constraints are attributed to commonly cited sources, including national commissions.","b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"lack of social license","reading":"lack of social license is cited as a constraint, coded as social acceptance enabling deployment with the deficit noted","insight":"missing social license is framed as a structural barrier to aquaculture expansion."}},{"path":["regulatory_framework","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"an inefficient and uncoordinated permitting system","reading":"the permitting deficit is cited as a constraint","insight":"regulatory inefficiency limits production."}},{"path":["government_support","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"absence of supportive government programs","reading":"absence of support is cited as a constraint","insight":"unlike terrestrial agriculture, marine aquaculture lacks government backing."}}]},{"id":"rubino2023#2","study":"rubino2023","text":"The paper first outlines key policy drivers prompting a reevaluation of US marine aquaculture policy (human health and nutrition, climate change, and market disruptions caused by the coronavirus) and then focuses on three critical policy goals that could contribute to expanding U.S. seafood farming: improve public understanding and acceptance, enhance the efficiency and timeliness of the aquaculture permitting process, and expand economic incentives to foster aquaculture development.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_education","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"improve public understanding and acceptance","reading":"proposed policy goal expected to contribute to expansion","insight":"public understanding is treated as a route to acceptance."}},{"path":["economic_incentive","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"expand economic incentives to foster aquaculture development","reading":"proposed goal","insight":"incentives are seen as fostering development."}}]},{"id":"ruddat2019#1","study":"ruddat2019","text":"In addition, subset correspondence analyses showed that all four acceptance types are embedded in consistent energy-related perception patterns.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["acceptance","perception"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"all four acceptance types are embedded in consistent energy-related perception patterns","reading":"explicit association without stated direction","insight":"acceptance types (protesters, opponents, advocates, supporters) correspond to coherent perception patterns, indicating complex underlying attitudes."}}]},{"id":"sadat-razavi2025#1","study":"sadat-razavi2025","text":"Public perception and acceptance of a changing energy landscape are crucial for enabling a hydrogen economy in Germany.","zone":"Background","obs":"Deployment stands for the hydrogen economy.","b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"crucial for enabling a hydrogen economy","reading":"acceptance is stated as a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"hydrogen economy development is framed as dependent on public acceptance."}}]},{"id":"sadat-razavi2025#2","study":"sadat-razavi2025","text":"Yet, there is still a high degree of uncertainty in the assessment, expressed by a high number of ``don't know'' answers within the survey.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["uncertainty","perception"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: Power-to-X survey assessment","note":{"evidence":"high degree of uncertainty in the assessment","reading":"uncertainty is expressed in public assessment, with no direction of effect","insight":"public views on hydrogen imports remain unformed despite support for renewables."}}]},{"id":"sadat-razavi2025#3","study":"sadat-razavi2025","text":"The study highlights the need for stronger science communication and dialogue on hydrogen import strategies.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Acceptance is implied, not named, in the sentence; the link follows the uncertainty finding.","b":[{"path":["communication","public_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"need for stronger science communication and dialogue","reading":"a recommendation, so Hypothetical","insight":"communication is positioned as needed to address public uncertainty about hydrogen imports."}}]},{"id":"saito2019#1","study":"saito2019","text":"In terms of implementation of CCS, the Not in My Backyard (NIMBY) perception on CCS influenced opinions, while about half of the respondents did not have clear opinions on a hypothetical plan of implementing offshore CCS near their home.","zone":"Result","obs":"NIMBY perception is mapped to the existing concept risk_perception as the closest fit.","b":[{"path":["risk_perception","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"NIMBY perception on CCS influenced opinions","reading":"NIMBY perception is mapped to risk_perception, direction unspecified","insight":"local-siting concerns shape opinions, yet many respondents remain undecided about nearby offshore CCS."}}]},{"id":"saito2019#2","study":"saito2019","text":"The survey found that some of the characteristics of indifferent people toward CCS had a low level of consciousness regarding concerns on climate change issues and politically passive on national political issues.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["climate_change_belief","attitude"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: indifferent people","note":{"evidence":"low level of consciousness regarding concerns on climate change issues","reading":"indifference is associated with low climate concern","insight":"indifference toward CCS is tied to weak climate concern rather than active opposition."}}]},{"id":"saito2019#3","study":"saito2019","text":"The results of our analysis highlighted the importance of informing the Japanese general public about the technological maturity, positive and negative impacts or risks of CCS, and the necessity of climate change mitigation action in communicating the issues surrounding CCS implementation.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"importance of informing the Japanese general public","reading":"informing the public is presented as needed for CCS implementation, a prescription","insight":"public acceptance of CCS depends on communicating maturity, risks and the need for mitigation."}}]},{"id":"sajith2025#1","study":"sajith2025","text":"Results suggest high levelized cost of energy as the most discussed challenge for the growth of OWE.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_cost","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"high levelized cost of energy as the most discussed challenge for the growth of OWE","reading":"cost is framed as a challenge limiting growth, so CONSTRAINS","insight":"cost is the most frequently cited barrier to offshore wind growth in the reviewed literature."}}]},{"id":"sajith2025#2","study":"sajith2025","text":"Insufficient financial support and policy, initial capital and inadequate technology formed the second, third and fourth most discussed challenges respectively.","zone":"Result","obs":"The sentence refers to challenges for OWE development, the outcome stated in the preceding sentence.","b":[{"path":["financing","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Insufficient financial support and policy","reading":"insufficiency is coded through the factor's own relation, with the lack in the note","insight":"weak financial support is among the main barriers."}},{"path":["policy","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Insufficient financial support and policy","reading":"insufficient policy is a challenge to growth","insight":"policy gaps are a recurrent barrier."}},{"path":["capital","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"initial capital","reading":"initial capital is listed as a challenge","insight":"upfront capital needs hinder development."}},{"path":["technological_barrier","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"inadequate technology","reading":"inadequate technology is a challenge","insight":"technology limits remain a barrier."}}]},{"id":"sajith2025#3","study":"sajith2025","text":"To reduce the cost of OWE, the distribution companies in India could adopt feed-in tariffs (FiTs) in the early stages of development and make OWE procurement mandatory.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["economic_incentive","cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Negative","cond":"phase: early stages of development","note":{"evidence":"To reduce the cost of OWE","reading":"feed-in tariffs are proposed as a way to reduce cost, a recommendation and not a tested effect","insight":"incentive design is proposed as a way to lower offshore wind costs."}}]},{"id":"salak2022#1","study":"salak2022","text":"This paper examines how mixes (wind, photovoltaic, power lines) of different renewable energy infrastructure (REI) impact people's preferences for various landscape types.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Deployment stands for renewable energy infrastructure.","b":[{"path":["deployment","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: varying landscape types","note":{"evidence":"how mixes (wind, photovoltaic, power lines) of different renewable energy infrastructure (REI) impact people's preferences","reading":"investigated question about effect of infrastructure mixes on preferences, direction unstated","insight":"preferences depend on the combination of infrastructure and landscape context."}}]},{"id":"salak2022#2","study":"salak2022","text":"REI scenarios including overhead power lines perform consistently lower than scenarios without power lines.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"subgroup: scenarios with overhead power lines","note":{"evidence":"scenarios including overhead power lines perform consistently lower","reading":"power line inclusion lowers preference","insight":"power lines make infrastructure scenarios less preferred."}}]},{"id":"salak2022#3","study":"salak2022","text":"Overall, high preferences for scenarios with low REI indicate that society still lacks awareness of the need for massive REI implementation to achieve a sustainable energy transition.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_awareness","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"society still lacks awareness of the need for massive REI implementation","reading":"interpretation hedged by indicate; the lack of awareness is noted","insight":"preference for low infrastructure reveals an awareness deficit that hinders the scale of deployment needed."}}]},{"id":"samso2023#1","study":"samso2023","text":"Due to its high upfront costs and environmental impacts and low social acceptance, no additional tidal range capacity expansion is envisioned.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["cost","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: tidal range capacity expansion","note":{"evidence":"high upfront costs","reading":"cost listed as a reason why no expansion is envisioned, so a limiting relation","insight":"economic burdens combine with social and environmental barriers to halt tidal range expansion."}},{"path":["environmental_impact","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: tidal range capacity expansion","note":{"evidence":"environmental impacts","reading":"impacts cited as a reason against expansion","insight":"environmental harm limits the prospects of tidal range capacity."}},{"path":["social_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: tidal range capacity expansion","note":{"evidence":"low social acceptance","reading":"lack of acceptance is noted as a deficit; coded as acceptance enabling deployment","insight":"low acceptance helps stall tidal range expansion."}}]},{"id":"sangiuliano2017#1","study":"sangiuliano2017","text":"Such implications have prompted many governments globally to advocate for the adoption of renewable energy systems in order to reduce GHG emissions.","zone":"Background","obs":"Governments are the actors whose advocacy is reported; the abstract does not observe them empirically.","b":[{"path":["adoption","emissions"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"advocate for the adoption of renewable energy systems in order to reduce GHG emissions","reading":"adoption is framed as a means to reduce emissions (goal language)","insight":"governments treat renewable adoption as the route to emissions reduction, a policy-driven rationale for deployment."}}]},{"id":"santarromana2025#1","study":"santarromana2025","text":"Offshore wind can be a key contributor to energy system decarbonization, but its deployment in certain regions has been slow, partly due to opposition from disparate interests.","zone":"Background","obs":"Stakeholder_perspective stands in for the 'disparate interests' that oppose deployment.","b":[{"path":["deployment","stakeholder_perspective"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: certain regions","note":{"evidence":"deployment in certain regions has been slow, partly due to opposition from disparate interests","reading":"opposition actively resists deployment","insight":"slow deployment is partly attributed to opposition by actors with differing interests."}}]},{"id":"santarromana2025#2","study":"santarromana2025","text":"Failure to sufficiently address the concerns of external stakeholders could continue to hamper deployment.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["stakeholder_perspective","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"could continue to hamper deployment","reading":"hedged claim that unaddressed stakeholder concerns limit deployment","insight":"unaddressed external stakeholder concerns are framed as a potential persistent barrier to deployment."}}]},{"id":"santarromana2025#3","study":"santarromana2025","text":"First, while developers prefer larger plants, we find that these facilities are more fragile-they are sensitive to location, and their impacts are more uncertain than smaller plants.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["plant_size","uncertainty"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: larger plants compared with smaller plants","note":{"evidence":"their impacts are more uncertain than smaller plants","reading":"larger plants show greater impact uncertainty","insight":"the plant size developers prefer carries more uncertain impacts and location sensitivity."}}]},{"id":"santarromana2025#4","study":"santarromana2025","text":"Third, there are few areas on the US West Coast where developer and stakeholder preferences align, suggesting a need to reduce stakeholder-plant interactions or locate facilities in deeper waters than current technology allows.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","site_location"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: US West Coast","note":{"evidence":"locate facilities in deeper waters than current technology allows","reading":"siting in deeper waters is presented as requiring technology beyond the current state","insight":"West Coast alignment between developers and stakeholders may depend on technology allowing deeper siting."}}]},{"id":"schinko2019#1","study":"schinko2019","text":"Specifically, the country is confronted with rising electricity demand, which in turn will lead to higher fossil fuel import dependency and carbon emissions.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_demand","economic_dependence"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will lead to higher fossil fuel import dependency and carbon emissions","reading":"causal wording, presented as established context","insight":"demand growth without low-carbon supply deepens import dependence and emissions."}},{"path":["energy_demand","carbon_emissions"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will lead to higher fossil fuel import dependency and carbon emissions","reading":"causal wording, presented as established context","insight":"demand growth without low-carbon supply deepens import dependence and emissions."}}]},{"id":"schinko2019#2","study":"schinko2019","text":"However, different risks constitute barriers for private RES-E investments and lead to high financing costs, which may eventually discourage capital-intensive RES-E projects.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["risk","investment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"risks constitute barriers for private RES-E investments","reading":"risks restrict private investment","insight":"perceived risk is a main barrier to renewable investment."}},{"path":["risk","cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: financing costs","note":{"evidence":"lead to high financing costs","reading":"risks raise financing costs","insight":"risk is priced into the cost of capital."}},{"path":["financing","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: capital-intensive RES-E projects","note":{"evidence":"may eventually discourage capital-intensive RES-E projects","reading":"hedged with may","insight":"high financing costs could stall capital-intensive projects."}}]},{"id":"schinko2019#3","study":"schinko2019","text":"Employing the downscaled renpassG!S model, we find that total system costs, as well as average levelized costs of electricity (LCOE) can be reduced substantially with low-cost financing.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["financing","cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: low-cost financing","note":{"evidence":"can be reduced substantially with low-cost financing","reading":"modelling result","insight":"cheaper capital substantially lowers system and electricity generation costs."}}]},{"id":"schinko2019#4","study":"schinko2019","text":"Our results indicate that de-risking RES-E investments can lead to cost competitiveness of a 100% RES-E-based electricity system with mixed-technology scenarios at marked financing costs.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["risk","economic_viability"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: de-risking of RES-E investments","note":{"evidence":"de-risking RES-E investments can lead to cost competitiveness","reading":"reducing risk improves competitiveness; hedge 'indicate' kept","insight":"risk reduction can make a fully renewable system cost competitive."}}]},{"id":"schinko2019#5","study":"schinko2019","text":"In addition, we argue that participatory scenario modeling enables a better understanding of the risk perceptions of stakeholders, and can eventually contribute to increasing the political feasibility of sustainable energy transition pathways.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Participatory scenario modelling is mapped to stakeholder_perspective.","b":[{"path":["stakeholder_perspective","risk_perception"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"enables a better understanding of the risk perceptions of stakeholders","reading":"argued contribution","insight":"participatory modelling surfaces stakeholder risk perceptions."}},{"path":["risk_perception","feasibility"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"can eventually contribute to increasing the political feasibility","reading":"understanding risk perceptions may raise feasibility","insight":"participation is linked to political feasibility of transitions."}}]},{"id":"schlachtberger2018#1","study":"schlachtberger2018","text":"Flat directions in the optimisation landscape around cost-optimal configurations often allow system planners to choose between different technology options without a significant increase in total costs, for instance by replacing onshore with offshore wind power capacity in case of public acceptance issues.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","technology_choice"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: replacing onshore with offshore wind in case of public acceptance issues","note":{"evidence":"replacing onshore with offshore wind power capacity in case of public acceptance issues","reading":"acceptance issues prompt a different technology choice, enabled by flat cost landscape","insight":"cost flexibility allows accommodating public acceptance concerns without significant cost increases."}}]},{"id":"schmid2012#1","study":"schmid2012","text":"Even though the limited scope of this research impedes inferential conclusions on the German energy transition as a whole, it demonstrates that the technological solutions to the mitigation problem proposed by the model give rise to significant societal and political implications that deem at least as challenging as the mere engineering aspects of innovative technologies.","zone":"Result","obs":"Societal and political implications are coded as social_consequence.","b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","social_consequence"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"give rise to significant societal and political implications","reading":"the modelled technological solutions produce societal and political implications, with no direction given","insight":"technological mitigation solutions bring societal and political challenges at least as demanding as the engineering aspects."}}]},{"id":"schmidt2017a#1","study":"schmidt2017a","text":"Thereby, the public's assessment of energy-related issues may greatly rely on perceived risks.","zone":"Background","obs":"Public assessment of energy issues is mapped to public_acceptance as the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["risk_perception","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"may greatly rely on perceived risks","reading":"hedged claim that public assessment depends on perceived risk, coded as INFLUENCES with unspecified sign","insight":"public evaluation of energy issues is framed as dependent on risk perception rather than on technology alone."}}]},{"id":"schmidt2017a#2","study":"schmidt2017a","text":"If this critique holds true, accurate public risk assessment is partly hampered because media coverage implies uncertainty rather than providing all information available.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["media_narrative","risk_perception"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"if the critique of media risk reporting holds true","note":{"evidence":"accurate public risk assessment is partly hampered","reading":"conditional claim that media coverage limits accurate risk assessment","insight":"media reporting that conveys uncertainty rather than full information could limit accurate public risk perception."}}]},{"id":"schneider2023#1","study":"schneider2023","text":"Biodi-versity agriphotovoltaics, i.e. agriphotovoltaics in combination with biodiversity protection measures, such as flower strips, can make a valuable contribution to promoting biotope connectivity in addition to significant energy production.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["biodiversity_agriphotovoltaics","biotope_connectivity"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"can make a valuable contribution to promoting biotope connectivity","reading":"positive influence stated with a modal hedge, based on a GIS-based assessment","insight":"combining PV with biodiversity measures delivers ecological co-benefits alongside energy production."}}]},{"id":"schnuelle2019#1","study":"schnuelle2019","text":"Slow electricity grid extensions, restrictions in public perception as well as limited transformation progress in other sectors beside electricity cause major drawbacks in greenhouse gas mitigation.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["infrastructure_lock_in","emissions"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"cause major drawbacks in greenhouse gas mitigation","reading":"grid extension delays, public perception limits and slow sector transformation are stated as limiting mitigation","insight":"acceptance-related restrictions are one of several barriers to decarbonisation. Concept approximates slow grid extension."}},{"path":["perception","emissions"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"restrictions in public perception","reading":"public perception restrictions are named as causing drawbacks in mitigation","insight":"public perception is framed as a limiting factor for decarbonisation."}}]},{"id":"schnuelle2019#2","study":"schnuelle2019","text":"However, economics are still the bottleneck for an extensive diffusion: in two scenarios for 2050 PtX may cause additional national annual energy costs between approx. 10 and 100 billion euros compared to an ongoing fossil fuel supply at current price conditions.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["economic_viability","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: two scenarios for 2050","note":{"evidence":"economics are still the bottleneck for an extensive diffusion","reading":"economics block extensive diffusion","insight":"high additional energy costs, not technical feasibility, are the main barrier to PtX scale-up."}}]},{"id":"schoenauer2022#1","study":"schoenauer2022","text":"Yet, for the implementation of hydrogen technologies on a large scale it is necessary to consider social acceptance.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"it is necessary to consider social acceptance","reading":"necessity wording gives ENABLES","insight":"large-scale hydrogen deployment is framed as dependent on social acceptance."}}]},{"id":"schoenauer2022#2","study":"schoenauer2022","text":"However, the high level of acceptance is decreasing when it comes to infrastructure implementation in the own neighbourhood.","zone":"Result","obs":"Site_location stands for infrastructure implementation in the own neighbourhood.","b":[{"path":["site_location","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: infrastructure implementation in own neighbourhood","note":{"evidence":"acceptance is decreasing when it comes to infrastructure implementation in the own neighbourhood","reading":"acceptance drops when the siting is local","insight":"general support for hydrogen does not carry over to local infrastructure siting."}}]},{"id":"schoenauer2022#3","study":"schoenauer2022","text":"The results show that sociodemographic factors, especially the variable age, as well as project-related factors, especially trust in stakeholders, have a high explanatory power.","zone":"Result","obs":"The explained outcome is implied to be acceptance of pipeline infrastructure.","b":[{"path":["trust","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"trust in stakeholders, have a high explanatory power","reading":"explanatory power implies an association with acceptance of pipeline infrastructure, direction not stated","insight":"trust in stakeholders is a key project-related factor in acceptance of hydrogen infrastructure."}}]},{"id":"schriever2018#1","study":"schriever2018","text":"The distributed character of the Energy Transition in Germany demands for further flexibility being introduced to the grid.","zone":"Background","obs":"The excerpt names grid flexibility rather than storage; energy_storage is used as the closest existing concept for the flexibility option, which the next sentence of the abstract introduces.","b":[{"path":["energy_transition","energy_storage"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"demands for further flexibility being introduced to the grid","reading":"the transition's distributed character creates a need for grid flexibility, which motivates storage","insight":"the energy transition creates demand for flexibility, which frames storage acceptance as relevant."}}]},{"id":"schriever2018#2","study":"schriever2018","text":"The results show that organizations in the sample display general knowledge about Energy Storage solutions but do not have in-depth knowledge about modes of deployment.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technology_knowledge","deployment"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"do not have in-depth knowledge about modes of deployment","reading":"knowledge is linked to deployment modes, but no direction of effect is stated","insight":"general awareness of storage coexists with limited deployment knowledge among organizations."}}]},{"id":"schubert2015#1","study":"schubert2015","text":"Beyond that sufficient condition, experience has shown that missing social acceptance may serve as a severe hurdle to the actual implication.","zone":"Background","obs":"The 'actual implication' is read as the implementation of scenario targets.","b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"missing social acceptance may serve as a severe hurdle","reading":"lack of acceptance is framed as a hurdle, so acceptance is coded as a prerequisite for implementation; hedged with 'may'","insight":"technological viability alone is insufficient; acceptance is a further condition for realizing scenarios."}}]},{"id":"schubert2015#2","study":"schubert2015","text":"Furthermore, the functional principles of the surrounding political system may prove inconsistent with the scenario's assumptions or implications.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy_framework","energy_scenario"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"may prove inconsistent with the scenario's assumptions","reading":"political system principles may limit scenario feasibility; speculative wording","insight":"political system logic can undermine otherwise viable scenarios."}}]},{"id":"schubert2015#3","study":"schubert2015","text":"These hurdles may range from subjectively ascribed characteristics of the energy system to political veto-players.","zone":"Result","obs":"Hurdles refer to societal limitations on scenario realization.","b":[{"path":["perception","energy_scenario"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"subjectively ascribed characteristics of the energy system to political veto-players","reading":"perceived system characteristics and veto-players are hurdles; hedged 'may range'","insight":"both perceptual and institutional hurdles limit scenario realization."}}]},{"id":"schumacher2019#1","study":"schumacher2019","text":"Our main findings are that public acceptance is, inter alia, highly dependent on the technology in question, the dimension of social acceptance (community versus socio-political dimension) and previous experiences with RE technologies.","zone":"Result","obs":"Previous experience is coded as knowledge, the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["technology_choice","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"highly dependent on the technology in question","reading":"dependence stated without direction, so INFLUENCES Unspecified","insight":"acceptance varies by technology rather than being uniform across renewable energy."}},{"path":["knowledge","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"previous experiences with RE technologies","reading":"experience is mapped to the existing concept knowledge, direction not given","insight":"prior experience with technologies shapes acceptance."}}]},{"id":"schupp2021#1","study":"schupp2021","text":"Multi-use (MU) of ocean space, meaning the use of the same space by multiple resource users, has emerged as one strategy to address spatial conflicts resulting from an increasing use density.","zone":"Background","obs":"Multi-use is mapped to the existing concept deployment.","b":[{"path":["deployment","conflict"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"strategy to address spatial conflicts","reading":"multi-use is presented as a way to reduce conflicts","insight":"spatial conflicts from use density motivate multi-use; no acceptance finding. Concept 'deployment' stands in for multi-use."}}]},{"id":"schupp2021#2","study":"schupp2021","text":"The past and current public discourse has created a situation where technological readiness has outpaced societal readiness and the discussion is often complicated by the diversity of backgrounds and perceptions of the participants of this discourse.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["perception","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"complicated by the diversity of backgrounds and perceptions","reading":"diverse perceptions complicate discourse, an indirect link to societal readiness","insight":"societal readiness lags technology because stakeholder perceptions diverge."}}]},{"id":"scotti2017#1","study":"scotti2017","text":"The main theoretical assumption is that the sustainable energy policies designed by National (or supra-National) institutions are translated in practice at the local level through performative connections.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Deployment stands in for local translation of policy into practice.","b":[{"path":["policy","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: local level through performative connections","note":{"evidence":"policies designed by National (or supra-National) institutions are translated in practice at the local level","reading":"theoretical assumption, so Hypothetical; policy effect on local practice has no stated direction","insight":"national policy reaches local energy outcomes only via locally enacted connections."}}]},{"id":"scovell2024#1","study":"scovell2024","text":"This research explores how a new concept, support for energy transition narratives, and other commonly applied social licence factors influence local acceptance of large-scale solar farms.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Support refers to support for energy transition narratives.","b":[{"path":["support","community_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"support for energy transition narratives, and other commonly applied social licence factors influence local acceptance","reading":"investigated influence on local acceptance","insight":"broader narrative support is examined alongside social licence factors as a driver of local acceptance."}}]},{"id":"scovell2024#2","study":"scovell2024","text":"Producing renewable electricity re-quires deploying more large-scale renewable technology infrastructure and support of host communities will be paramount.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["community_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"support of host communities will be paramount","reading":"a prerequisite stated as a future requirement","insight":"host community support is framed as necessary for infrastructure rollout."}}]},{"id":"scovell2024#3","study":"scovell2024","text":"Moreover, there is a lack of research considering how broader environmental worldview and beliefs about the energy transition influence local level support for renewable energy infra-structure.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["climate_change_belief","community_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how broader environmental worldview and beliefs about the energy transition influence local level support","reading":"unresolved relation identified as a gap","insight":"effects of broader worldviews on local support remain understudied."}}]},{"id":"scovell2024#4","study":"scovell2024","text":"Results reveal that general support for renewables in the energy transition had relatively strong direct and indirect associations with local acceptance in addition to social licence factors.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["support","community_acceptance"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"relatively strong direct and indirect associations with local acceptance","reading":"association from network modelling, direction not stated explicitly but support and acceptance are aligned","insight":"general support for renewables is strongly linked to local acceptance."}}]},{"id":"scovell2024#5","study":"scovell2024","text":"Conversely, beliefs about the energy transition beyond the role for renewables (i.e., support for the role of natural gas, support for exporting fossil fuels and willingness to make trade-offs for a faster energy transition) had relatively weak effects on local acceptance and other social licence factors.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["climate_change_belief","community_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: beliefs beyond the role for renewables (natural gas, fossil fuel exports, trade-offs)","note":{"evidence":"had relatively weak effects on local acceptance","reading":"weak effect","insight":"beliefs about fossil fuels and trade-offs matter little for local acceptance."}}]},{"id":"scovell2024#6","study":"scovell2024","text":"The findings suggest that individual alignment with broader energy transition narratives explains local solar farm support beyond social licence factors.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["socio-technical_narrative","community_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"individual alignment with broader energy transition narratives explains local solar farm support","reading":"hedged interpretation of findings","insight":"narrative alignment adds explanatory power beyond social licence factors."}}]},{"id":"segura2018#1","study":"segura2018","text":"Most of the review papers concerning tidal energy systems are focused on engineering topics. However, there continues to be limited information as regards other aspects, such as those of an economical, social, political, legislative and environmental nature which, together with their interrelationships, need to be dealt with as a whole in order to detect the key drivers that could affect the success or failure of making tidal energy technologies marketable.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Deployment stands for marketability of tidal technologies; regulatory_framework stands for the legislative aspect among the non-engineering factors.","b":[{"path":["regulatory_framework","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"key drivers that could affect the success or failure of making tidal energy technologies marketable","reading":"economic, social, political, legislative and environmental aspects are presented as possible drivers of marketability, not tested","insight":"non-engineering factors are seen as potentially decisive for tidal technology market success yet remain under-researched."}}]},{"id":"senkpiel2020#1","study":"senkpiel2020","text":"Insights derived from the social sciences are not sufficiently represented in energy system models, but address crucial aspects of the transformation process.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Concept 'knowledge' stands for social science insights; the gap is their under-representation in models.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"address crucial aspects of the transformation process","reading":"social science insights are said to address crucial aspects of the transition, so INFLUENCES with unspecified direction","insight":"social science knowledge matters for the transition yet is missing from the models that inform it."}}]},{"id":"seymour2025#1","study":"seymour2025","text":"The acceptance of these technologies among different societal actors (including publics) will play a significant role in which are backed, available, and used.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["acceptance","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will play a significant role in which are backed, available, and used","reading":"predictive wording about acceptance shaping which technologies are used, so INFLUENCES with unspecified sign","insight":"acceptance by societal actors is framed as a gatekeeper of technology uptake."}}]},{"id":"seymour2025#2","study":"seymour2025","text":"The findings confirm that the factors and actors feeding into the relative `acceptability' of each option are manifold, and that the `acceptance' of each option is tied to factors, such as: (a) the consistency of policy signals from government; (b) the relative affordability of the technology; and (c) both the physical infrastructure and social aspects of the local development context.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concept infrastructure_distance is used as the closest existing concept for local physical infrastructure.","b":[{"path":["policy","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: consistency of government policy signals","note":{"evidence":"acceptance of each option is tied to factors, such as: (a) the consistency of policy signals from government","reading":"association stated without direction","insight":"stable government policy signals matter for acceptance of heating technologies."}},{"path":["cost","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: relative affordability of the technology","note":{"evidence":"the relative affordability of the technology","reading":"affordability is tied to acceptance without stated direction","insight":"affordability is one of several factors shaping acceptance."}},{"path":["infrastructure_distance","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: physical infrastructure and social aspects of the local development context","note":{"evidence":"both the physical infrastructure and social aspects of the local development context","reading":"local context tied to acceptance","insight":"acceptance depends on local physical and social context, not only technology."}}]},{"id":"shahid2022#1","study":"shahid2022","text":"Besides cultural and socioeconomic dynamics, human interaction with technology, and their level of awareness about related policy parameters play critical role in the technology adoption.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_awareness","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"their level of awareness about related policy parameters play critical role in the technology adoption","reading":"stated as established context","insight":"awareness is framed as a key driver of adoption alongside cultural and socioeconomic dynamics."}}]},{"id":"shahid2022#2","study":"shahid2022","text":"Utilizing data from the IPS survey, this study explored the linkage between consumers' inclination to install solar energy systems and their awareness about solar photovoltaics (PV) technology, the cost factor and relevant government policies.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_awareness","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"linkage between consumers' inclination to install solar energy systems and their awareness","reading":"examined link, no answer proposed","insight":"awareness is tested as a correlate of adoption inclination."}},{"path":["cost","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the cost factor","reading":"cost examined as a correlate of inclination","insight":"cost is assessed alongside awareness."}},{"path":["policy","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"relevant government policies","reading":"policy examined as a correlate of inclination","insight":"policy is assessed alongside awareness."}}]},{"id":"shahid2022#3","study":"shahid2022","text":"The study revealed significant correlation between target populace's awareness level and their willingness to become prosumers, highlighting the need for taking policy measures to enhance public awareness on relevant aspects of roof-top solar (RTS) for their due contribution towards sustainable energy solutions in Pakistan.","zone":"Result","obs":"Willingness to become prosumers is coded as adoption.","b":[{"path":["public_awareness","adoption"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"significant correlation between target populace's awareness level and their willingness to become prosumers","reading":"correlation; direction of the correlation is not explicit in the text","insight":"awareness is associated with willingness to become prosumers."}}]},{"id":"shamon2019#1","study":"shamon2019","text":"We found that persuasiveness ratings are driven by arguments' compatibility with respondents' initial attitudes, arguments' quality (i.e., strong, moderate, or weak), and respondents' perceived familiarity with the arguments.","zone":"Result","obs":"Persuasiveness ratings are mapped to the existing concept perception.","b":[{"path":["attitude","perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"driven by arguments' compatibility with respondents' initial attitudes","reading":"initial attitudes drive how persuasive arguments are rated","insight":"prior attitudes shape evaluation of new arguments, favouring attitude-congruent information."}},{"path":["knowledge","perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"respondents' perceived familiarity with the arguments","reading":"perceived familiarity is a driver of persuasiveness ratings","insight":"familiarity with an argument affects how strong it is judged to be."}}]},{"id":"shamon2019#2","study":"shamon2019","text":"This allowed for more nuanced (re)examination of the issue and showed, among other results, that attitude polarization is the exception rather than the rule.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"attitude polarization is the exception rather than the rule","reading":"exposure to conflicting arguments rarely polarizes attitudes","insight":"balanced argument exposure seldom produces polarization."}}]},{"id":"shemesh2024#1","study":"shemesh2024","text":"The findings from three focus groups comprising Israeli dwellers in multi-unit buildings in densely populated areas suggest that the acceptance and adoption of such services are influenced by the availability of on- and offstreet parking, cost of private car ownership, service quality, and trust among users and toward the service provider.","zone":"Result","obs":"Service quality is also named but has no matching concept in the existing list, so it is not chained.","b":[{"path":["site_feasibility","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: availability of on- and offstreet parking","note":{"evidence":"influenced by the availability of on- and offstreet parking","reading":"unsigned influence","insight":"parking availability shapes uptake of shared car services."}},{"path":["cost","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: cost of private car ownership","note":{"evidence":"cost of private car ownership","reading":"unsigned influence","insight":"private ownership cost is a driver of shared service adoption."}},{"path":["trust","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: trust among users and toward the service provider","note":{"evidence":"trust among users and toward the service provider","reading":"unsigned influence","insight":"trust is a social condition for adoption."}}]},{"id":"shemesh2024#2","study":"shemesh2024","text":"Additionally, the study investigates whether the adoption of shared electric vehicle services in residential buildings encourages the installation of rooftop photovoltaic technology.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["adoption","pv_adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: adoption of shared electric vehicle services","note":{"evidence":"encourages the installation of rooftop photovoltaic technology","reading":"question posed without an answer","insight":"tests spillover from shared EV adoption to rooftop PV."}}]},{"id":"shemesh2024#3","study":"shemesh2024","text":"However, the study reveals no significant association between adopting shared electric vehicle services and rooftop solar panel installation among participants.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["adoption","pv_adoption"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: adoption of shared electric vehicle services","note":{"evidence":"no significant association","reading":"non-significance, so inconclusive rather than negated","insight":"shared EV adoption did not go with rooftop PV uptake among participants."}}]},{"id":"shen2024#1","study":"shen2024","text":"Meanwhile, there has been limited analysis of the institutional gaps that lead to local resistance and the dynamic effects of institutional factors on renewable energy implementation at the local level.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Conflict is used as the concept for local resistance.","b":[{"path":["institutional_barrier","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"institutional gaps that lead to local resistance","reading":"the gap is the lack of analysis of this relation, so it is coded as investigated","insight":"institutional shortcomings are an under-studied source of local resistance."}}]},{"id":"shen2024#2","study":"shen2024","text":"Compounded together, these six institutional gaps lead to the buildup of negative experiences interacting with the government and the renewable energy industry and feelings of worry, panic, distrust, and injustice among the local populace.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["institutional_barrier","trust"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"institutional gaps lead to ... distrust","reading":"causal wording, so INFLUENCES with a negative sign","insight":"institutional gaps compound into distrust and perceived injustice."}},{"path":["institutional_barrier","equity_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"feelings of ... injustice","reading":"gaps produce perceived injustice","insight":"injustice perceptions come from institutional design, not just from projects."}}]},{"id":"shen2024#3","study":"shen2024","text":"These ultimately trigger resistance attitudes and the adoption of protest actions, hindering solar farm developments from reaching national policy targets.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["conflict","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"hindering solar farm developments from reaching national policy targets","reading":"resistance blocks deployment","insight":"local resistance stemming from institutional gaps limits attainment of national targets."}}]},{"id":"shen2024#4","study":"shen2024","text":"This study highlights the critical role of multi-level governance in facilitating the energy transition, emphasizing that the successful development of renewable energy requires a robust institutional framework.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy_framework","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"requires a robust institutional framework","reading":"the framework is stated as a prerequisite","insight":"successful renewable deployment depends on robust institutions."}}]},{"id":"shobeiri2024#1","study":"shobeiri2024","text":"The optimization of construction rates using fuzzy logic shows that the pace of deployment is influenced by critical factors such as resource availability, policy support, and public acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy_support","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"pace of deployment is influenced by critical factors such as resource availability, policy support, and public acceptance","reading":"affirmed model finding, direction unspecified","insight":"policy backing shapes how fast clean energy is built."}},{"path":["public_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"pace of deployment is influenced by critical factors such as ... public acceptance","reading":"acceptance is one of several parallel factors","insight":"public acceptance is treated as a modelled determinant of deployment pace."}}]},{"id":"siksnelyte-butkiene2023#1","study":"siksnelyte-butkiene2023","text":"Although renewable energy devices generate clean energy, they also change landscape.","zone":"Background","obs":"Landscape change is mapped to the existing concept landscape_value.","b":[{"path":["deployment","landscape_value"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"they also change landscape","reading":"renewable devices are stated to alter landscape, direction of change unspecified","insight":"clean energy generation comes with landscape trade-offs that bear on local acceptance."}}]},{"id":"siksnelyte-butkiene2023#2","study":"siksnelyte-butkiene2023","text":"The presented framework can be applied for all renewable energy technologies and infrastructure in both urban and rural areas and allows to attain a decision acceptable to the local community.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"The framework is mapped to the generic concept design_adaptation.","b":[{"path":["design_adaptation","community_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: urban and rural areas","note":{"evidence":"allows to attain a decision acceptable to the local community","reading":"the framework is claimed to make community-acceptable decisions possible, not tested","insight":"assessment frameworks are positioned as a route to locally acceptable siting decisions."}}]},{"id":"siksnelyte-butkiene2023a#1","study":"siksnelyte-butkiene2023a","text":"It was revealed that the main enablers encouraging energy prosumption are environmental concern, energy independence, control over energy (micro)generation, new and user-friendly technologies, energy saving and monetization of surplus energy, and stable and clear regulatory framework.","zone":"Result","obs":"Prosumption is mapped to the concept adoption.","b":[{"path":["energy_security","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"main enablers encouraging energy prosumption are ... energy independence","reading":"enablers wording but only encouragement, so INFLUENCES positive","insight":"prosumption is driven by autonomy and control motives as well as economic ones. Prosumption mapped to adoption."}},{"path":["regulatory_framework","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"stable and clear regulatory framework","reading":"listed as an enabler encouraging prosumption","insight":"regulatory stability and clarity are conditions supporting prosumer uptake."}},{"path":["economic_incentive","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: monetization of surplus energy and energy saving","note":{"evidence":"energy saving and monetization of surplus energy","reading":"economic benefits listed as enablers","insight":"financial returns from surplus energy encourage prosumption."}}]},{"id":"siksnelyte-butkiene2023a#2","study":"siksnelyte-butkiene2023a","text":"The main barriers include lack of effective support initiatives, quite slow market pene- tration of innovative technologies, and low level of public awareness and acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":"Prosumption is mapped to the concept adoption.","b":[{"path":["government_support","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"lack of effective support initiatives","reading":"lack of support is coded as the support's own relation, noted as a deficit","insight":"absent support initiatives hold back prosumption."}},{"path":["public_awareness","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"low level of public awareness and acceptance","reading":"deficit of awareness listed as barrier","insight":"limited public awareness constrains prosumer uptake."}}]},{"id":"sirnik2024#1","study":"sirnik2024","text":"Shifts to renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, are crucial for reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_transition","carbon_emissions"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"crucial for reducing carbon emissions","reading":"shifts to renewables stated as reducing emissions","insight":"renewable shifts are framed as a necessary climate response, motivating acceptance research."}}]},{"id":"sirnik2024#2","study":"sirnik2024","text":"Agrivoltaics is a type of multifunctional energy landscape and thus reduces land use conflicts between energy and food production.","zone":"Background","obs":"Land_use_system stands for agrivoltaics as a multifunctional energy landscape.","b":[{"path":["land_use_system","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: conflicts between energy and food production","note":{"evidence":"thus reduces land use conflicts","reading":"multifunctional landscape reduces conflict","insight":"combining land uses is presented as easing competition between energy and food production."}}]},{"id":"sirnik2024#3","study":"sirnik2024","text":"This knowledge gap is critical, as there is clear evidence that landscape change often contributes to low levels of acceptance of solar power installations.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Landscape change is mapped to the existing concept landscape_value.","b":[{"path":["landscape_value","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: solar power installations","note":{"evidence":"landscape change often contributes to low levels of acceptance","reading":"landscape change is asserted to lower acceptance","insight":"visible landscape change is a recurring source of weak acceptance of solar installations."}}]},{"id":"sirnik2024#4","study":"sirnik2024","text":"Policy attention to the siting and design of agrivoltaic systems in the landscape is needed to positively influence social acceptance of this relatively novel solution and thereby advance energy transition.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: siting and design of agrivoltaic systems","note":{"evidence":"needed to positively influence social acceptance","reading":"prescriptive recommendation, so hypothetical","insight":"policy attention to siting and design is proposed as a lever for acceptance of novel agrivoltaics."}},{"path":["social_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"thereby advance energy transition","reading":"acceptance presented as a route to transition","insight":"acceptance is treated as a precondition for advancing the transition."}}]},{"id":"slednev2018#1","study":"slednev2018","text":"Since spatial wind onshore potentials are highest in the West and North of the country, this leads to a high capacity concentration in these areas.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: onshore wind in the West and North","note":{"evidence":"spatial wind onshore potentials are highest in the West and North","reading":"spatial potential leads to capacity concentration, a model result","insight":"spatial resource distribution drives geographically concentrated deployment, which matters for siting acceptance."}}]},{"id":"slednev2018#2","study":"slednev2018","text":"Including solar photovoltaics into the portfolio, particularly rooftop installations, however, leads to a significant cost increase but also to a more scattered capacity installation over the country.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technology_choice","cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: including solar PV, particularly rooftop","note":{"evidence":"leads to a significant cost increase","reading":"model result for portfolio choice","insight":"diversifying toward solar PV raises system cost."}},{"path":["technology_choice","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: including solar PV, particularly rooftop","note":{"evidence":"more scattered capacity installation over the country","reading":"technology choice changes spatial pattern of deployment","insight":"solar inclusion spreads deployment geographically, trading off against cost."}}]},{"id":"smith2025a#1","study":"smith2025a","text":"The decarbonisation of domestic heating is essential for the UK to achieve net zero carbon emissions, but requires significant changes in domestic infrastructure.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concept heating_ecology stands for decarbonisation of domestic heating; the outcome is net zero emissions.","b":[{"path":["heating_ecology","carbon_emissions"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"essential for the UK to achieve net zero carbon emissions","reading":"decarbonised heating is a stated prerequisite for net zero","insight":"heating transition is framed as a necessary step, tied to infrastructure change."}}]},{"id":"smith2025a#2","study":"smith2025a","text":"Public participation plays a pivotal role in this transition, yet public attitudes towards decarbonised heating remain under-researched and poorly understood.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["participation","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Public participation plays a pivotal role in this transition","reading":"participation is presented as key to the transition","insight":"public engagement is central yet attitudes remain poorly understood."}}]},{"id":"smith2025a#3","study":"smith2025a","text":"However, network modelling estimated normative social forces ('social circle' effect) were highly influential in shaping attitudes to decarbonised heating.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_norm","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"normative social forces ('social circle' effect) were highly influential in shaping attitudes","reading":"model-estimated influence","insight":"social circle norms shape heating attitudes more than individual factors."}}]},{"id":"smith2025a#4","study":"smith2025a","text":"When informed, respondent's willingness to adopt decarbonised heating technologies appeared resistant to change, and not strongly influenced any key factors.","zone":"Result","obs":"Key factors are unnamed; information provision is the informed-choice step, so knowledge is used as the concept.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"population: informed respondents","note":{"evidence":"not strongly influenced any key factors","reading":"no strong effect of key factors found, so inconclusive","insight":"willingness to adopt appears stable even after information is provided."}}]},{"id":"solman2021#1","study":"solman2021","text":"Public concerns surrounding landscape conservation, noise pollution and impacts on bird populations are commonly incorporated into the planning phase of wind energy projects.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concerns are coded as public engagement input; no separate concept for the concerns was available.","b":[{"path":["public_engagement","land_use_planning"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"commonly incorporated into the planning phase","reading":"concerns feed planning, stated as established context","insight":"public concerns about landscape, noise and birds enter wind planning, shaping project design."}}]},{"id":"solman2021#2","study":"solman2021","text":"However, public involvement tends to be highly localized and procedural, aimed at informing local stakeholders and gaining their acceptance for implementation.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_engagement","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: localized, procedural involvement","note":{"evidence":"aimed at informing local stakeholders and gaining their acceptance","reading":"involvement is intended to win acceptance","insight":"conventional engagement is framed as an instrument for securing acceptance rather than shared decision-making."}}]},{"id":"soma2015#1","study":"soma2015","text":"Public support and opposition are critical to any future developments of marine areas, and are often neglected aspects.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_support","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: marine areas","note":{"evidence":"Public support and opposition are critical to any future developments of marine areas","reading":"critical wording treated as a prerequisite","insight":"public support is a neglected prerequisite for marine development."}}]},{"id":"soma2015#2","study":"soma2015","text":"People are protesting against offshore wind, and doing so very effectively, preventing and delaying the development of projects.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","citizens"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"People are protesting against offshore wind","reading":"active resistance by an actor group","insight":"protest is effective in blocking and delaying offshore wind projects."}},{"path":["public_support","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"preventing and delaying the development of projects","reading":"opposition obstructs projects","insight":"absence of public support prevents or delays development."}}]},{"id":"soma2019a#1","study":"soma2019a","text":"The assessment shows that, while existing systems of social innovation are favourable to the offshore wind expansions, the barriers to grow for the offshore mussel sector include low willingness to change within the sector, and disadvantageous governmental support to change.","zone":"Result","obs":"Deployment here stands for sector expansion/growth.","b":[{"path":["social_innovation","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: offshore wind expansion","note":{"evidence":"existing systems of social innovation are favourable to the offshore wind expansions","reading":"favourable wording is INFLUENCES positive","insight":"existing social innovation systems support offshore wind growth while other sectors face barriers."}},{"path":["government_support","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: offshore mussel sector","note":{"evidence":"disadvantageous governmental support to change","reading":"the lack of government support is coded under its own relation and noted as a deficit","insight":"inadequate government support hinders sector growth."}}]},{"id":"soma2019a#2","study":"soma2019a","text":"Maritime spatial planning can play a more influential role for change if tackling main challenges, including inclusiveness, accountability, private user rights and realisation of organisation or reorganisation, and if making use of the potentials of knowledge brokers when sectors are advancing with new technologies.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Land_use_planning is used as the closest existing concept for maritime spatial planning.","b":[{"path":["land_use_planning","social_innovation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"condition: tackling challenges such as inclusiveness and accountability, and using knowledge brokers","note":{"evidence":"can play a more influential role for change if tackling main challenges","reading":"conditional prescription, hence hypothetical","insight":"planning's influence on change depends on addressing inclusiveness and accountability."}}]},{"id":"sonnberger2018#1","study":"sonnberger2018","text":"On the basis of our results, we hypothesize that risk-benefit/acceptance and trust/fairness are two main latent dimensions underlying citizens' perception of the energy transition.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Fairness is not an existing concept and is subsumed in the trust/fairness dimension; only trust and risk are coded.","b":[{"path":["risk","perception"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"risk-benefit/acceptance and trust/fairness are two main latent dimensions underlying citizens' perception","reading":"risk-benefit/acceptance dimension is hypothesised as underlying perception of the energy transition, an association without stated direction","insight":"perception of the transition is structured by a risk-benefit/acceptance dimension."}},{"path":["trust","perception"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"trust/fairness are two main latent dimensions underlying citizens' perception","reading":"trust/fairness dimension hypothesised as underlying perception, an association without direction","insight":"trust and fairness form a distinct latent dimension shaping how citizens view the energy transition."}}]},{"id":"sovacool2023#1","study":"sovacool2023","text":"How, where, and when to use these options effectively are, how-ever, polemic, and research examining the social or justice dimen-sions of deployment-actual or prospective-remains uncommon.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Zone is Gap because the sentence points to a lack of research on the social dimensions of deployment.","b":[{"path":["energy_justice","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"research examining the social or justice dimen-sions of deployment ... remains uncommon","reading":"the gap concerns scarce research on how justice and social dimensions relate to deployment, so the evidence is unresolved","insight":"social and justice dimensions of carbon removal deployment are under-researched, leaving their effects unresolved."}}]},{"id":"spada2021#1","study":"spada2021","text":"A comparison between identified risks is carried out, showing that the stimulation and the operational phases exhibit the highest expected and extreme risks, respectively.","zone":"Result","obs":"Plant_construction is used as the closest existing concept for project phases (stimulation, operation).","b":[{"path":["plant_construction","risk"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"phase: stimulation (highest expected risk) and operational (highest extreme risk)","note":{"evidence":"stimulation and the operational phases exhibit the highest expected and extreme risks","reading":"project phase is linked to the level of accident risk","insight":"accident risk is concentrated in particular project phases rather than evenly distributed."}}]},{"id":"spampatti2022#1","study":"spampatti2022","text":"Positive perception of renewable energy systems, including shallow geothermal systems, is essential for a sus-tainable energy transition.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["perception","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"is essential for a sus-tainable energy transition","reading":"essential wording signals a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"public perception is framed as a precondition for the energy transition."}}]},{"id":"spampatti2022#2","study":"spampatti2022","text":"Results of Time 1 (pre-information) indicate affect is positively associated with shallow geothermal systems' evaluations.","zone":"Result","obs":"Affect is mapped to the existing concept attitude and evaluations to perception.","b":[{"path":["attitude","perception"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"phase: Time 1, pre-information","note":{"evidence":"affect is positively associated with shallow geothermal systems' evaluations","reading":"association without a stated causal direction","insight":"feelings and evaluations of the technology move together before any information is given."}}]},{"id":"spampatti2022#3","study":"spampatti2022","text":"At Time 2 (post-information, three weeks later), citizens signif-icantly updated their affect and evaluations with the information provision.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"phase: Time 2, three weeks after information","note":{"evidence":"significantly updated their affect and evaluations with the information provision","reading":"information changes affect and evaluations, direction depends on the valence of the information","insight":"citizens' perceptions of geothermal are malleable by information."}}]},{"id":"spampatti2022#4","study":"spampatti2022","text":"The effect was double for negative over positive information, and enhanced by citizens' biospheric values.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: negative versus positive information; moderator: biospheric values","note":{"evidence":"double for negative over positive information, and enhanced by citizens' biospheric values","reading":"the information effect is larger for negative information and moderated by values","insight":"negativity bias dominates, while values amplify the effect."}}]},{"id":"spampatti2022#5","study":"spampatti2022","text":"At Time 3 (three months post-information) changes were partially retained only in the negative information condition.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"phase: Time 3, three months after information; subgroup: negative information condition","note":{"evidence":"partially retained only in the negative information condition","reading":"persistence of the effect over time differs by information valence","insight":"negative information leaves longer-lasting traces than positive information, whose effects decay."}}]},{"id":"spijkerboer2022#1","study":"spijkerboer2022","text":"Whether geothermal energy is a sustainable source of heat and/or electricity depends on how it is deployed in specific contexts.","zone":"Background","obs":"Sustainability is mapped to the existing concept sustainability_criteria.","b":[{"path":["deployment","sustainability_criteria"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: specific contexts","note":{"evidence":"depends on how it is deployed in specific contexts","reading":"dependency wording, but the direction is unsigned so INFLUENCES with Unspecified","insight":"the sustainability of geothermal energy is context-dependent and shaped by how it is deployed."}}]},{"id":"stadelmann-steffen2021#1","study":"stadelmann-steffen2021","text":"Recent research and real-world processes suggest that effective climate change mitigation policies are not feasible without at least a certain degree of public support.","zone":"Background","obs":"Policy success refers to effective climate change mitigation policies.","b":[{"path":["public_support","policy_success"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"not feasible without at least a certain degree of public support","reading":"public support is stated as a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"policy effectiveness is treated as dependent on a minimum level of public backing."}}]},{"id":"stadelmann-steffen2021#2","study":"stadelmann-steffen2021","text":"Hence, we investigate the link between existing domestic energy policies and individual policy instrument preferences in 21 European countries.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"investigate the link between existing domestic energy policies and individual policy instrument preferences","reading":"a question about the link, direction unspecified","insight":"existing policy is examined as a possible source of citizens' future policy preferences."}}]},{"id":"stadelmann-steffen2021#3","study":"stadelmann-steffen2021","text":"High political trust and strong climate change attitudes are expected to strengthen this relationship.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"moderator: trust; climate_change_belief","note":{"evidence":"expected to strengthen this relationship","reading":"trust and climate attitudes are expected moderators of the policy-preference link","insight":"policy feedback is expected to be conditional on trust and attitudes."}}]},{"id":"stadelmann-steffen2021#4","study":"stadelmann-steffen2021","text":"Our results do not lend support to a general link between existing policies and future policy preferences.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"general population","note":{"evidence":"do not lend support to a general link","reading":"lack of support is non-significance, so Inconclusive","insight":"existing policies do not generally shape preferences."}}]},{"id":"stadelmann-steffen2021#5","study":"stadelmann-steffen2021","text":"However, we find evidence of a positive policy feedback in individuals with strong climate change attitudes and/or high levels of political trust, which, depending on each country's current energy policy, either hinders or facilitates the energy transition.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: individuals with strong climate change attitudes and/or high political trust","note":{"evidence":"evidence of a positive policy feedback in individuals with strong climate change attitudes","reading":"positive feedback found only in subgroups","insight":"policy feedback appears only among trusting, climate-concerned citizens."}},{"path":["policy","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"moderator: country's current energy policy","note":{"evidence":"either hinders or facilitates the energy transition","reading":"effect direction depends on the existing national policy","insight":"feedback can reinforce either progress or inertia."}}]},{"id":"stalker2022#1","study":"stalker2022","text":"However, previous research finds that risk perception issues are particularly challenging for emerging and potentially unfamiliar technologies.","zone":"Background","obs":"Technology_acceptance is implied by the challenge framing; the excerpt does not name acceptance explicitly.","b":[{"path":["risk_perception","technology_acceptance"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: emerging and unfamiliar technologies","note":{"evidence":"risk perception issues are particularly challenging for emerging and potentially unfamiliar technologies","reading":"risk perception framed as a challenge, coded as a constraint on acceptance","insight":"unfamiliarity makes risk perception a particular obstacle for new technologies."}}]},{"id":"stalker2022#2","study":"stalker2022","text":"Communication and engagement are critical to ensure 1) communities and stakeholders are able to come to informed decisions on hydrogen and 2) developers, operators and regulators are able to respond to societal concerns and adapt practices appropriately.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","public_engagement"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Communication and engagement are critical to ensure","reading":"stated as a prerequisite","insight":"communication and engagement are needed for informed community decisions and for developers to adapt to concerns."}}]},{"id":"stalker2022#3","study":"stalker2022","text":"We argue that site-specific communication and engagement strategies, underpinned by broad-based principles covering the entire span of the project and a clear rationale for how hydrogen benefits the climate and the most vulnerable members of society under an energy crisis, will be critical to fostering societal support for geological hydrogen storage.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","public_support"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: site-specific strategies covering the entire project span","note":{"evidence":"will be critical to fostering societal support","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so Hypothetical","insight":"support depends on site-specific communication with clear climate and vulnerable-group benefit rationale."}}]},{"id":"stauffacher2015#1","study":"stauffacher2015","text":"Its success will depend both on technological progress and on public reaction to this technology.","zone":"Background","obs":"Both bundles code the claim that geothermal success depends on technology and public reaction. 'Success' is read as deployment.","b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will depend both on technological progress and on public reaction","reading":"dependency wording gives ENABLES with prerequisites first; success is read as deployment, and public reaction as public acceptance","insight":"deployment is framed as requiring public reaction as well as technical progress."}},{"path":["public_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will depend both on technological progress and on public reaction","reading":"dependency wording gives ENABLES with prerequisites first; success is read as deployment, and public reaction as public acceptance","insight":"deployment is framed as requiring public reaction as well as technical progress."}}]},{"id":"stauffacher2015#2","study":"stauffacher2015","text":"We discuss how these frames might impede the future development of deep geothermal energy and conclude by stressing the importance of transparency and public engagement in the siting process of future geothermal projects.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["media_narrative","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"these frames might impede the future development","reading":"hedged 'might' marks a possible constraint, not a measured one","insight":"media frames, especially risk framing, may restrict geothermal development."}},{"path":["public_engagement","site_location"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: siting process of future projects","note":{"evidence":"importance of transparency and public engagement in the siting process","reading":"a recommendation, so hypothetical","insight":"engagement is positioned as important for siting."}}]},{"id":"steeneveldt2006a#1","study":"steeneveldt2006a","text":"Widespread implementation of fully-integrated CO2 value chains will nonetheless depend on achieving public acceptance and regulatory approval for CO2 storage, cost reduction for CO2 capture and sufficient economic incentives for the key actors involved.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will nonetheless depend on achieving public acceptance","reading":"dependency wording gives a prerequisite, a future requirement so Hypothetical","insight":"public acceptance is one of several necessary conditions for CCS deployment."}},{"path":["regulatory_support","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"regulatory approval for CO2 storage","reading":"listed as a prerequisite for implementation","insight":"regulatory approval is a parallel necessary condition alongside acceptance."}},{"path":["cost","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: CO2 capture","note":{"evidence":"cost reduction for CO2 capture","reading":"cost reduction is required, so cost limits deployment","insight":"high capture cost is a barrier to be overcome."}},{"path":["economic_incentive","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: key actors involved","note":{"evidence":"sufficient economic incentives for the key actors","reading":"stated as a prerequisite","insight":"actor incentives are required for implementation."}}]},{"id":"steeneveldt2006a#2","study":"steeneveldt2006a","text":"The adequacy of economic incentives will strongly influence how quickly producers and users of fossil fuels are able to close the knowing-doing gap for CO2 capture and storage.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Closing the knowing-doing gap is interpreted as adoption of CCS.","b":[{"path":["economic_incentive","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: producers and users of fossil fuels","note":{"evidence":"will strongly influence how quickly","reading":"predictive wording; closing the knowing-doing gap is coded as adoption","insight":"incentives determine the speed of translating CCS knowledge into practice."}}]},{"id":"steg2015a#1","study":"steg2015a","text":"We discuss three main factors that influence sustainable energy behaviors: knowledge, motivations, and contextual factors.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concept intrinsic_driver stands for motivations; contextual factors are not coded separately because they are not specified.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","behavioural_change"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"three main factors that influence sustainable energy behaviors","reading":"knowledge named as an influencing factor, no direction given","insight":"sustainable energy behaviour rests partly on what people know.","mechanism":"not stated"}},{"path":["intrinsic_driver","behavioural_change"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"motivations","reading":"motivations are listed as an influencing factor, direction unspecified","insight":"motivation is a distinct driver alongside knowledge and context.","mechanism":"not stated"}}]},{"id":"steg2015a#2","study":"steg2015a","text":"Interventions can be aimed at changing the actual costs and benefits of behavior, or at changing people's perceptions and evaluations of different costs and benefits of behavioral options.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["cost","behavioural_change"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: interventions changing actual costs and benefits","note":{"evidence":"changing the actual costs and benefits of behavior","reading":"interventions are described as possible routes to change","insight":"interventions may work by altering real costs and benefits.","mechanism":"not stated"}},{"path":["perception","behavioural_change"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: interventions changing perceptions and evaluations of costs and benefits","note":{"evidence":"changing people's perceptions and evaluations","reading":"an alternative intervention route, framed as possible","insight":"behaviour may be shifted through perceived rather than actual costs and benefits.","mechanism":"not stated"}}]},{"id":"steinberger2020#1","study":"steinberger2020","text":"The game proves to help elicit valid preferences of the participants and lead to measurable learning effects about this complex, multi-dimensional topic.","zone":"Result","obs":"The game is the intervention; it is mapped here to technology_assessment as the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["technology_assessment","knowledge"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"lead to measurable learning effects","reading":"the game is stated to produce learning","insight":"participatory game formats can build knowledge while eliciting preferences on complex siting topics."}}]},{"id":"steller2024#1","study":"steller2024","text":"The anticipated surge in hydrogen energy adoption underscores the pivotal role of social acceptance in determining the viability of hydrogen technologies (HTs).","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","viability"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"pivotal role of social acceptance in determining the viability","reading":"acceptance is framed as determining viability, read as a prerequisite","insight":"acceptance is treated as a precondition for hydrogen technology viability."}}]},{"id":"steller2024#2","study":"steller2024","text":"Drawing from 39 studies, it highlights key acceptance factors: trust, environmental attitudes, subjective knowledge, and perceived risks.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["trust","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"key acceptance factors: trust","reading":"listed as a key factor, direction not given","insight":"trust is a recurrent determinant of hydrogen acceptance."}},{"path":["attitude","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: environmental attitudes","note":{"evidence":"environmental attitudes","reading":"key acceptance factor, direction unspecified","insight":"environmental orientation shapes acceptance."}},{"path":["knowledge","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: subjective knowledge","note":{"evidence":"subjective knowledge","reading":"key acceptance factor, direction unspecified","insight":"self-assessed knowledge matters for acceptance."}},{"path":["risk_perception","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"perceived risks","reading":"key acceptance factor, direction unspecified","insight":"perceived risk is a core determinant of acceptance."}}]},{"id":"stelmach2023a#1","study":"stelmach2023a","text":"Yet, the broad deployment of marine energy technologies like wave energy will depend on public support, making it critical to identify the relevant factors associated with public attitudes and risk/benefit perceptions.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_support","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will depend on public support","reading":"deployment is stated as dependent on support, so support is a prerequisite and the claim is a prediction","insight":"public support is framed as a precondition for marine energy scale-up."}}]},{"id":"stelmach2023a#2","study":"stelmach2023a","text":"We used logistic regression to identify factors correlated with wave energy attitudes, finding that respondents who were more supportive of wind and solar energy, more optimistic about new technology, and reported more familiarity with wave energy were significantly more likely to have a positive impression of wave energy.","zone":"Result","obs":"Familiarity is coded as knowledge.","b":[{"path":["support","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: respondents supportive of wind and solar energy","note":{"evidence":"more supportive of wind and solar energy","reading":"correlational finding from regression","insight":"support for established renewables spills over to attitudes toward emerging wave energy."}},{"path":["optimism","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: respondents optimistic about new technology","note":{"evidence":"more optimistic about new technology","reading":"correlational finding","insight":"general technology optimism predicts favourable wave energy impressions."}},{"path":["knowledge","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: respondents more familiar with wave energy","note":{"evidence":"reported more familiarity with wave energy","reading":"correlational finding","insight":"familiarity goes with positive impressions despite generally low familiarity."}}]},{"id":"stelmach2023a#3","study":"stelmach2023a","text":"Respondents with higher levels of place attachment to coastal areas were more split, as they perceived higher benefits of wave energy - but also higher risks.","zone":"Result","obs":"Benefit perception is coded generically as perception.","b":[{"path":["place_attachment","risk_perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: attachment to coastal areas","note":{"evidence":"but also higher risks","reading":"higher attachment goes with higher perceived risks","insight":"place attachment polarizes views by raising both perceived benefits and risks."}},{"path":["place_attachment","perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: perceived benefits of wave energy","note":{"evidence":"perceived higher benefits of wave energy","reading":"attachment goes with higher perceived benefits","insight":"attachment is ambivalent, not simply oppositional."}}]},{"id":"stelmach2023a#4","study":"stelmach2023a","text":"The role of place attachment to coastal areas must be taken seriously or risk alienating local communities.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["place_attachment","community_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"risk alienating local communities","reading":"a prescriptive warning, not a measured result","insight":"neglecting place attachment may undermine local acceptance despite broad appeal."}}]},{"id":"stephanides2019a#1","study":"stephanides2019a","text":"Renewable and smart grid technologies play a key role in delivering a sustainable energy future for non-interconnected islands.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concepts are mapped to existing generic terms: renewable and smart grid technologies as technology_choice, sustainable energy future as energy_transition.","b":[{"path":["technology_choice","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: non-interconnected islands","note":{"evidence":"play a key role in delivering a sustainable energy future","reading":"key role is read as enabling, with the technologies as prerequisite","insight":"technology deployment is framed as necessary for island energy transitions."}}]},{"id":"stephanides2019a#2","study":"stephanides2019a","text":"In this context, societal acceptance of proposed interventions manifests itself as a major determinant of planned transitions.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"major determinant of planned transitions","reading":"determinant is causal wording, and the direction is not stated, so Positive is inferred from the acceptance framing","insight":"acceptance is presented as decisive for whether planned transitions succeed."}}]},{"id":"stephanides2019b#1","study":"stephanides2019b","text":"However, past research at an international level suggests that local opposition might undermine otherwise promising transition plans.","zone":"Background","obs":"Opposition is attributed to past international research.","b":[{"path":["energy_transition","residents"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"local opposition might undermine otherwise promising transition plans","reading":"opposition by locals framed as a possible threat, hedged with might","insight":"local resistance can derail technically promising transition plans."}}]},{"id":"stephanides2019b#2","study":"stephanides2019b","text":"Numerous personal/demographic factors influence the likelihood of accepting specific sustainable energy technologies and, subsequently, only a group of individuals who are young, male, knowledgeable and concerned about the environment are expected to support the proposed technological transition.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","technology_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Numerous personal/demographic factors influence the likelihood of accepting","reading":"direction unspecified","insight":"acceptance is unevenly distributed across demographic groups."}},{"path":["knowledge","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: young, male islanders","note":{"evidence":"young, male, knowledgeable and concerned about the environment are expected to support","reading":"support expected only for a specific segment","insight":"full replication support is limited to a narrow segment."}}]},{"id":"stephens2008#1","study":"stephens2008","text":"Stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases to reduce the risks of climate change requires a major transition in society's energy infrastructure; yet despite a growing sense of urgency, deployment of alternative emerging energy technologies has been slow and uncertain.","zone":"Background","obs":"Emissions stands in for stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations to reduce climate risks.","b":[{"path":["energy_transition","emissions"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"requires a major transition in society's energy infrastructure","reading":"stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations is stated as requiring the transition, so it is a prerequisite","insight":"climate goals depend on an energy transition that is progressing slowly."}}]},{"id":"stephens2008#2","study":"stephens2008","text":"This paper proposes a systematic, interdisciplinary framework for the integrated analysis of regulatory, legal, political, economic, and social factors that influence energy technology deployment decisions at the state level to enhance awareness of the interconnections and enable improved energy policy and planning and accelerated change in society's energy infrastructure.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["regulatory_framework","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: state level","note":{"evidence":"factors that influence energy technology deployment decisions","reading":"the framework proposes analysing these factors as influences on deployment, with no direction stated","insight":"deployment is framed as shaped by interlinked institutional and social factors."}}]},{"id":"stephens2008#3","study":"stephens2008","text":"This framework, Socio-Political Evaluation of Energy Deployment, (SPEED), integrates analysis of laws, regulations, institutions and policy actors as well as varying regional perceptions and levels of awareness about the risks and benefits of emerging energy technologies to facilitate improved understanding of the complex interconnected components of state energy systems.","zone":"Object","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["risk_perception","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: varying regional perceptions and awareness","note":{"evidence":"perceptions and levels of awareness about the risks and benefits","reading":"the framework treats perceptions as a component of the system shaping deployment","insight":"regional differences in risk awareness are treated as part of deployment dynamics."}}]},{"id":"stober2021#1","study":"stober2021","text":"Recent literature highlights that the quality of participatory planning is decisive for the acceptance of renewable energy technologies.","zone":"Background","obs":"Established claim from prior literature, not this study's finding.","b":[{"path":["participation","technology_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"quality of participatory planning is decisive for the acceptance","reading":"causal wording of decisive influence, direction positive","insight":"the quality of participation, not mere presence, is framed as the determinant of acceptance."}}]},{"id":"streimikiene2021#1","study":"streimikiene2021","text":"Renewable energy generation that is allowing for deeper involvement of the citizens may render higher social acceptance, which, in turn, fuels the low-carbon energy transition.","zone":"Background","obs":"The citizens concept is used for the involvement of citizens in renewable energy generation.","b":[{"path":["citizens","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"may render higher social acceptance","reading":"hedged claim that deeper citizen involvement raises acceptance, so INFLUENCES positive and Hypothetical","insight":"citizen involvement is presented as a route to higher acceptance, which then feeds the transition","mechanism":"involvement through renewable generation."}},{"path":["social_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"which, in turn, fuels the low-carbon energy transition","reading":"acceptance is stated to drive the transition","insight":"acceptance acts as a driver of the low-carbon transition, not merely an outcome."}}]},{"id":"streimikiene2021#2","study":"streimikiene2021","text":"Even though renewable energy consumption provides a lot of benefits and opportunities for rural communities, the fast penetration of renewables and energy prosumption encounter several important barriers in the rural areas.","zone":"Gap","obs":"The barrier type is not specified in the excerpt; social_barrier is the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["social_barrier","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: rural areas","note":{"evidence":"encounter several important barriers in the rural areas","reading":"barriers are stated to hinder fast penetration of renewables and prosumption","insight":"despite benefits for rural communities, unspecified barriers slow renewable uptake."}}]},{"id":"suarez-paba2022#1","study":"suarez-paba2022","text":"By evaluating their safety performance, their engagement to develop cooperation mechanisms with local authorities and neighboring communities, and their commitment to disclose risk information, among other aspects, the framework, and the rating system, seek to contribute to overall territorial resilience.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Concepts are loose approximations of the excerpt; territorial resilience has no exact existing concept.","b":[{"path":["stakeholder_assurance","viability"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"seek to contribute to overall territorial resilience","reading":"weak fit, the framework is expected to contribute to resilience","insight":"rating of facility engagement and disclosure is expected to support territorial resilience."}}]},{"id":"sutterlin2017a#1","study":"sutterlin2017a","text":"Public acceptance and perception of renewable energy sources are key factors for successfully accomplishing an energy transition.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"key factors for successfully accomplishing an energy transition","reading":"key factor wording treated as prerequisite","insight":"acceptance and perception are framed as necessary conditions for transition success."}}]},{"id":"sutterlin2017a#2","study":"sutterlin2017a","text":"Results showed that people do not think about drawbacks related to renewables when they consider it from a general, more abstract, perspective. However, when downsides are specifically addressed, people integrate these into their evaluation, thus diminishing acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":"Drawbacks are coded as risk_perception, the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["risk_perception","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: downsides specifically addressed (concrete level) rather than abstract level","note":{"evidence":"when downsides are specifically addressed, people integrate these into their evaluation, thus diminishing acceptance","reading":"explicit drawbacks lower acceptance","insight":"abstract opinion polls may overestimate acceptance because drawbacks are not spontaneously considered."}}]},{"id":"sutterlin2017a#3","study":"sutterlin2017a","text":"Even the highly positive imagery of solar power is relativized and acceptance decreases.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["perception","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: after drawbacks are addressed","note":{"evidence":"positive imagery of solar power is relativized and acceptance decreases","reading":"positive imagery is weakened once drawbacks are raised, and acceptance falls","insight":"positive imagery does not protect acceptance from concrete downsides."}}]},{"id":"szulecki2024#1","study":"szulecki2024","text":"We find that socioeconomic conditions outweigh ageism, that is, the resilience of senior citizens in dealing with energy poverty during a transition is conditioned by their material standing and welfare state robustness rather than age based.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concepts approximate socioeconomic conditions and vulnerability to energy poverty.","b":[{"path":["local_economic_conditions","vulnerable_households"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"resilience of senior citizens in dealing with energy poverty during a transition is conditioned by their material standing and welfare state robustness","reading":"material standing conditions resilience to energy poverty, not age","insight":"socioeconomic position rather than age shapes vulnerability in transitions."}}]},{"id":"szulecki2024#2","study":"szulecki2024","text":"An important factor is household heating technology, combined with economic vulnerability can push some individuals into energy poverty, while others using alternative sources of heat can navigate through energy crises unscathed.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technology_choice","vulnerable_households"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"joint with: economic vulnerability","note":{"evidence":"household heating technology, combined with economic vulnerability can push some individuals into energy poverty","reading":"heating technology acts jointly with economic vulnerability","insight":"heating source differentiates who falls into energy poverty."}}]},{"id":"szulecki2024#3","study":"szulecki2024","text":"Lower levels of digital competences among senior citizens certainly play a role and need to be addressed with education programs to increase participation.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["education_training","participation"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: senior citizens","note":{"evidence":"need to be addressed with education programs to increase participation","reading":"education programs are prescribed as needed for participation","insight":"digital competence gaps limit seniors' participation in the transition."}}]},{"id":"tahir2024#1","study":"tahir2024","text":"Beyond the technical and economic considerations, social acceptance will be immensely important if microgrids are to be widely adopted by the people who live in these communities.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"social acceptance will be immensely important if microgrids are to be widely adopted","reading":"acceptance framed as prerequisite for wide adoption, a prediction","insight":"acceptance is positioned as necessary beyond technical and economic considerations."}}]},{"id":"tahir2024#2","study":"tahir2024","text":"This requires complex community engagement strategies delivered by knowledgeable practitioners, encouraging collaborative participation and active community involvement in decision-making.","zone":"Background","obs":"'This' refers to achieving social acceptance of microgrids.","b":[{"path":["community_engagement","social_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"This requires complex community engagement strategies","reading":"'requires' marks engagement as a prerequisite for acceptance","insight":"acceptance depends on complex, skilled engagement that fosters participation."}}]},{"id":"tahir2024#3","study":"tahir2024","text":"The study revealed major community engagement challenges, including inadequate funding, low energy literacy levels, and engagement fatigue.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["funding","community_engagement"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"inadequate funding","reading":"funding shortfall is reported as a challenge limiting engagement","insight":"resource shortages directly limit engagement capacity."}},{"path":["energy_literacy","community_engagement"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"low energy literacy levels","reading":"lack of literacy is coded as the literacy factor's own limiting relation","insight":"low community knowledge hampers engagement."}}]},{"id":"tahir2024#4","study":"tahir2024","text":"The findings also suggest that due to the inherent complexity of microgrids, these projects need to take an iterative and flexible approach, planning for expansive and resource-intensive engagement with the community to be effective.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["community_engagement","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: iterative, flexible and resource-intensive engagement","note":{"evidence":"need to take an iterative and flexible approach","reading":"prescriptive requirement for effective projects","insight":"microgrid complexity demands expansive, flexible engagement for project effectiveness."}}]},{"id":"takacs2019#1","study":"takacs2019","text":"However, the visual impacts of wind farms are still one of the most controversial effects of wind energy development.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["visual_impact","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"one of the most controversial effects of wind energy development","reading":"controversy of visual impact is framed as an obstacle to development, a loose reading","insight":"visual impact is a persistent source of controversy in wind development."}}]},{"id":"takacs2019#2","study":"takacs2019","text":"Field visits and data from a public survey are used to assess the accuracy of visualisations and to examine the effect of camera lens focal length on perception of scale of wind turbines.","zone":"Method","obs":"Camera focal length is mapped to design_adaptation as the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["design_adaptation","perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"effect of camera lens focal length on perception of scale","reading":"tested effect of focal length on perceived scale","insight":"visualisation technique choices may shape how turbine scale is perceived."}}]},{"id":"takacs2019#3","study":"takacs2019","text":"These findings imply that the panoramic visualisation technique, which has been used for decades to predict the scale of wind turbines in VIAs, is ineffective in predicting accurately the visual impact of wind farms, and an alternative predictive technique is needed.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["design_adaptation","visual_impact"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: panoramic photomontage","note":{"evidence":"is ineffective in predicting accurately the visual impact","reading":"the technique fails to represent visual impact accurately","insight":"a long-standing visualisation practice misrepresents visual impact, which undermines assessment."}}]},{"id":"tenberge2025#1","study":"tenberge2025","text":"It does so by exploring how the multiple roles that authors of women's guides identified with in the Dutch energy transition to gas and electricity influenced the historical narratives on technological development they constructed.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_identity_role","socio-technical_narrative"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how the multiple roles ... influenced the historical narratives","reading":"aim asking how roles shape narratives, so Investigated","insight":"the roles people hold in everyday life shape how they narrate technological development."}}]},{"id":"tenberge2025#2","study":"tenberge2025","text":"Identification with a political current guided the perception of the future history progressed towards.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["political_identification","perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Identification with a political current guided the perception of the future","reading":"stated as a finding, direction unspecified","insight":"political affiliation frames how authors envision the future of the transition."}}]},{"id":"tenberge2025#3","study":"tenberge2025","text":"The article concludes that in the studied transition, author agency, women's organization agency and political current agency simultaneously influenced the construction of historical narratives in a layered fashion.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["agency","socio-technical_narrative"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"joint with: author agency, women's organization agency, political current agency","note":{"evidence":"simultaneously influenced the construction of historical narratives in a layered fashion","reading":"the three agency levels act together","insight":"narrative construction results from layered, simultaneous agency rather than a single actor level."}}]},{"id":"thorleifson2005#1","study":"thorleifson2005","text":"Progress is readily achievable in undeformed strata, while deformed strata present far greater challenges.","zone":"Result","obs":"This sentence concerns geological modeling, not energy technology acceptance; the concepts are new to the project vocabulary.","b":[{"path":["deformed_strata","progress"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"deformed strata present far greater challenges","reading":"deformed strata hinder modeling progress","insight":"geological complexity limits how quickly 3-D modeling can advance."}}]},{"id":"thunshirn2025#1","study":"thunshirn2025","text":"While these measures can contribute to decarbonization, they also raise questions about unequal accessibility for different social strata.","zone":"Background","obs":"Measures refer to HEMS for efficiency, flexibility and renewable integration.","b":[{"path":["energy_efficiency","inequality"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"raise questions about unequal accessibility for different social strata","reading":"raised as a question, so hypothetical","insight":"energy measures may widen inequality in access even while supporting decarbonization."}}]},{"id":"thunshirn2025#2","study":"thunshirn2025","text":"People with limited financial means and lower digital competencies may have greater difficulty participating in such measures, while others can more easily reap the benefits.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["capital","participation"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: people with limited financial means","note":{"evidence":"limited financial means ... greater difficulty participating","reading":"hedged with may","insight":"financial resources shape who can take part in energy measures."}},{"path":["knowledge","participation"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: people with lower digital competencies","note":{"evidence":"lower digital competencies may have greater difficulty participating","reading":"hedged with may","insight":"digital skills act as a barrier to participation."}}]},{"id":"thunshirn2025#3","study":"thunshirn2025","text":"By aggregating multiple digitalization indicators of residential smart energy use, it shows how HEMS adoption is influenced by socio-demographic characteristics, digital competency, social status, modernity, and housing situation.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"HEMS adoption is influenced by socio-demographic characteristics, digital competency, social status, modernity, and housing situation","reading":"factors grouped as personal and social factors","insight":"adoption is shaped by social position and context."}}]},{"id":"thunshirn2025#4","study":"thunshirn2025","text":"The results show that those of higher social status, who live in single-family homes and have greater concerns about climate change, use significantly more HEMS technologies.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["climate_change_belief","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"joint with: higher social status, single-family homes","note":{"evidence":"greater concerns about climate change, use significantly more HEMS technologies","reading":"significant association found","insight":"climate concern accompanies higher adoption alongside privileged status."}}]},{"id":"thunshirn2025#5","study":"thunshirn2025","text":"Also, men and younger residents adopt more HEMS technologies while income and education level are not significant.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["gender","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: men","note":{"evidence":"men and younger residents adopt more HEMS technologies","reading":"men adopt more","insight":"adoption is gendered."}},{"path":["education_training","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"income and education level are not significant","reading":"non-significance, so inconclusive","insight":"conventional socioeconomic indicators did not explain adoption."}}]},{"id":"thunshirn2025#6","study":"thunshirn2025","text":"A moderation analysis shows that HEMS adoption is moderated by the housing type, with home ownership as an enabling factor for adoption.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["property_ownership","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"moderator: housing type","note":{"evidence":"home ownership as an enabling factor for adoption","reading":"ownership described as enabling","insight":"housing tenure and type condition who can adopt HEMS."}}]},{"id":"tidwell2022#1","study":"tidwell2022","text":"These value systems and how they shape the perception of who and where alternative energy belongs will shape who does or does not have the opportunity to participate in these alternative visions of energy.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["perception","participation"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will shape who does or does not have the opportunity to participate","reading":"predictive claim about value-shaped perceptions affecting participation, so Hypothetical","insight":"perceptions of who and where alternative energy belongs can determine who gets to participate."}}]},{"id":"tidwell2022#2","study":"tidwell2022","text":"Rather than see adoption/non-adoption as a purely ``technical'' matter, students brought their own perceptions of regional, social, and political differences to characterize the potential acceptability of each technology.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["perception","technology_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: engineering students","note":{"evidence":"students brought their own perceptions of regional, social, and political differences to characterize the potential acceptability","reading":"finding that perceptions shape judged acceptability rather than technical factors alone","insight":"acceptability is framed through social and regional stereotypes, not only technical considerations."}}]},{"id":"tidwell2022#3","study":"tidwell2022","text":"These insights elucidate the importance of `engineers' value systems as they continue to play a significant role in shaping the development of alternative energy technologies and markets.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Value systems are coded as perception, and development of technologies and markets as deployment.","b":[{"path":["perception","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: engineers","note":{"evidence":"play a significant role in shaping the development of alternative energy technologies and markets","reading":"engineers' value systems (coded as perception) shape development","insight":"engineers' values act as a hidden influence on how alternative energy develops."}}]},{"id":"todorov2024#1","study":"todorov2024","text":"The sustainable energy transition to a low-carbon and climate-neutral economy by 2050 requires a consistent increase in the share of renewable energy sources (RESs) at the expense of the share of fossil fuels.","zone":"Background","obs":"Renewable deployment is mapped to the existing concept deployment.","b":[{"path":["deployment","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"requires a consistent increase in the share of renewable energy sources","reading":"requirement wording gives ENABLES with prerequisite first","insight":"the transition is framed as dependent on renewables displacing fossil fuels."}}]},{"id":"todorov2024#2","study":"todorov2024","text":"Three groups of critical gaps (socioeconomic, sociotechnical and cultural and political) were indicated, claimed to be capable of guiding the just transition.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["sociotechnical_approach","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"claimed to be capable of guiding the just transition","reading":"the gaps are claimed, not tested, as guides for the transition","insight":"identifying socioeconomic, sociotechnical and political gaps is presented as a route to a just transition."}}]},{"id":"todorov2024#3","study":"todorov2024","text":"The observations allowed us to conclude that in addition to the efforts achieved and ambitious political will, the identification of reliable technological and socioeconomic measures is needed more than ever (accompanied by interdisciplinary research involving the technical, social and environmental and policy factors), while renewables still have long way to go towards complete substitution of the fossil fuels for power generation, transport, and manufacturing.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"identification of reliable technological and socioeconomic measures is needed more than ever","reading":"a stated need is a prerequisite and a prescription, hence hypothetical","insight":"progress depends on reliable measures and interdisciplinary research, not only political will."}}]},{"id":"torvanger2023#1","study":"torvanger2023","text":"Public procurement conditional on climate-friendly operation is catalyzing a transition to battery-electric operation, where most ferries will be battery-electric or fueled by hydrogen by 2030.","zone":"Background","obs":"Policy here refers to public procurement conditions.","b":[{"path":["policy","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: public procurement conditional on climate-friendly operation, ferries","note":{"evidence":"Public procurement conditional on climate-friendly operation is catalyzing a transition","reading":"catalyzing wording presented as established context, treated as making the transition possible","insight":"procurement requirements act as a policy lever that drives uptake of battery-electric maritime operation."}}]},{"id":"torvanger2023#2","study":"torvanger2023","text":"Norway's experience indicates that there is a sizable potential for reducing CO2 emissions for public procurement conditional on climate-friendly solutions for short-sea shipping in other shipping nations.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["policy","emissions"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: short-sea shipping in other shipping nations","note":{"evidence":"sizable potential for reducing CO2 emissions for public procurement conditional on climate-friendly solutions","reading":"transfer of the Norwegian experience to other nations is a projection, not tested","insight":"climate-conditional procurement is presented as a transferable lever for cutting shipping emissions."}}]},{"id":"trandafir2023#1","study":"trandafir2023","text":"Community Benefit Agreements (CBAs) have emerged as a strategy to mitigate these adverse effects.","zone":"Background","obs":"CBAs are mapped to the existing concept benefit_distribution.","b":[{"path":["benefit_distribution","social_consequence"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"strategy to mitigate these adverse effects","reading":"CBAs are framed as limiting negative impacts","insight":"benefit agreements are positioned as a remedy for host-community burdens of solar development."}}]},{"id":"trandafir2023#2","study":"trandafir2023","text":"Moreover, values play a significant role in shaping preferences within each group, with biospherism correlating with greater support for mandated, private benefits among respondents in the reluctant and receptive groups.","zone":"Result","obs":"Biospherism is a value type, mapped to personal_and_social_factors.","b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: reluctant and receptive groups","note":{"evidence":"values play a significant role in shaping preferences","reading":"values affect preferences, direction unspecified","insight":"value orientations differentiate preferences within latent classes."}},{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: reluctant and receptive groups; setting: biospheric values and mandated, private benefits","note":{"evidence":"biospherism correlating with greater support for mandated, private benefits","reading":"correlational wording","insight":"biospheric values go with support for mandated private benefits."}}]},{"id":"trandafir2023#3","study":"trandafir2023","text":"Conversely, hedonistic values predict a greater inclination among the reluctant group to live further away from solar developments.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","infrastructure_distance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: reluctant group; setting: hedonistic values","note":{"evidence":"hedonistic values predict a greater inclination","reading":"predictive wording","insight":"hedonistic values among reluctant residents go with preferring distance from solar sites."}}]},{"id":"trisiah2022#1","study":"trisiah2022","text":"Public perceptions of emergent low-carbon technologies, such as geothermal energy, impact the speed of energy transitions.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["perception","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"impact the speed of energy transitions","reading":"stated as established context with an unsigned impact, so INFLUENCES Unspecified","insight":"public perceptions of emergent technologies are treated as a pacing factor for energy transitions."}}]},{"id":"trisiah2022#2","study":"trisiah2022","text":"Such perceptions are largely shaped by how the media portray such technologies.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["media_narrative","perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"largely shaped by how the media portray","reading":"media portrayal is the stated shaper of perceptions, direction not specified","insight":"media framing is a key channel through which public perceptions of low-carbon technologies are formed."}}]},{"id":"troendle2023#1","study":"troendle2023","text":"However, implementing policy changes in these sectors can have an immediate and significant impact on people's day-to-day life, leading to a higher risk of political backlash, as exemplified by the yellow vest movement in France.","zone":"Background","obs":"Conflict is used as a proxy for political backlash.","b":[{"path":["policy","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"leading to a higher risk of political backlash","reading":"policy changes affecting daily life raise backlash risk","insight":"policy changes touching daily life can provoke political backlash, threatening decarbonisation."}}]},{"id":"troendle2023#2","study":"troendle2023","text":"These preferences are even more pronounced in people most concerned about climate change.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["climate_change_belief","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: people most concerned about climate change","note":{"evidence":"even more pronounced in people most concerned about climate change","reading":"concern strengthens the policy preferences","insight":"climate concern amplifies the policy preferences found."}}]},{"id":"troendle2023#3","study":"troendle2023","text":"In addition, we find that people with higher knowledge about sector emissions tend to demonstrate higher acceptance of policy interventions and that supportive measures significantly enhance the attractiveness of policy packages.","zone":"Result","obs":"Policy stands for supportive measures; preference for attractiveness of packages.","b":[{"path":["knowledge","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: people with higher knowledge about sector emissions","note":{"evidence":"higher knowledge about sector emissions tend to demonstrate higher acceptance","reading":"association with a hedge 'tend'","insight":"emissions knowledge goes with greater acceptance of policy interventions."}},{"path":["policy","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: supportive measures within policy packages","note":{"evidence":"supportive measures significantly enhance the attractiveness of policy packages","reading":"supportive measures raise package attractiveness","insight":"pairing phase-outs with support makes packages more attractive."}}]},{"id":"troise2024#1","study":"troise2024","text":"Varying levels of public acceptance of different low-carbon energy technologies can pose a barrier to progress on decarbonizing the electricity grid in the U.S.","zone":"Background","obs":"Progress refers to grid decarbonization.","b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","progress"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: varying acceptance levels across low-carbon technologies","note":{"evidence":"can pose a barrier to progress on decarbonizing","reading":"barrier wording maps to CONSTRAINS; hedged with can","insight":"uneven acceptance across technologies, not acceptance in general, is framed as the obstacle to decarbonization."}}]},{"id":"troise2024#2","study":"troise2024","text":"Regression analysis found that demographic factors affect the amount of a technology that a respondent chose to deploy in their portfolio.","zone":"Result","obs":"Demographic factors mapped to personal_and_social_factors; amount allocated to a technology treated as preference.","b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"demographic factors affect the amount of a technology","reading":"effect asserted without direction","insight":"technology preferences differ systematically by demographic group, so acceptance is not uniform across the public."}}]},{"id":"troise2024#3","study":"troise2024","text":"Additionally, demographic factors that affect technology preferences create a new layer of consideration for project siting to increase the likelihood of acceptance.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"demographic factors that affect technology preferences","reading":"restates the demographic effect as an implication","insight":"demographic variation in preferences should inform siting decisions."}},{"path":["site_location","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"moderator: demographic considerations","note":{"evidence":"consideration for project siting to increase the likelihood of acceptance","reading":"recommendation, not tested","insight":"siting that accounts for demographics is expected to raise acceptance."}}]},{"id":"troise2024#4","study":"troise2024","text":"Engaging with the public and considering public preferences will be integral to achieving the U.S.'s decarbonization goals.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Decarbonization goals mapped to energy_transition.","b":[{"path":["public_engagement","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will be integral to achieving","reading":"prerequisite wording, a prescription so Hypothetical","insight":"public engagement is framed as a necessary condition for decarbonization."}}]},{"id":"tsangas2018#1","study":"tsangas2018","text":"With an energy system far from being sustainable, almost totally depended on imported fossil fuels with low contribution of renewable energy (less than 15%), without any cable or pipeline interconnections until now, the country has the possibility to exploit a high renewables potential and the recently found offshore natural gas reserves.","zone":"Background","obs":"Concept mapping is approximate; the sentence describes context rather than an explicit tested relation.","b":[{"path":["energy_security","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"almost totally depended on imported fossil fuels with low contribution of renewable energy","reading":"dependence on imports is described as limiting a sustainable system","insight":"import dependence and isolation shape the transition context; the concept mapping is loose."}}]},{"id":"tsuji2021#1","study":"tsuji2021","text":"However, the cost of capturing high-purity CO2 typically used for geological storage (e.g., 98%) is high.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Deployment is implied by the CCS context; the excerpt names only the cost of capture.","b":[{"path":["cost","ccs_deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: capture of high-purity CO2","note":{"evidence":"the cost of capturing high-purity CO2 typically used for geological storage (e.g., 98%) is high","reading":"high cost treated as a barrier to CCS","insight":"capture cost is a barrier that motivates lower-purity alternatives","mechanism":"not stated."}}]},{"id":"tsuji2021#2","study":"tsuji2021","text":"The ubiquity of ambient air is important in reducing transport costs and ensuring social acceptance as the CO2 product can be both produced and stored at sites in remote areas, such as deserts and offshore platforms.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["site_location","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: remote sites such as deserts and offshore platforms","note":{"evidence":"ensuring social acceptance as the CO2 product can be both produced and stored at sites in remote areas","reading":"asserted argument, not tested","insight":"siting flexibility from ubiquitous air is expected to ease social acceptance.","mechanism":"production and storage in remote areas."}},{"path":["site_location","cost"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: remote sites such as deserts and offshore platforms","note":{"evidence":"important in reducing transport costs","reading":"ubiquity of air allows co-location, reducing transport cost","insight":"siting flexibility lowers costs as well as supporting acceptance."}}]},{"id":"tuler2024#1","study":"tuler2024","text":"A review of the literature about small modular reactors and micro-reactors found that both advocates and critics largely ignore the challenge of community acceptance.","zone":"Gap","obs":"The relation is weak and coded as an absent consideration; technology_assessment stands in for the advocate and critic literature.","b":[{"path":["technology_assessment","community_acceptance"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"both advocates and critics largely ignore the challenge of community acceptance","reading":"the literature neglects acceptance, so the link is largely absent","insight":"community acceptance is overlooked in both promotion and criticism of small reactors."}}]},{"id":"tuler2024#2","study":"tuler2024","text":"While some communities are likely to embrace the opportunity to host reactors, experiences across a range of facility siting efforts reinforces the conclusion that site-specific community opposition is likely to be another major obstacle to large-scale deployment of small capacity nuclear reactors thereby jeopardizing their potential contribution to decarbonization.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["community_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: site-specific community opposition","note":{"evidence":"community opposition is likely to be another major obstacle to large-scale deployment","reading":"opposition is predicted to limit deployment, hedged with likely","insight":"local opposition may undermine the decarbonization contribution of small reactors."}},{"path":["deployment","carbon_emissions"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"jeopardizing their potential contribution to decarbonization","reading":"deployment is the prerequisite for the decarbonization contribution","insight":"failed siting would endanger decarbonization goals."}}]},{"id":"ugarte-lucas2024#1","study":"ugarte-lucas2024","text":"This paper gauges Danes' willingness to pay (WTP) for biomass with carbon capture and storage and examines factors influencing it.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Willingness to pay is coded as public_support; the factors are named only later in the abstract.","b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"examines factors influencing it","reading":"factors are unnamed in this sentence and the outcome is willingness to pay, mapped to public_support","insight":"acceptance of BECCS is framed through payment willingness and its drivers."}}]},{"id":"ugarte-lucas2024#2","study":"ugarte-lucas2024","text":"Results show that being younger, being concerned about climate change and believing that it is mainly caused by human activity, and believing in the mitigation potential of biomass and that sustainability is a precondition of its use have a significant effect on WTP.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["climate_change_belief","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"being concerned about climate change and believing that it is mainly caused by human activity","reading":"significant effect on WTP, with a positive direction implied by the WTP context","insight":"climate beliefs and concern drive willingness to pay for BECCS."}},{"path":["perception","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: respondents believing in the mitigation potential of biomass and that sustainability is a precondition of its use","note":{"evidence":"believing in the mitigation potential of biomass and that sustainability is a precondition of its use","reading":"significant effect on WTP","insight":"beliefs about biomass mitigation potential and sustainability shape support for BECCS."}}]},{"id":"ugarte-lucas2024#3","study":"ugarte-lucas2024","text":"Public views on BECCS are complex but must be acknowledged if discussion of the role of BECCS in the decarbonisation agenda is to move forward.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Public views are coded as public_acceptance and the decarbonisation discussion as deployment.","b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"must be acknowledged if discussion ... is to move forward","reading":"acknowledging public views is stated as a prerequisite","insight":"progress on BECCS in decarbonisation depends on recognising complex public views."}}]},{"id":"umit2022#1","study":"umit2022","text":"We find that exposure to wind turbines increases public acceptance, but this affect does not translate into electoral turnout or vote choice.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concepts exposure and electoral_behaviour are new to the project vocabulary.","b":[{"path":["exposure","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"exposure to wind turbines increases public acceptance","reading":"direct effect finding, so INFLUENCES with positive sign","insight":"exposure to turbines raises rather than lowers acceptance, contrary to the opposition expected at proposal stage."}},{"path":["public_acceptance","electoral_behaviour"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Positive","cond":"outcome: electoral turnout or vote choice","note":{"evidence":"does not translate into electoral turnout or vote choice","reading":"explicit claim of no translation, so Negated","insight":"higher acceptance does not carry over into electoral behaviour."}}]},{"id":"umit2022#2","study":"umit2022","text":"Moreover, locality or politicisation does not seem to have an effect at all-neither on acceptance nor on electoral outcomes.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["locality","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"does not seem to have an effect at all","reading":"hedged no-effect statement treated as non-significance, so Inconclusive","insight":"local proximity does not shape acceptance in this setting."}},{"path":["politicisation","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"politicisation does not seem to have an effect","reading":"non-significance, so Inconclusive","insight":"politicisation of wind energy does not alter acceptance."}},{"path":["locality","electoral_behaviour"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"neither on acceptance nor on electoral outcomes","reading":"no effect found on electoral outcomes","insight":"local proximity does not drive voting."}},{"path":["politicisation","electoral_behaviour"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"politicisation does not seem to have an effect","reading":"non-significance on electoral outcomes","insight":"politicising wind energy does not shift voting."}}]},{"id":"urbatsch2021a#1","study":"urbatsch2021a","text":"Religious values and beliefs influence many attitudes relating to the environment, suggesting that they are also likely to shape preferences over energy policy.","zone":"Background","obs":"Religious values and beliefs are mapped to the existing concept personal_and_social_factors.","b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"likely to shape preferences over energy policy","reading":"extrapolation from environmental attitudes, so a proposed relation","insight":"religious values are expected to carry over from environmental attitudes into energy policy preferences."}}]},{"id":"urbatsch2021a#2","study":"urbatsch2021a","text":"Several years' responses from the General Social Survey, a large, nationally representative poll of United States adults, confirm that, in this context, the association between greater religiosity and lesser support for pro-environmental policy extends to questions of energy transition: more fervently religious respondents, and those who more fully endorse fundamentalist interpretations of the Christian Bible, are less likely to support government funding of developing alternative energy sources.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","policy_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"subgroup: more fervently religious respondents and fundamentalist Bible interpreters","note":{"evidence":"less likely to support government funding of developing alternative energy sources","reading":"survey-based association reported as a finding","insight":"stronger religiosity goes with weaker support for public funding of alternative energy."}}]},{"id":"urbatsch2021a#3","study":"urbatsch2021a","text":"This result holds even when accounting for respondents' broader attitudes towards environmental and science policy.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","policy_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"moderator: controlling for broader attitudes towards environmental and science policy","note":{"evidence":"This result holds even when accounting for","reading":"robustness to controls","insight":"the religiosity effect on energy policy support is not reducible to general environmental or science attitudes."}}]},{"id":"urbatsch2021a#4","study":"urbatsch2021a","text":"The connection between religiosity on attitudes towards energy policy is more robust in some Christian traditions than others: among Catholics, though not Protestants, it appears even when controlling for broader ideological positions.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"subgroup: Catholics; moderator: controlling for broader ideological positions","note":{"evidence":"among Catholics, though not Protestants, it appears even when controlling","reading":"subgroup-specific robustness","insight":"the religiosity link survives ideology controls only among Catholics, not Protestants."}},{"path":["personal_and_social_factors","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: Protestants; moderator: controlling for broader ideological positions","note":{"evidence":"though not Protestants","reading":"the link does not appear under ideology controls","insight":"denominational context conditions whether religiosity matters beyond ideology."}}]},{"id":"vaillancourt2008a#1","study":"vaillancourt2008a","text":"Several analyses have shown that nuclear technologies may represent very attractive options for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions, especially in countries with high growth projections for energy demand.","zone":"Background","obs":"Nuclear technologies are mapped to technology_choice because no nuclear concept exists in the project vocabulary.","b":[{"path":["technology_choice","emissions"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: countries with high growth projections for energy demand","note":{"evidence":"nuclear technologies may represent very attractive options for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions","reading":"prior analyses claim nuclear lowers emissions, hedged with may","insight":"nuclear is framed as a climate mitigation option, strongest where energy demand grows."}}]},{"id":"vaillancourt2008a#2","study":"vaillancourt2008a","text":"Other renewable technologies might play a more important role but need further cost reductions or new regulations to penetrate the market in substantial proportions.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["cost","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: other renewable technologies","note":{"evidence":"need further cost reductions","reading":"cost reduction stated as a prerequisite for market penetration, speculative","insight":"renewables' market uptake depends on cost reductions."}},{"path":["regulation","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: other renewable technologies","note":{"evidence":"or new regulations","reading":"regulation is an alternative prerequisite for penetration","insight":"regulatory change can substitute for cost reductions in enabling renewables."}}]},{"id":"vallejos-romero2023#1","study":"vallejos-romero2023","text":"Finally, the lack of familiarity with this technology in many cases constitutes a limitation when evaluating its acceptance.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technology_knowledge","acceptance"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the lack of familiarity with this technology in many cases constitutes a limitation when evaluating its acceptance","reading":"lack of knowledge coded under technology_knowledge with the deficit noted","insight":"low familiarity hampers the assessment of acceptance of green hydrogen."}}]},{"id":"vanderkoogh2023#1","study":"vanderkoogh2023","text":"This development also raises new potential issues such as increased electricity demand, a lack of social acceptance, and infrastructural challenges in the built environment.","zone":"Background","obs":"Deployment stands for EV penetration of the market.","b":[{"path":["deployment","energy_demand"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"raises new potential issues such as increased electricity demand","reading":"EV penetration is said to potentially raise demand, a potential issue","insight":"EV roll-out is framed as creating system pressures alongside acceptance problems."}},{"path":["deployment","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"a lack of social acceptance","reading":"lack of acceptance is listed as a potential issue raised by EV development","insight":"EV diffusion may itself erode social acceptance."}}]},{"id":"vanderschoor2016#1","study":"vanderschoor2016","text":"The transformation from the current energy system to a decentralized renewable energy system requires the transformation of communities into energy neutral or even energy producing communities.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["community_engagement","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"requires the transformation of communities into energy neutral or even energy producing communities","reading":"requirement wording gives ENABLES with prerequisite first; community_engagement is used as the closest existing concept for community transformation","insight":"the energy transition is framed as dependent on communities becoming energy producers."}}]},{"id":"vanderschoor2016#2","study":"vanderschoor2016","text":"Furthermore, we draw attention to the way community energy networks provide a social innovation while realizing a decentralized and decarbonized energy system.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["networking","social_innovation"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"community energy networks provide a social innovation","reading":"networks are presented as the means through which social innovation arises","insight":"community networks are framed as vehicles of social innovation that also realize a decentralized, decarbonized system."}}]},{"id":"vasstrom2021#1","study":"vasstrom2021","text":"We find that wind power policies are primarily influenced by energy authorities, developers and interest organizations, furthering arguments of climate concerns, energy security and economic opportunity.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concept agency stands for energy authorities, developers and interest organizations.","b":[{"path":["agency","policy"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"wind power policies are primarily influenced by energy authorities, developers and interest organizations","reading":"stated finding of influence without direction","insight":"policy construction is dominated by established institutional and industry actors, framing wind through security and economy."}}]},{"id":"vasstrom2021#2","study":"vasstrom2021","text":"The increase in conflicts and public debates has challenged national politicians to play a more active role in wind power policy making, which entails the reconsideration of wind power as an energy policy and critically judging what, for whom and how wind power should contribute to local, national and global energy transitions.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["conflict","policy"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"increase in conflicts and public debates has challenged national politicians to play a more active role","reading":"conflicts push politicians toward more active policy making","insight":"local conflict drives national-level reconsideration of wind policy."}}]},{"id":"veliz2023#1","study":"veliz2023","text":"Results show that the level of acceptance and preference changes with political ideology, with social liberals being more willing to change their lifestyle and increase their willingness to pay for a faster inclusion of clean technologies in the energy mix.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["political_identification","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"level of acceptance and preference changes with political ideology","reading":"finding of change without a stated direction","insight":"political ideology differentiates acceptance of energy sources, with social liberals more open to change."}}]},{"id":"veliz2023#2","study":"veliz2023","text":"Higher levels of education increase this willingness to pay.","zone":"Result","obs":"Willingness to pay is coded as preference.","b":[{"path":["education_training","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Higher levels of education increase this willingness to pay","reading":"direct positive effect","insight":"education raises willingness to pay for faster clean technology inclusion."}}]},{"id":"veliz2023#3","study":"veliz2023","text":"The level of acceptance decreases up to 56% for solar and wind when the installation is located within a radius less than 5 km from the population's homes.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["infrastructure_distance","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: solar and wind; setting: installations within 5 km of homes","note":{"evidence":"acceptance decreases up to 56% for solar and wind","reading":"closer installations lower acceptance, so more distance goes with more acceptance","insight":"proximity erodes acceptance even for popular renewables."}}]},{"id":"veliz2023#4","study":"veliz2023","text":"The level of rejection is 97% for hydroelectricity and 99% for non-renewable power plants if they are located at distances lower than 5 km.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["infrastructure_distance","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: hydroelectricity and non-renewable power plants; setting: within 5 km of homes","note":{"evidence":"level of rejection is 97% for hydroelectricity and 99% for non-renewable","reading":"near-universal rejection at short distances","insight":"proximity almost eliminates acceptance of these plants."}}]},{"id":"veliz2023#5","study":"veliz2023","text":"The decentralization of energy policy decisions and the consideration of local society would be relevant for an energy transition towards renewable sources.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Policy decentralization and local society consideration are merged into policy.","b":[{"path":["policy","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"would be relevant for an energy transition","reading":"prescriptive, hedged as would","insight":"decentralized decisions that consider local society are seen as relevant to the transition."}}]},{"id":"vercelli2017#1","study":"vercelli2017","text":"CCS communication has proven a tough challenge, particularly for the difficulty in raising interest for the technology, which is still unknown to the majority of the population, and for the complexity of conveying information about its potential for reducing emissions.","zone":"Background","obs":"The unnamed 'lack of knowledge' is coded as technology_knowledge; the abstract says the technology is unknown to most people.","b":[{"path":["technology_knowledge","interest"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"difficulty in raising interest for the technology, which is still unknown to the majority of the population","reading":"lack of knowledge is presented as hindering interest","insight":"low public familiarity with CCS limits engagement, which makes communication difficult."}},{"path":["message_complexity","communication"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the complexity of conveying information about its potential for reducing emissions","reading":"complexity of the message is a stated difficulty for communication","insight":"the technical complexity of emissions-reduction information hinders effective CCS communication."}}]},{"id":"vespa2022#1","study":"vespa2022","text":"The research on people-place relations makes an important contribution to the understanding of the public responses to renewable energy technologies (RETs).","zone":"Background","obs":"People-place relations are mapped to place_attachment, the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["place_attachment","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"people-place relations makes an important contribution to the understanding of the public responses","reading":"people-place relations are presented as informative for public responses, mapped to place_attachment and public_acceptance","insight":"place relations are treated as relevant for understanding responses to renewables, not as a proven effect."}}]},{"id":"vespa2022#2","study":"vespa2022","text":"Our analysis of 1500 Instagram posts shows that the place scales that are mentioned in the Instagram posts are related to some differences in the post emotionality, and that these effects differ across the different hashtags that are related to RETs.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["place_scale","emotionality"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"moderator: energy infrastructure hashtag","note":{"evidence":"related to some differences in the post emotionality","reading":"association without stated direction, varying by hashtag","insight":"the link between place scale and emotional expression is not uniform but depends on the energy technology discussed."}}]},{"id":"vikstrom2025#1","study":"vikstrom2025","text":"This paper seeks to understand how participatory design methods and the integration of renewable energy techniques like photovoltaics can contribute to more democratic, sustainable, and livable urban planning in the age of energy transition.","zone":"Aim","obs":"Planning is mapped to land_use_planning as the closest existing concept.","b":[{"path":["participation","land_use_planning"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how participatory design methods and the integration of renewable energy techniques like photovoltaics can contribute to more democratic, sustainable, and livable urban planning","reading":"aim asks whether participation contributes to better planning","insight":"participation is framed as a route to more democratic and sustainable urban planning."}}]},{"id":"vikstrom2025#2","study":"vikstrom2025","text":"The stakeholder workshop indicates that co-operations between multiple stakeholders and the development of participatory methods are essential for addressing the problematic issues associated with e.g., building regulations and community shared electricity.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_private_cooperation","institutional_reform"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: municipality and local energy company stakeholders","note":{"evidence":"co-operations between multiple stakeholders ... are essential for addressing the problematic issues","reading":"essential implies a prerequisite; hedged with 'indicates'","insight":"cooperation among stakeholders is seen as a precondition for resolving regulatory and community electricity problems."}},{"path":["participation","institutional_reform"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: municipality and local energy company stakeholders","note":{"evidence":"the development of participatory methods are essential for addressing the problematic issues","reading":"essential implies a prerequisite","insight":"participatory methods are treated as necessary for tackling regulatory barriers."}}]},{"id":"vikstrom2025#3","study":"vikstrom2025","text":"Fostering collaboration, and promoting inclusive decision-making, can lead to more effective and sustainable practices, better regulatory frameworks, and improved outcomes for communities.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_private_cooperation","regulatory_framework"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Fostering collaboration ... can lead to ... better regulatory frameworks","reading":"modal 'can lead to' is a prospective claim","insight":"collaboration is expected to improve regulatory frameworks."}},{"path":["participation","regulatory_framework"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"promoting inclusive decision-making, can lead to ... better regulatory frameworks","reading":"prospective claim","insight":"inclusive decision-making is expected to improve regulatory outcomes."}}]},{"id":"virah-sawmy2025#1","study":"virah-sawmy2025","text":"Amongst social issues, trust and quality of institutional governance were found to be increasingly prominent themes of research and key drivers for RE deployment.","zone":"Result","obs":"Quality of institutional governance is mapped to the closest existing concept, institutional_reform.","b":[{"path":["trust","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"key drivers for RE deployment","reading":"driver wording implies a positive effect","insight":"trust is a prominent and recurring driver of renewable deployment in the reviewed literature."}},{"path":["institutional_reform","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"quality of institutional governance ... key drivers","reading":"governance quality is treated as a driver","insight":"institutional governance quality is a key driver of deployment."}}]},{"id":"virah-sawmy2025#2","study":"virah-sawmy2025","text":"The review also reveals a growing interest in attachment to place, but with contradicting findings for its negative or positive impacts.","zone":"Result","obs":"The impacts are taken to concern RE deployment.","b":[{"path":["place_attachment","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"contradicting findings for its negative or positive impacts","reading":"mixed evidence on direction","insight":"place attachment can either help or hinder deployment, so its effect depends on context."}}]},{"id":"volken2018#1","study":"volken2018","text":"Decision science literature argues that conventional opinion surveys are limited for making strategic decisions because the elicited opinions may be distorted by misconceptions and awareness gaps that prevail in the public.","zone":"Background","obs":"Claim is attributed to decision science literature.","b":[{"path":["public_awareness","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"opinions may be distorted by misconceptions and awareness gaps","reading":"literature claim of distortion, hedged with may","insight":"uninformed public opinion may misrepresent true preferences, limiting survey value for strategic decisions."}}]},{"id":"volken2018#2","study":"volken2018","text":"In terms of methodologies in decision science, our factsheets, Riskmeter, and group discussions all proved effective in forming the preferences and improving knowledge.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_education","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: factsheets, Riskmeter and group discussions","note":{"evidence":"proved effective in forming the preferences","reading":"informational tools shaped preferences","insight":"informational tools actively shape, not just reveal, public preferences."}},{"path":["public_education","knowledge"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: factsheets, Riskmeter and group discussions","note":{"evidence":"improving knowledge","reading":"tools raised knowledge","insight":"structured information effectively increases public knowledge."}}]},{"id":"volken2018#3","study":"volken2018","text":"But we also intriguingly found that in a longer run the participants tended to revert back to their initial opinions.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_education","preference"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Inconclusive","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"phase: four weeks after the intervention","note":{"evidence":"revert back to their initial opinions","reading":"informed preference effect not durable","insight":"information-induced preference change may be unstable over time."}}]},{"id":"vonwirth2018#1","study":"vonwirth2018","text":"Research on adopting these systems within existing neighborhood contexts remains scarce, however, particularly on the role of local actors such as local energy utilities, ownership, and the spatial scale of implementation for accelerating the adoption of DESs.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Local energy utilities are mapped to the existing concept local_authorities as the closest local actor.","b":[{"path":["local_authorities","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the role of local actors such as local energy utilities","reading":"research need about local actors' role in accelerating adoption, so unresolved","insight":"local actors' influence on adoption is identified as an under-researched factor."}},{"path":["property_ownership","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"ownership","reading":"ownership's role in accelerating adoption is named as under-researched","insight":"ownership is an unresolved lever of adoption."}}]},{"id":"vonwirth2018#2","study":"vonwirth2018","text":"Our findings indicate that local coownership and awareness of local benefits tend to improve the acceptance of distributed energy infrastructures.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["property_ownership","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: local coownership","note":{"evidence":"local coownership ... tend to improve the acceptance","reading":"hedged finding (tend to), so Affirmed","insight":"shared local ownership is associated with greater acceptance of distributed infrastructure."}},{"path":["public_awareness","acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: awareness of local benefits","note":{"evidence":"awareness of local benefits tend to improve the acceptance","reading":"parallel factor with a hedged finding","insight":"visible local benefits support acceptance."}}]},{"id":"vonwirth2018#3","study":"vonwirth2018","text":"The study also identified major regulatory and structural barriers to DES market adoption that must be overcome to accelerate the current rate of niche development; the study thus contributes to developing DES adoption strategies.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["institutional_barrier","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: DES market adoption","note":{"evidence":"regulatory and structural barriers to DES market adoption","reading":"barriers limit adoption","insight":"regulatory and structural barriers hold back niche development of distributed energy systems."}}]},{"id":"vrhovac2025#1","study":"vrhovac2025","text":"As a result, current participatory planning emphasizes acceptance rather than efforts to seek shared solutions for energy transition, which leads to considerable resistance to local energy transition projects.","zone":"Background","obs":"Resistance is coded with the existing concept conflict; participatory planning is coded as public_engagement.","b":[{"path":["public_engagement","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"which leads to considerable resistance to local energy transition projects","reading":"acceptance-focused participatory planning is said to cause resistance, stated as established context","insight":"participation designed to secure acceptance can backfire by generating resistance."}}]},{"id":"vrhovac2025#2","study":"vrhovac2025","text":"skepticism toward energy transition often comes from a perceived lack of benefits rather than from concerns about impacts on the landscape","zone":"Result","obs":"The excerpt is a clause of the findings sentence.","b":[{"path":["economic_advantage","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"skepticism toward energy transition often comes from a perceived lack of benefits","reading":"the perceived lack of benefits is the main source of skepticism","insight":"skepticism is driven more by missing benefits than by landscape concerns."}},{"path":["visual_impact","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"rather than from concerns about impacts on the landscape","reading":"landscape impact concerns are contrasted as a lesser source of skepticism","insight":"landscape concerns are not the main driver of skepticism."}}]},{"id":"vrhovac2025#3","study":"vrhovac2025","text":"perspectives on energy transition and on regional development are closely linked, meaning that they should be discussed together in regional strategic planning","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_transition","land_use_planning"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"closely linked","reading":"association stated without direction","insight":"residents' views on energy transition and regional development are intertwined, so planning should treat them jointly."}}]},{"id":"vrhovac2025#4","study":"vrhovac2025","text":"incorporating residents' perspectives early in future-oriented energy planning offers strong potential for developing shared solutions","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Shared solutions are mapped to the existing concept social_acceptance only approximately.","b":[{"path":["public_engagement","social_acceptance"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"phase: early in energy planning","note":{"evidence":"offers strong potential for developing shared solutions","reading":"potential, not demonstrated","insight":"early inclusion of residents is presented as a route to shared solutions rather than mere acceptance."}}]},{"id":"wade2022#1","study":"wade2022","text":"Key among these are landowners who are silently enclosing the `windy commons' to extract `wind rents' from monopoly property rights.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["property_ownership","economic_advantage"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"subgroup: landowners","note":{"evidence":"extract `wind rents' from monopoly property rights","reading":"monopoly property rights make rent extraction possible","insight":"land ownership turns wind into private rent, raising distributive justice concerns."}}]},{"id":"wade2022#2","study":"wade2022","text":"These social wind rights arrangements could play a key role in securing a more just and widely supported transition.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["property_ownership","public_support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: community wind rights or nationalisation of the wind resource","note":{"evidence":"could play a key role in securing a more just and widely supported transition","reading":"hedged with could, so a prediction","insight":"socially oriented property rights may be a route to broader support."}},{"path":["property_ownership","energy_justice"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: community wind rights or nationalisation of the wind resource","note":{"evidence":"a more just ... transition","reading":"hedged prediction","insight":"social ownership is proposed as a means to greater justice."}}]},{"id":"walker2019#1","study":"walker2019","text":"Findings indicate that stories of Indigenous opposition to large scale hydro development dominate our sample - articles of protest, lawsuits, and threats to nation-to-nation-building that are more commonly seen in extractive industries.","zone":"Result","obs":"Residents here refers to Indigenous Peoples as the opposing actor.","b":[{"path":["deployment","residents"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: large scale hydro development; Indigenous communities","note":{"evidence":"stories of Indigenous opposition to large scale hydro development dominate our sample","reading":"opposition by an actor, so CONTESTED-BY","insight":"media coverage of large hydro is dominated by Indigenous opposition, resembling extractive-industry conflicts."}}]},{"id":"walker2019#2","study":"walker2019","text":"Stories covering other technologies (e.g. solar, wind) showcase excitement, positive socio-economic benefit, and opportunities for reconciliation.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","economic_advantage"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: solar and wind coverage in media","note":{"evidence":"showcase excitement, positive socio-economic benefit","reading":"media portray these technologies as bringing benefit","insight":"coverage of solar and wind frames renewables as beneficial, contrasting with hydro conflict."}}]},{"id":"walker2024#1","study":"walker2024","text":"Yet, due to their recent arrival, there is very little social scientific research that has aimed to better understand public views, expectations, and support for this change.","zone":"Gap","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["expectation","support"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"public views, expectations, and support for this change","reading":"weak link; the gap sentence only lists views, expectations and support as under-researched","insight":"public expectations and support for smart grids are poorly understood because the technology is new."}}]},{"id":"walker2024#2","study":"walker2024","text":"This analysis highlights within- and between-country trends, including how the variation in responses regarding the ``four Ds,'' demographic factors, and other variables may explain the differences we see in terms of support for energy system change in the UK and Canada.","zone":"Result","obs":"Perception stands for responses regarding the four Ds.","b":[{"path":["perception","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"variation in responses regarding the ``four Ds,''","reading":"the four Ds and demographics are said to explain differences in support, hedged with may; direction not given","insight":"views on the four Ds help explain cross-country differences in support."}}]},{"id":"walker2024#3","study":"walker2024","text":"Our analysis also shows that there are common elements, including the importance of the decentralization, and especially the democratization of energy in shaping support.","zone":"Result","obs":"Participation is used as a proxy for democratization of energy.","b":[{"path":["participation","support"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the democratization of energy in shaping support","reading":"democratization is named as important in shaping support; direction unstated","insight":"democratization of energy is a shared driver of support across both countries."}}]},{"id":"walzberg2023#1","study":"walzberg2023","text":"Results show that using RL halves potential delays due to contention compared to a random decision process.","zone":"Result","obs":"The concept design_adaptation stands in for the RL-based siting approach; no closer existing concept was available.","b":[{"path":["design_adaptation","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: reinforcement learning siting compared with random decision process","note":{"evidence":"using RL halves potential delays due to contention","reading":"RL-based siting reduces contention-related delays, so a negative influence","insight":"optimized siting decisions can substantially reduce contention-driven deployment delays.","mechanism":"RL minimizes contention risks during siting decisions."}}]},{"id":"walzberg2023#2","study":"walzberg2023","text":"However, the fast pace at which they are projected to be deployed in the United States (US) and the world poses numerous technical and nontechnical challenges, such as in terms of their integration into the electricity grid, public opposition and competition for land use.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_support","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"fast pace ... poses numerous technical and nontechnical challenges, such as ... public opposition","reading":"public opposition is named as a challenge to rapid deployment","insight":"rapid deployment targets heighten exposure to public opposition as a barrier; the lack of public support is the deficit."}}]},{"id":"wanasinghe2024#1","study":"wanasinghe2024","text":"It introduces a scaling factor named digital readiness level to incorporate modulation factors (e.g., cost of development and deployment of new technologies, labour market dynamics, economic benefits, regulatory readiness, and social acceptance) that act as catalysts or hindrances for technology adoption.","zone":"Method","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["cost","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"act as catalysts or hindrances for technology adoption","reading":"cost is a modulation factor with unspecified direction","insight":"technology adoption depends on cost and other economic and social conditions, not only technical capability."}},{"path":["social_acceptance","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"social acceptance) that act as catalysts or hindrances for technology adoption","reading":"acceptance is a modulation factor with unspecified direction","insight":"social acceptance is treated as one of several conditions that speed or slow technology adoption."}}]},{"id":"wang2021a#1","study":"wang2021a","text":"Climate change and air pollution are among the key drivers of energy transition worldwide.","zone":"Background","obs":"Air pollution is also named as a driver but has no matching existing concept; only climate change is coded.","b":[{"path":["climate_change_belief","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Climate change and air pollution are among the key drivers of energy transition","reading":"stated as established context with driver wording, so INFLUENCES","insight":"environmental pressures are framed as motivating the energy transition. Concept 'climate change' is mapped to the closest existing concept."}}]},{"id":"wang2021a#2","study":"wang2021a","text":"Understanding the potential and capabilities to produce renewable energy resources is a crucial pre-requisite for countries to utilize them and to scale up clean and stable sources of electricity generation.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["knowledge","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"crucial pre-requisite for countries to utilize them and to scale up","reading":"prerequisite wording gives ENABLES","insight":"knowing national production capability is framed as necessary for scaling up renewables."}}]},{"id":"wang2021b#1","study":"wang2021b","text":"The growing attention paid to the idea of a just transition away from the incumbent fossil fuel energy paradigm has led scholars to devise diverse definitions, understandings, and viewpoints of the term.","zone":"Background","obs":"The concepts are approximated as energy_transition and perception; the excerpt concerns scholars' definitions, not public acceptance.","b":[{"path":["energy_transition","perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"has led scholars to devise diverse definitions, understandings, and viewpoints","reading":"attention to just transition is said to lead to diverse viewpoints, so INFLUENCES with unspecified sign","insight":"growing attention to just transition multiplies competing understandings rather than producing one shared concept."}}]},{"id":"wang2022#1","study":"wang2022","text":"1) social network has a significant impact on the willingness of villagers to adopt rooftop PV products.","zone":"Result","obs":"Willingness to adopt is coded as adoption; social_network is a new concept.","b":[{"path":["social_network","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"social network has a significant impact on the willingness of villagers to adopt rooftop PV products","reading":"significant effect, direction not stated","insight":"social ties shape rural households' willingness to adopt rooftop PV."}}]},{"id":"wang2022#2","study":"wang2022","text":"2) Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived risk play multiple mediating roles.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_network","perceived_usefulness","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES","INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"play multiple mediating roles","reading":"mediation of the social network-adoption link","insight":"social network acts on adoption through TAM beliefs."}},{"path":["social_network","perceived_ease_of_use","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES","INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"play multiple mediating roles","reading":"mediation","insight":"ease of use transmits network effects to adoption."}},{"path":["social_network","risk_perception","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES","INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"perceived risk play multiple mediating roles","reading":"mediation","insight":"risk perception transmits network effects to adoption."}}]},{"id":"wang2022#3","study":"wang2022","text":"3) The parallel mediating effect of villagers' perceived risk on the relationship between social network and adoption intention is much higher than the other two paths.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_network","risk_perception","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES","INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: parallel mediation","note":{"evidence":"parallel mediating effect of villagers' perceived risk","reading":"strongest of three parallel paths","insight":"risk perception is the dominant channel linking social networks to adoption."}}]},{"id":"wang2022#4","study":"wang2022","text":"4) The chain mediating effect of perceived risk and perceived ease of use on the relationship between social network and villagers' adoption intention is much higher than the other two paths.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_network","risk_perception","perceived_ease_of_use","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES","INFLUENCES","INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: chain mediation","note":{"evidence":"chain mediating effect of perceived risk and perceived ease of use","reading":"sequential pathway stronger than other chain paths","insight":"networks shape risk perception, which shapes ease-of-use judgments and adoption."}}]},{"id":"wang2023#1","study":"wang2023","text":"The mobilisation of diverse social capital is critical to the promotion of renewable energy technologies.","zone":"Background","obs":"Promotion of renewable energy technologies is coded as adoption.","b":[{"path":["capital","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"mobilisation of diverse social capital is critical to the promotion","reading":"critical wording implies a prerequisite, so ENABLES","insight":"social capital is framed as a necessary resource for renewable technology uptake."}}]},{"id":"wang2023#2","study":"wang2023","text":"The results show that (1) structural and relational social capital promote villagers' willingness to adopt RRPV through two mechanisms: information transmission and social influence, with the former being stronger.","zone":"Result","obs":"Willingness to adopt is coded as adoption.","b":[{"path":["capital","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: structural and relational social capital","note":{"evidence":"promote villagers' willingness to adopt RRPV","reading":"positive effect found","insight":"social capital raises adoption willingness mainly via information transmission rather than social influence.","mechanism":"information transmission and social influence, the former stronger."}}]},{"id":"wang2023#3","study":"wang2023","text":"(2) Structural social capital tends to play a role through villagers' usefulness, benefits and environmental perceptions, whereas relational social capital tends to focus on ease of use, cost and risk perceptions.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["capital","perception"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: structural social capital acts via usefulness, benefit and environmental perceptions; relational via ease of use, cost and risk perceptions","note":{"evidence":"tends to play a role through villagers' usefulness, benefits and environmental perceptions","reading":"direction not stated, so Unspecified","insight":"different social capital dimensions operate through distinct perception types."}}]},{"id":"wang2024#1","study":"wang2024","text":"The results show that only 66% of the bus fleet would be ZEBs by 2050, and this underscores the necessity for governmental financial incentives to expedite the transition to a fully zero -emission fleet.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Hypothetical because the necessity is a prescription drawn from the model results; the unsubsidized benchmark projection itself is a result.","b":[{"path":["economic_incentive","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"necessity for governmental financial incentives to expedite the transition","reading":"incentives are framed as needed for full ZEB transition, a requirement inferred from the benchmark","insight":"without subsidies, zero-emission bus uptake stalls well short of full transition."}}]},{"id":"wang2024#2","study":"wang2024","text":"The analysis suggests that policies offering long-term and low -intensity subsidies are most beneficial, taking into account the cumulative effects and inherent delays associated with policy implementation.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["economic_incentive","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: long-term, low-intensity subsidies","note":{"evidence":"long-term and low -intensity subsidies are most beneficial","reading":"hedged with 'suggests' but reports the model findings","insight":"subsidy design matters, since timing and intensity interact with cumulative effects and implementation delays."}}]},{"id":"warren2009#1","study":"warren2009","text":"This review explores the main issues involved and shows that whilst some of the controversy centres on factual issues such as job creation, intermittency or bird mortality, a primary reason why consensus is so elusive is that conflicting values lie at the core of the debate.","zone":"Result","obs":"Conflicting values are coded with the existing concept perception; conflict stands for the controversy and lack of consensus.","b":[{"path":["perception","conflict"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"conflicting values lie at the core of the debate","reading":"conflicting values are named as a primary reason consensus is elusive, so an influence on conflict","insight":"disagreement persists because of value conflicts, not only disputed facts."}}]},{"id":"warren2009#2","study":"warren2009","text":"Issues such as landscape aesthetics, community (dis)empowerment and the relative importance of global and local factors are perceptual, unquantifiable and shaped by personal world views.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["landscape_value","perception"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"landscape aesthetics ... are perceptual, unquantifiable and shaped by personal world views","reading":"association stated without a direction","insight":"landscape concerns are subjective and cannot be settled by factual evidence."}}]},{"id":"westerlund2020#1","study":"westerlund2020","text":"Although wind energy has high potential as a sustainable energy source to fight climate change, and the post COVID-19 world may require accelerated transition to renewable energy systems, many wind energy projects nevertheless face community resistance.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["deployment","residents"],"rels":["CONTESTED-BY"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"many wind energy projects nevertheless face community resistance","reading":"resistance is an actor opposing projects","insight":"high sustainability potential does not prevent local opposition to wind projects."}}]},{"id":"westerlund2020#2","study":"westerlund2020","text":"Further, three factors matter for social acceptance in urban landscapes: 1) distance, as residents prefer offshore wind farms to be farther away from the city's inhabitants, 2) gender, as women are more accepting of wind energy compared with men, and outright opponents of wind energy are more likely men, and 3) participation, as residents wish to participate in decision-making processes regarding wind farms, but lack interest in having ownership of and responsibility for wind energy projects.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["infrastructure_distance","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: offshore wind farms","note":{"evidence":"residents prefer offshore wind farms to be farther away","reading":"distance matters for acceptance","insight":"acceptance of offshore wind depends on keeping it away from inhabitants."}},{"path":["gender","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: women more accepting than men","note":{"evidence":"women are more accepting of wind energy compared with men","reading":"gender differentiates acceptance","insight":"acceptance is gendered, with outright opposition more common among men."}},{"path":["participation","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"residents wish to participate in decision-making","reading":"participation named as a factor","insight":"residents want a say in decisions but not ownership or responsibility."}}]},{"id":"wiersma2014#1","study":"wiersma2014","text":"These include the generally lower levels of public knowledge about the technologies, a changing role for visual impacts, a fundamentally different, marine, spatial context, and different sets of stakeholders in different decision-making arenas.","zone":"Result","obs":"The sentence lists differences between offshore and onshore public engagement; the acceptance link is implied by the preceding sentence's framing of public acceptance determinants.","b":[{"path":["visual_impact","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: offshore renewable energy compared with onshore","note":{"evidence":"a changing role for visual impacts","reading":"the review identifies the role of visual impacts as different offshore, with no direction given","insight":"offshore acceptance cannot simply inherit onshore findings on visual impact, since its role shifts."}}]},{"id":"wiersma2014#2","study":"wiersma2014","text":"There is a need to explore as yet unasked and unanswered questions-going beyond `established' variables identified in the onshore wind-based `beyond NIMBY' literature-especially regarding the role of the marine location of these technologies, and the cross-technology and cross-disciplinary applicability of findings.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Public acceptance is the implied outcome of the review's focus on determinants of public acceptance.","b":[{"path":["site_location","public_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: marine location","note":{"evidence":"the role of the marine location of these technologies","reading":"the role of marine location is an open research question, so the relation is unresolved","insight":"location is an under-explored determinant of offshore acceptance beyond onshore-derived variables."}}]},{"id":"wilkinson2021#1","study":"wilkinson2021","text":"Rooftop solar photovoltaics (PV) are accelerating the transition towards low carbon electricity systems in many countries, particularly in Australia.","zone":"Background","obs":"Rooftop PV uptake is mapped to the pv_adoption concept.","b":[{"path":["pv_adoption","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Rooftop solar photovoltaics (PV) are accelerating the transition","reading":"causal wording 'accelerating' gives a positive influence, asserted as established context","insight":"distributed rooftop PV uptake is framed as a driver of the low carbon transition."}}]},{"id":"wilkinson2021#2","study":"wilkinson2021","text":"The multi-level perspective (MLP) of transitions theory is considered best suited for this task as it addresses fundamental shifts in the socio-technical systems, rather than being weighted towards technological and/or economic solutions.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["sociotechnical_approach","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"best suited for this task as it addresses fundamental shifts in the socio-technical systems","reading":"the MLP is judged to make the transition understandable, a framework-suitability claim rather than a tested effect","insight":"socio-technical framing is preferred over technology- or economics-weighted framings for transitions."}}]},{"id":"wojcik-jurkiewicz2021#1","study":"wojcik-jurkiewicz2021","text":"Governments must implement policies that are environmentally friendly, cost-effective, but, most of all, socially acceptable.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_acceptance","policy"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"most of all, socially acceptable","reading":"prescriptive wording (must) makes social acceptance a prerequisite for policy implementation, so Hypothetical","insight":"policy viability in decarbonisation depends on social acceptability beyond environmental and cost criteria."}}]},{"id":"wojcik-jurkiewicz2021#2","study":"wojcik-jurkiewicz2021","text":"Social acceptance risk plays a significant role in Poland, influencing the decarbonisation process.","zone":"Background","obs":"Decarbonisation is mapped to the existing concept energy_transition.","b":[{"path":["risk","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Social acceptance risk plays a significant role in Poland, influencing the decarbonisation process","reading":"asserted effect without direction, so sign Unspecified","insight":"risk of low social acceptance is treated as a factor shaping the pace of decarbonisation."}}]},{"id":"wojcik-jurkiewicz2021#3","study":"wojcik-jurkiewicz2021","text":"Societal awareness, how people perceive the government's actions, and what they expect in this regard is crucial.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"The excerpt does not name the outcome; decarbonisation is taken from the abstract's context.","b":[{"path":["public_awareness","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"is crucial","reading":"the sentence does not name the outcome; the outcome is taken from the surrounding decarbonisation context, so this is weakly supported","insight":"public awareness, perceptions of government action and expectations are treated as key to decarbonisation."}},{"path":["perception","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"is crucial","reading":"the sentence does not name the outcome; the outcome is taken from the surrounding decarbonisation context, so this is weakly supported","insight":"public awareness, perceptions of government action and expectations are treated as key to decarbonisation."}},{"path":["expectation","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"is crucial","reading":"the sentence does not name the outcome; the outcome is taken from the surrounding decarbonisation context, so this is weakly supported","insight":"public awareness, perceptions of government action and expectations are treated as key to decarbonisation."}}]},{"id":"wong2022#1","study":"wong2022","text":"This net zero energy transition will require a fair and just transition for all in society, and to implement this, it is crucial for those working in the oil and gas industry to understand the technologies needed, the importance of carbon policies and their roles.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["knowledge","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"population: workers in the oil and gas industry","note":{"evidence":"it is crucial for those working in the oil and gas industry to understand the technologies needed","reading":"understanding is stated as a prerequisite, a requirement and not a finding","insight":"workforce understanding of technologies and policies is framed as a precondition for a just net zero transition."}}]},{"id":"wong2022#2","study":"wong2022","text":"Implementation of activities towards this energy transition will require significant social commitment, and hence, gauging their perception towards this journey is key objective of this paper.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["social_engagement","energy_transition"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"will require significant social commitment","reading":"a prerequisite stated as a future requirement","insight":"social commitment is treated as necessary for implementing the transition, which motivates measuring perceptions."}}]},{"id":"wong2024#1","study":"wong2024","text":"The public acceptance towards RE is one of the many obstacles that hinders the proliferation of RE in Malaysia.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"public acceptance towards RE is one of the many obstacles that hinders the proliferation of RE","reading":"acceptance deficit hinders deployment, coded under the acceptance concept's own relation with the lack noted","insight":"insufficient public acceptance is framed as a barrier to renewable energy deployment."}}]},{"id":"wong2024#2","study":"wong2024","text":"Analyses revealed that attitude and perceived behavioural control are important factors of intention to adopt renewable energy technology, with perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness in turn being significant antecedents of attitude, whereas subjective norm did not influence intention.","zone":"Result","obs":"Intention to adopt is coded as adoption; subjective norm mapped to social_norm.","b":[{"path":["attitude","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"attitude and perceived behavioural control are important factors of intention to adopt","reading":"important factor, direction assumed positive","insight":"attitude shapes adoption intention."}},{"path":["perceived_behavioural_control","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"perceived behavioural control are important factors of intention","reading":"parallel factor for intention","insight":"perceived control matters for adoption intention."}},{"path":["perceived_ease_of_use","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness in turn being significant antecedents of attitude","reading":"antecedent of attitude","insight":"usability perceptions feed attitudes."}},{"path":["perceived_usefulness","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"perceived usefulness in turn being significant antecedents of attitude","reading":"antecedent of attitude","insight":"perceived usefulness builds favourable attitudes."}},{"path":["social_norm","adoption"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"subjective norm did not influence intention","reading":"explicit absence of effect","insight":"social pressure did not drive adoption intention."}}]},{"id":"wong2024#3","study":"wong2024","text":"Results show that costs, ease of use and accessibility of RE remain limiting factors towards RE adoption in Malaysia, hence the need of appropriate policies/programmes, such as targeted incentive campaigns, to alleviate this issue.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Ease of use as a limiting factor is not separately coded.","b":[{"path":["cost","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"costs, ease of use and accessibility of RE remain limiting factors","reading":"limiting factor","insight":"cost remains a barrier to adoption."}},{"path":["equitable_access","adoption"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"accessibility of RE remain limiting factors","reading":"limited accessibility restricts adoption, lack noted","insight":"access limitations hinder adoption."}},{"path":["policy","adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"need of appropriate policies/programmes, such as targeted incentive campaigns","reading":"prescriptive need, hypothetical","insight":"targeted policy is proposed to overcome adoption barriers."}}]},{"id":"yadav2020#1","study":"yadav2020","text":"Lack of awareness of PV technologies is seen as one of the major barriers limiting the deployment of decentralised systems in rural areas.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_awareness","deployment"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"Lack of awareness of PV technologies is seen as one of the major barriers limiting the deployment","reading":"lack of awareness is coded via awareness's own relation to deployment, framed as a barrier","insight":"awareness acts as a prerequisite for decentralised PV deployment in rural areas."}}]},{"id":"yadav2020#2","study":"yadav2020","text":"We found existing awareness-raising campaigns, and subsidies for promoting PV technologies in rural areas are not effective with households preferring word of mouth, experiential learning and village-level awareness programmes than conventional electronic and print media advertising, as preferred by the government and private sectors.","zone":"Result","obs":"Campaigns are coded as public_education, an approximation of awareness-raising campaigns.","b":[{"path":["public_education","public_awareness"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Positive","cond":"subgroup: conventional electronic and print media campaigns","note":{"evidence":"existing awareness-raising campaigns, and subsidies ... are not effective","reading":"findings show existing campaigns fail to raise awareness","insight":"campaign channel fit with households matters more than campaign existence."}}]},{"id":"yadav2020#3","study":"yadav2020","text":"As public awareness precedes solar PV adoption, these findings can be insightful for policymakers, investors and the private enterprises to improve existing informational programmes and devise effective campaigns supporting the demand and therefore development of rural solar PV market.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["public_awareness","pv_adoption"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"public awareness precedes solar PV adoption","reading":"awareness presented as a precondition for adoption","insight":"awareness-building is a prerequisite step for rural solar PV market development."}}]},{"id":"yudha2021#1","study":"yudha2021","text":"It is notable that the biggest barriers to transition are centred on planning and implementation aspects, as it is also evident that many in the community do not adhere to the same vision.","zone":"Result","obs":"Planning and implementation aspects are coded together as transition_planning.","b":[{"path":["transition_planning","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the biggest barriers to transition are centred on planning and implementation aspects","reading":"planning and implementation named as barriers, so CONSTRAINS","insight":"transition is hindered more by how it is planned and implemented than by the technologies themselves."}}]},{"id":"yusuf2024#1","study":"yusuf2024","text":"In conclusion, our findings show that stakeholders' perceptions of P2P models using blockchain technology can be implemented effectively and provide social, economic, and environmental incentives.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["perception","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"perceptions of P2P models using blockchain technology can be implemented effectively","reading":"perceptions are read as favourable to implementation, so a positive influence","insight":"favourable stakeholder perceptions point to feasibility of P2P trading deployment."}}]},{"id":"zaheb2024#1","study":"zaheb2024","text":"These results underscore the significant potential for solar energy development, considering its current technological advancements, economic affordability, social acceptance, and environmental friendliness.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technological_advancement","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: solar energy","note":{"evidence":"considering its current technological advancements","reading":"advancement is presented as a reason for solar's potential, and the wording is not causal","insight":"solar's development potential rests on technical, economic and social grounds together."}},{"path":["social_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: solar energy","note":{"evidence":"social acceptance","reading":"acceptance is named as one consideration behind solar potential","insight":"social acceptance is treated as a supporting criterion for solar prioritisation."}}]},{"id":"zaman2018#1","study":"zaman2018","text":"Conversely, developing countries tend to be locked in fossil fuels and foster coal-based energy structures, emphasizing reliable and cost-effective energy provision and sidelining environmental concerns.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["infrastructure_lock_in","energy_transition"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: developing countries","note":{"evidence":"locked in fossil fuels","reading":"lock-in framed as hindering low-carbon transition, implied by contrast with developed countries","insight":"dependence on fossil infrastructure and priority on reliable, cheap supply can sideline low-carbon transformation."}}]},{"id":"zaman2018#2","study":"zaman2018","text":"Participative policy frameworks should be deployed in coal plant projects, and active monitoring systems are necessary to reduce the negative consequences associated with increased electrification and energy consumption.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":"Environmental_impact stands in for the negative consequences to be reduced.","b":[{"path":["environmental_monitoring","environmental_impact"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"active monitoring systems are necessary to reduce the negative consequences","reading":"prescriptive requirement, so hypothetical","insight":"managing coal expansion impacts is framed as dependent on monitoring."}}]},{"id":"zaunbrecher2018#1","study":"zaunbrecher2018","text":"The study aims to shed light on the emotional evaluation of renewable energy technologies and in how far the affective responses are correlated with the acceptance of those technologies.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["emotionality","technology_acceptance"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"in how far the affective responses are correlated with the acceptance","reading":"aim asks about a correlation without direction","insight":"affective responses are treated as a potential correlate of technology acceptance."}}]},{"id":"zaunbrecher2018#2","study":"zaunbrecher2018","text":"It was found that not only did the technologies differ in terms of emotional responses they evoked, but that those responses also varied significantly between groups of high and low levels of acceptance concerning the respective energy technology.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["emotionality","technology_acceptance"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: high versus low acceptance groups","note":{"evidence":"responses also varied significantly between groups of high and low levels of acceptance","reading":"association between emotional responses and acceptance level, no direction stated","insight":"emotional evaluation differs systematically with acceptance level."}}]},{"id":"zaunbrecher2018#3","study":"zaunbrecher2018","text":"Overall, the three renewable energy technologies revealed different emotional evaluations which might considerably impact the overall acceptance.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["emotionality","technology_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"might considerably impact the overall acceptance","reading":"hedged claim of impact with unspecified direction","insight":"technology-specific emotional evaluations are proposed as a driver of overall acceptance."}}]},{"id":"zaunbrecher2019#1","study":"zaunbrecher2019","text":"A solution for energy supply and storage which is optimized only according to one of these perspectives will, however, fail to meet other essential criteria.","zone":"Background","obs":"The concept sector_challenge stands for single-discipline optimization, a loose proxy.","b":[{"path":["sector_challenge","viability"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"optimized only according to one of these perspectives will, however, fail to meet other essential criteria","reading":"single-discipline optimization limits the viability of solutions","insight":"solutions must satisfy technical, economic and social criteria together, so single-perspective optimization undermines overall viability."}}]},{"id":"zaunbrecher2019#2","study":"zaunbrecher2019","text":"To develop sustainable solutions for energy supply and storage, which are technically feasible, cost-effective, and supported by local residents, interdisciplinary cooperation of researchers is thus needed.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["coordination","viability"],"rels":["ENABLES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"interdisciplinary cooperation of researchers is thus needed","reading":"cooperation is stated as a prerequisite for solutions that are feasible, cost-effective and locally supported","insight":"local support is treated as one criterion that only interdisciplinary work can secure together with technical and cost criteria."}}]},{"id":"zeyringer2016#1","study":"zeyringer2016","text":"The costs of wind energy are cost-competitive but there are issues with intermittency and public acceptance of onshore wind.","zone":"Background","obs":"Deployment is implied as the affected outcome; the sentence names acceptance as an issue without naming deployment.","b":[{"path":["public_acceptance","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":"setting: onshore wind","note":{"evidence":"issues with intermittency and public acceptance of onshore wind","reading":"public acceptance is presented as an issue for onshore wind, read as a limit on deployment","insight":"even cost-competitive wind faces social acceptance constraints that limit its role."}}]},{"id":"zeyringer2016#2","study":"zeyringer2016","text":"We find that while tidal energy reduces the need for investment into flexible generation, it does so less than the spatial diversification of already existing renewable energy sources.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["energy_storage","investment"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"tidal energy reduces the need for investment into flexible generation","reading":"tidal energy lowers the need for flexible generation investment","insight":"tidal contributes to system flexibility, but less than spatial diversification of existing renewables."}}]},{"id":"zhang2022#1","study":"zhang2022","text":"While verified media accounts are key opinion leaders setting the agenda in EU energy politics and trade issues, in energy technology and service issues, verified individual accounts lead opinions.","zone":"Result","obs":"Concepts approximate the agenda-setting relation; 'public_awareness' stands in for public discussion agenda.","b":[{"path":["media_narrative","public_awareness"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"subgroup: verified media accounts on EU energy politics and trade issues","note":{"evidence":"verified media accounts are key opinion leaders setting the agenda","reading":"agenda-setting by media accounts is framed as an effect on public discussion, direction unspecified","insight":"opinion leadership differs by issue, with media leading on politics and trade while individuals lead on technology."}}]},{"id":"zhang2022#2","study":"zhang2022","text":"The study helps understand the role of online opinion leaders in EU-China energy relations and argues that key opinion leaders need to play more active roles in communicating the issues and guiding public discussions.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","public_engagement"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Positive","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"need to play more active roles in communicating the issues and guiding public discussions","reading":"a prescription, so hypothetical","insight":"opinion leaders' more active communication is expected to shape public discussion of energy cooperation."}}]},{"id":"zimm2019#1","study":"zimm2019","text":"While many scenarios exist showing that this is technically feasible, the related costs, speed of technology diffusion and social and political acceptance of such an energy transition are fiercely debated, both in the scientific field as well as in politics.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Acceptance is treated as a debated aspect of the transition, not tested.","b":[{"path":["cost","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"the related costs, speed of technology diffusion and social and political acceptance of such an energy transition are fiercely debated","reading":"costs are debated as a factor of the transition, so the relation is contested and unresolved","insight":"the transition's costs remain controversial and unresolved in both science and politics."}},{"path":["social_acceptance","energy_transition"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Hypothetical","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"social and political acceptance of such an energy transition are fiercely debated","reading":"acceptance is debated as a determinant of the transition, with no settled direction","insight":"acceptance is an open question alongside technical feasibility."}}]},{"id":"zuk2023#1","study":"zuk2023","text":"Article draws attention to the close relationship between the perception of economic challenges and of threats to social security and attitudes towards climate and environmental issues among the residents of coal basins.","zone":"Result","obs":"Perception of economic challenges and social security threats is mapped to risk_perception.","b":[{"path":["risk_perception","attitude"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"close relationship between the perception of economic challenges and of threats to social security and attitudes","reading":"explicit association without stated direction","insight":"perceived economic and social-security threats are tied to climate attitudes in coal regions."}}]},{"id":"zuk2023#2","study":"zuk2023","text":"These multidimensional factors shaping opinions on energy transition ultimately translate into ideological and political sympathies.","zone":"Background","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["attitude","political_identification"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"ultimately translate into ideological and political sympathies","reading":"opinions on energy transition are said to translate into political sympathies","insight":"energy transition views carry political-identity consequences."}}]},{"id":"zuk2023#3","study":"zuk2023","text":"The obtained results indicate that not only does the current economic and financial situation of coal basin residents shape their attitudes to the decarbonisation process, but also their anticipated personal material situation after the closure of the mine and the implementation of energy transition may have a great impact on the current assessment of transition goals as well as their perception of climate change and the negative effects of the mining industry.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["local_economic_conditions","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"current economic and financial situation of coal basin residents shape their attitudes","reading":"asserted finding without direction","insight":"present economic circumstances condition attitudes to decarbonisation."}},{"path":["expectation","attitude"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":"setting: anticipated material situation after mine closure","note":{"evidence":"anticipated personal material situation ... may have a great impact","reading":"hedged interpretation of findings, so Affirmed","insight":"anticipated future deprivation shapes current assessment of transition goals, beyond present conditions."}}]},{"id":"zumofen2025#1","study":"zumofen2025","text":"However, obstacles to social acceptance, often linked to limited understanding and awareness, impede their integration.","zone":"Gap","obs":"Integration is coded as deployment.","b":[{"path":["social_barrier","deployment"],"rels":["CONSTRAINS"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Not_applicable","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"obstacles to social acceptance ... impede their integration","reading":"barriers stated as hindering integration","insight":"acceptance obstacles are framed as a bottleneck for new energy technologies."}},{"path":["public_awareness","social_barrier"],"rels":["RELATES-TO"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"often linked to limited understanding and awareness","reading":"explicit association without direction","insight":"limited awareness is associated with acceptance obstacles; the lack of awareness is noted."}}]},{"id":"zumofen2025#2","study":"zumofen2025","text":"Combining theoretical insights from research on public opinion formation and social acceptance, this article constructs a model to explore how different information framings and formats influence individual opinion formation and the social acceptance of these technologies.","zone":"Aim","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Investigated","sign":"Unspecified","cond":null,"note":{"evidence":"how different information framings and formats influence ... social acceptance","reading":"research question without answer","insight":"information presentation is treated as a lever of acceptance."}}]},{"id":"zumofen2025#3","study":"zumofen2025","text":"Based on independent sample t-tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and generalized structural equation models, the findings reveal that providing identical information in a video rather than as text increases general technology acceptance directly, as well as indirectly through reduced information complexity.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","technology_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: video format rather than text","note":{"evidence":"video rather than as text increases general technology acceptance directly","reading":"direct effect","insight":"format alone raises acceptance of an unfamiliar technology."}},{"path":["communication","message_complexity","technology_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES","INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Negative","cond":"setting: video format rather than text","note":{"evidence":"indirectly through reduced information complexity","reading":"mediation","insight":"video lowers complexity, which raises acceptance","mechanism":"reduced information complexity."}}]},{"id":"zumofen2025#4","study":"zumofen2025","text":"Emphasizing technological readiness also positively affects general technology acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["technological_maturity","technology_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: framing emphasizing readiness","note":{"evidence":"Emphasizing technological readiness also positively affects general technology acceptance","insight":"readiness framing increases general acceptance."}}]},{"id":"zumofen2025#5","study":"zumofen2025","text":"However, these effects do not extend to more concrete market and community acceptance.","zone":"Result","obs":"Market acceptance has no existing concept; only community acceptance is coded.","b":[{"path":["communication","community_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Negated","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: market and community acceptance","note":{"evidence":"these effects do not extend to more concrete market and community acceptance","reading":"explicit absence of effect","insight":"information effects do not carry from general to concrete acceptance."}}]},{"id":"zumofen2025#6","study":"zumofen2025","text":"The research highlights the significance of tailored and accessible information in facilitating information processing for unknown (energy) technologies in enhancing their social acceptance.","zone":"Conclusion","obs":null,"b":[{"path":["communication","social_acceptance"],"rels":["INFLUENCES"],"status":"Affirmed","sign":"Positive","cond":"setting: tailored and accessible information; unknown technologies","note":{"evidence":"tailored and accessible information ... enhancing their social acceptance","insight":"accessible information eases processing of unfamiliar technologies, supporting acceptance."}}]}],"concepts":{"acceptance":{"def":"A favourable or tolerant stance toward an energy technology or project, expressed as acceptability, willingness to host or support it, and treated as an outcome that varies with perceptions, design, siting and benefits.","topic":"Social","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: treated as an attitudinal response, e.g. \"willingness (70%)\" to host installations, so Sensitive rather than Social. dimension: contexts span community siting, market uptake and policy, with no clear predominance. uncertainty: acceptance, acceptability and willingness are used interchangeably.","rgt":["High_Acceptance","Low_Acceptance"],"significance":3,"n":129,"studies":66},"action":{"def":"Purposive behaviour or steps taken by individuals, communities or organisations in relation to energy systems, such as adopting, organising or intervening. It is distinct from attitude or acceptance as a stance, and is described as shaped by policy and awareness and as shaping energy system change.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: collective and organisational conduct, e.g. \"Local population actions\", \"actions on the governmental organisation level\", so Social. dimension: contexts differ (governmental organisations, local populations, community Action Situations) with no predominance. uncertainty: the concept is generic and the aspect could be read as Ethical or Formative.","rgt":["Proactive_Action","Passive_Inaction"],"significance":2,"n":9,"studies":8},"adoption":{"def":"The uptake of a technology, product or practice by households, users or organisations, understood as the realised decision to take it up and use it. It is distinct from attitudinal acceptance and is described as enabled or limited by costs, policies, practices and social factors.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: adoption is framed through barriers such as financing, \"installation cost\" and incentives, so Economic; Social or Sensitive are possible alternatives. dimension: consumers and users taking up technologies such as electric vehicles and heaters. Evidence is contextual, not a developed mechanism.","rgt":["High_Adoption","Low_Adoption"],"significance":2,"n":126,"studies":54},"agency":{"def":"The capacity of actors, such as individuals, organizations, authorities or political currents, to shape outcomes. In the excerpts it appears as actor-level influence on how narratives and policies are constructed.","topic":"Actors","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: actors' collective influence, e.g. \"women's organization agency\", fits Social. dimension: policy and narrative construction by \"energy authorities, developers and interest organizations\" points to socio-political context. uncertainty: only two sources, with differing actor types. synthesis: relations are stated without an articulated mechanism.","rgt":["Broad_Actor_Agency","Limited_Actor_Agency"],"significance":2,"n":2,"studies":2},"agency_approval":{"def":"Formal authorization by oversight or regulatory agencies required before a technology or action may proceed. Usage in the corpus is mixed: it also appears loosely as actors' capacity to act or withstand backlash.","topic":"Governance","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: approval by \"many different oversight agencies\" is institutional authorization (juridical). dimension: institutions and legitimacy. uncertainty: other excerpts use it for activist capacity or \"restricted agency\", which conflates approval with agency in the sense of capacity to act.","rgt":["Timely_Agency_Approval","Delayed_Agency_Approval"],"significance":2,"n":7,"studies":4},"attitude":{"def":"An evaluative orientation, favourable or unfavourable, held toward a technology, project or policy, including energy preferences. It is shaped by knowledge, beliefs and political alignment, and is distinct from acceptance or support as expressed behaviour or stance.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: evaluative orientations such as \"negative attitudes toward it\" fit perception and affect (Sensitive), though belief-based readings could suggest Fiducial. dimension: uses span residents, consumers and policy publics, with no clear predominance. uncertainty: overlap with preferences and acceptance.","rgt":["Positive_Attitude","Negative_Attitude"],"significance":3,"n":98,"studies":55},"balance_uncertainty_optimism":{"def":"A state of public judgement about a technology in which recognition of uncertainty and expectation of benefits are held in proportion, avoiding both unwarranted hype and dismissal.","topic":"Worldview","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: concerns attitudinal stance combining uncertainty and optimism, so Sensitive rather than Fiducial. dimension: \"balance between uncertainty and optimism over CCS\" refers to broader public opinion. uncertainty: single source, concept is loosely defined; significance limited to a narrow claim that narratives enable it.","rgt":["Balanced_Public_Judgement","Polarised_Hype_Or_Fear"],"significance":2,"n":1,"studies":1},"behavioural_change":{"def":"Alteration in the habits, practices or actions of individuals or households, such as adopting new energy-related routines, treated as something that requires effort and is shaped by knowledge, motivation, cost and perception.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: concerns actions and habits shaped by perception and motivation; nearest alternative is Social (10). dimension: contexts mix households (\"cooks, financial decision makers\") and citizens in energy communities, no clear predominance. uncertainty: only a few sources.","rgt":["Sustained_Behaviour_Change","Persistent_Habitual_Behaviour"],"significance":3,"n":6,"studies":3},"behavioural_feedback":{"def":"Self-reinforcing loops in which behaviours or actions generate further supportive behaviours or outcomes, spreading and sustaining change in the energy transition. Evidence treats these loops as not self-sustaining and as dependent on enabling conditions.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: collective dynamics of reinforcing behaviour, e.g. \"positive feedback\" via \"horizontal networks\". dimension: policy and activism context. uncertainty: one example maps general 'behaviours' to this code as the closest concept, so boundaries are loose.","rgt":["Self_Sustaining_Feedback","Fading_Feedback"],"significance":2,"n":3,"studies":3},"benefit_distribution":{"def":"The allocation of the benefits and burdens of an energy technology or project across stakeholders, groups or places, including how those benefits are shared and perceived as balanced or unbalanced.","topic":"Economics","aspect":14,"aspect_label":"Ethical","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: excerpts frame distribution as fairness, e.g. 'balance in the distribution of benefits and burdens', suggesting Ethical over Economic. dimension: focus on 'local communities' and rural versus urban households. uncertainty: Economic reading is plausible since subsidies and jobs are allocated.","rgt":["Equitable_Benefit_Distribution","Inequitable_Benefit_Distribution"],"significance":3,"n":10,"studies":8},"biodiversity_agriphotovoltaics":{"def":"Agriphotovoltaics combined with biodiversity protection measures such as flower strips, so that solar energy production on agricultural land also delivers ecological benefits.","topic":"Environment","aspect":5,"aspect_label":"Biotic","dimension":"Technical-Scientific","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: ecological focus, since the measures aim at \"biodiversity protection\" and \"biotope connectivity\". dimension: GIS-based assessment suggests a technical-scientific context, with no stakeholder role stated. uncertainty: single source; the design could also be read as Formative.","rgt":["High_Biodiversity_Benefit","Low_Biodiversity_Benefit"],"significance":1,"n":1,"studies":1},"biotope_connectivity":{"def":"The degree to which habitat patches are linked within a landscape, enabling ecological continuity and species movement; in the corpus it is treated as an ecological co-benefit that land-use measures can promote.","topic":"Environment","aspect":5,"aspect_label":"Biotic","dimension":"Technical-Scientific","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: ecological concept of habitat linkage, so Biotic. dimension: a \"GIS-based assessment\" of ecological contribution supports Technical-Scientific. uncertainty: single source, hedged claim (\"can make a valuable contribution\"), so definition draws on limited evidence.","rgt":["High_Habitat_Connectivity","Fragmented_Habitat"],"significance":1,"n":1,"studies":1},"blue_energy_plant":{"def":"A facility that generates energy from marine or water-based resources, treated in the corpus as a local installation whose economic, environmental and landscape consequences are contested by citizens and local authorities. Usage also stretches to other plant types, such as seawater air conditioning and biogas.","topic":"Technology","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: an energy-generating installation, so physical. dimension: contested by \"citizens and local public authorities\" over local consequences. uncertainty: the code also absorbs SWAC and a biogas plant, so usage is heterogeneous. Theoretical role is contextual only.","rgt":["Low_Local_Contestation","High_Local_Contestation"],"significance":1,"n":5,"studies":3},"building_retrofitting":{"def":"Upgrading existing buildings, especially their energy efficiency, as a measure within heating electrification. It is described as shaping the electricity storage capacity that heat pump deployment induces.","topic":"Technology","aspect":8,"aspect_label":"Formative","dimension":"Technical-Scientific","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: retrofitting is construction or modification of existing artifacts, so Formative; physical energy effects are secondary. dimension: excerpt addresses system-level modelling, \"highly dependent on the retrofitting rate\", with no stakeholder role. uncertainty: single source; direction of influence is inferred from a following sentence.","rgt":["High_Retrofitting_Rate","Low_Retrofitting_Rate"],"significance":2,"n":1,"studies":1},"business_case":{"def":"The economic justification for pursuing a technology investment, showing that a project is financially viable and attractive. Its presence or absence is described as shaping whether investment and deployment proceed, and it is affected by perceived risks and uncertainties.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: economic viability, as in \"lack of a sound business case\". dimension: investors and investment decisions, as in \"factors inhibiting CCS investment\". synthesis: limited to a narrow claim that risk affects the business case and that the business case enables deployment, with no developed mechanism.","rgt":["Sound_Business_Case","Weak_Business_Case"],"significance":2,"n":2,"studies":1},"capital":{"def":"Financial resources, and in some uses broader forms of resource endowment, required to develop, build or take part in energy systems. Capital availability or requirement is described as enabling or constraining viability, deployment and participation, and as linked to forms of engagement.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: economic, given \"capital costs\" and \"high capital requirements\". dimension: investment and viability context. uncertainty: one excerpt uses \"various forms of capital\" in a broader sense linked to energy citizenship, so the meaning is not uniform.","rgt":["Accessible_Capital","Scarce_Capital"],"significance":2,"n":10,"studies":6},"carbon_emissions":{"def":"Release of carbon dioxide and related greenhouse gases from energy production and use, treated as an environmental performance criterion that rises with energy demand and fossil reliance and is reduced by renewable shifts.","topic":"Environment","aspect":5,"aspect_label":"Biotic","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: emissions are an environmental impact, anchored to ecology (5). dimension: framed as climate mitigation, \"mitigating climate change\", and a criterion for \"social acceptance\", pointing to broad policy-level context. uncertainty: also used as a technical assessment criterion, so the dimension is not firmly settled.","rgt":["Low_Carbon_Emissions","High_Carbon_Emissions"],"significance":2,"n":5,"studies":5},"carbon_footprint":{"def":"The amount of greenhouse gas emissions associated with an activity, technology or economy, treated as a quantity to be reduced in pursuit of climate targets and a neutral economy.","topic":"Environment","aspect":5,"aspect_label":"Biotic","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: environmental impact anchors to Biotic, though it is also a measured quantity (Quantitative). dimension: framed via government role and the Paris Agreement, so policy context. uncertainty: single source, 'reduction of the carbon footprint' is only a downstream outcome.","rgt":["Low_Carbon_Footprint","High_Carbon_Footprint"],"significance":1,"n":1,"studies":1},"ccs":{"def":"Carbon capture and storage: a technology that captures carbon dioxide emissions and stores them, discussed as a means to reduce emissions and sustain fossil-based activity during the energy transition, while facing contested public support and perception.","topic":"Technology","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: physical energy/material system technology. dimension: excerpts concern \"public support\" and \"public perception\" at broad level. uncertainty: one excerpt uses ccs as proxy for certification, a boundary blur; relations are mixed (enabling transition, fossil economy, constraining support).","rgt":["Publicly_Supported_Emission_Reduction","Publicly_Contested_Emission_Reduction"],"significance":2,"n":7,"studies":7},"ccs_deployment":{"def":"The implementation and rollout of carbon capture and storage as a climate mitigation option, treated as an outcome that depends on enabling conditions such as policy, economic incentives and public acceptance, and that can be slowed by costs, perceived risks and societal opposition.","topic":"Technology","aspect":8,"aspect_label":"Formative","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: rollout of a technology system is a construction/implementation process (Formative), though cost and policy framing could suggest Economic or Juridical. dimension: excerpts stress \"societal acceptance\" and \"societal opposition\" as barriers, plus policy and business strategy, indicating broad socio-political legitimacy. synthesis: mostly an outcome concept in relations.","rgt":["Rapid_Deployment","Slow_Deployment"],"significance":2,"n":22,"studies":13},"ccs_prospects":{"def":"The perceived outlook or likelihood of success and future viability of carbon capture and storage as a technology option, treated as an evaluative judgement that can improve or remain uncertain.","topic":"Technology","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"LOW","reasoning":"aspect: outlook tied to \"financial instruments\" suggests an economic viability reading, though it could be Formative or Fiducial. dimension: \"government support\" and policy context suggest socio-political framing. uncertainty: single hedged source (\"appear to have enhanced\"), little elaboration.","rgt":["Favourable_Prospects","Unfavourable_Prospects"],"significance":1,"n":3,"studies":1},"ccs_support":{"def":"A favourable stance toward carbon capture and storage, expressed as positive perception of or backing for the technology. It is treated as conditional on how its risks and benefits are weighed and is distinct from broader public acceptance of related projects.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: stance expressed as \"positive perception of CCS\", so Sensitive rather than Fiducial. dimension: public opinion surveys of general respondents, not local residents or consumers. uncertainty: support is conditional on risks not outweighing benefits, and climate belief can lower it.","rgt":["High_CCS_Support","Low_CCS_Support"],"significance":2,"n":6,"studies":2},"citizens":{"def":"Members of the general public or society, treated as an actor group whose views, skepticism or opposition toward energy technologies, projects and the transition can shape their acceptance and slow their deployment.","topic":"Actors","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: collective social actor group, e.g. \"Societal opposition\". dimension: broad public stance toward the transition and deployment rather than a local or market role. uncertainty: some excerpts concern local effects (\"local economies, environment, and cityscape\"), suggesting community readings; mapped from \"societal opposition\".","rgt":["Supportive_Citizens","Opposing_Citizens"],"significance":2,"n":18,"studies":17},"climate_change_belief":{"def":"An individual's conviction or perception that climate change is real, human-caused or serious. It is distinct from general attitudes toward specific technologies and is treated as a possible driver of support, acceptance and preferences, with effects that may be positive or negative.","topic":"Worldview","aspect":15,"aspect_label":"Fiducial","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: conviction about climate reality fits Fiducial (\"believed in human-induced climate change\"). dimension: broad public opinion on technologies like CCS. uncertainty: some excerpts treat it as perception, and one inbound relation (deployment) is a weak fit.","rgt":["Strong_Climate_Change_Belief","Climate_Change_Skepticism"],"significance":3,"n":22,"studies":18},"communication":{"def":"The exchange and presentation of information about energy technologies, projects and policies between developers, institutions and the public, including transparency and visual media. Its quality and form are treated as shaping awareness, perceptions, attitudes and acceptance.","topic":"Communication","aspect":9,"aspect_label":"Lingual","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: information exchange, \"transparency\", \"2D photos or 2D videos\" fit Lingual. dimension: audiences are the general public and institutions, but contexts vary across community and policy settings, so predominance is moderate. uncertainty: relations are mixed hypothetical and asserted; transparency is mapped to communication.","rgt":["Effective_Communication","Ineffective_Communication"],"significance":3,"n":45,"studies":27},"community_acceptance":{"def":"Favourable acceptance of an energy technology or project by local or regional communities, treated as a place-based social condition tied to perceived fairness, consultation and impacts, and framed as a prerequisite for deployment and the transition.","topic":"Social","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: collective, community-level stance ('regional acceptance', 'local community'). dimension: place-based local actors. uncertainty: mapped to social_acceptance, so boundary with broader social acceptance is blurred; relations show it both enables and constrains deployment.","rgt":["High_Community_Acceptance","Low_Community_Acceptance"],"significance":3,"n":25,"studies":13},"community_engagement":{"def":"Organised involvement of community members and local actors in energy projects through engagement methods and targeted communication. It goes beyond technical delivery and is distinct from participation as an outcome; it is described as shaping who is included, how willing people are to invest, and how deployment proceeds.","topic":"Participation","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: collective involvement and relations, e.g. \"method of engagement\", fits Social. dimension: local communities and energy communities support Community_Acceptance. uncertainty: targeted communication to investors blurs boundaries with Lingual and Market uses; overlaps with participation.","rgt":["Inclusive_Community_Engagement","Exclusionary_Community_Engagement"],"significance":3,"n":25,"studies":18},"conflict":{"def":"Open disagreement, opposition or contention among stakeholders over energy projects, decisions or the meanings attached to places and technologies. It is distinct from general acceptance or attitudes because it denotes active disputes, and it is portrayed as arising from siting, imposed decisions and expectations of change.","topic":"Social","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: collective dynamics among actors, e.g. \"societal conflicts\" and \"objections\". dimension: place-based disputes over plants and offshore wind farms predominate, though policy and institutional effects also appear. uncertainty: some examples are hedged expectations (\"may rise conflicts\"). synthesis: not rated.","rgt":["Low_Conflict","High_Conflict"],"significance":null,"n":38,"studies":32},"coordination":{"def":"The alignment of actions, strategies, rules or operations among multiple actors, levels or system parts so they work together coherently. Distinct from regulation, it is a process of linking efforts; its absence is linked to fragmentation, and its presence to integration.","topic":"Governance","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: collective alignment among actors suggests Social, though Juridical and technical-operational readings (\"coordinated operation and control of the entire power grid\") compete. dimension: institutional context, e.g. \"multilateral coordination within the federal system\". Limited sources.","rgt":["Effective_Coordination","Fragmented_Coordination"],"significance":2,"n":6,"studies":4},"cost":{"def":"The monetary expense of developing, producing, installing or adopting an energy technology or system, including upfront capital and running costs. It is treated as a barrier or criterion shaping technology feasibility, uptake and acceptance.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: economic, as in \"high initial capital costs\" and \"high costs of the hydrogen production\". dimension: investors, adopters and market uptake are the usual context, though district cooling excerpt frames cost as a criterion for social acceptance. uncertainty: mostly asserted barrier, rarely tested mechanism.","rgt":["Low_Cost","High_Cost"],"significance":2,"n":49,"studies":42},"deformed_strata":{"def":"Geological layers that have been folded, faulted or otherwise structurally altered, whose complexity makes subsurface characterization and modeling harder than for undisturbed layers.","topic":"Technology","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Technical-Scientific","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: geological material structure, so Physical. dimension: technical modeling context, \"deformed strata present far greater challenges\". uncertainty: single source, peripheral to acceptance; the Physical vs Analytical boundary is a judgement call.","rgt":["Undeformed_Strata","Deformed_Strata"],"significance":1,"n":1,"studies":1},"demand_reduction":{"def":"A decrease in energy consumption or demand, pursued through measures such as efficiency standards for buildings and appliances, treated as a demand-side element of the energy transition.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: concerns energy consumption levels, so Physical/energy systems rather than Economic. dimension: tied to policy, as in \"strong regulations incentivising reductions in demand\". uncertainty: single source; could be read as behavioral or economic.","rgt":["High_Demand_Reduction","Low_Demand_Reduction"],"significance":2,"n":1,"studies":1},"deployment":{"def":"The practical roll-out, uptake or implementation of energy technologies and projects, treated as an outcome that economic, regulatory, technological, institutional and social conditions either enable or constrain.","topic":"Infrastructure","aspect":8,"aspect_label":"Formative","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: implementation of technologies as built systems, a formative process, rather than the physical properties themselves. dimension: constraints and enablers are mostly policy, funding and institutional ('policy_support', 'institutional_barrier'), though market and community actors also appear. uncertainty: sometimes implied rather than named, as in 'less utilized'.","rgt":["Rapid_Deployment","Slow_Deployment"],"significance":3,"n":266,"studies":163},"design_adaptation":{"def":"Adjustment of a technology's or project's design, layout or features to fit its surroundings, context or sustainability needs. Distinct from the technology itself, it is a modifiable attribute that may shape perceptions, acceptance and benefits, with effects that vary by context.","topic":"Planning","aspect":8,"aspect_label":"Formative","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: design adjustment as in \"Adapting the design of BS to its surroundings\" is Formative. dimension: effects mostly concern residents near homes and visual impact, though one source ties design to socio-political rather than market acceptance (\"cannot explain concrete investment intentions\"). uncertainty: mixed contexts.","rgt":["Context_Adapted_Design","Unadapted_Design"],"significance":2,"n":16,"studies":10},"economic_advantage":{"def":"The perceived or realised economic benefit or gain from a technology, project or investment, such as income, savings or profitability. It is treated as a motivator of participation, support and favourable attitudes, and as accompanying acceptance.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: economic gain, cited as \"economic benefit\" and \"economically beneficial\". dimension: motivation to participate and invest points to market actors, though support and policy contexts also appear. uncertainty: dimension is mixed across market and public support. synthesis: motivator of participation and attitudes in a narrow claim.","rgt":["High_Economic_Advantage","Low_Economic_Advantage"],"significance":2,"n":16,"studies":14},"economic_dependence":{"def":"Reliance of a community, region or country on a particular resource, sector or external supply for its economic well-being, such as natural resource extraction or imported fossil fuels. It is distinct from perceived economic benefits and describes structural exposure rather than gain.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: economic reliance on resources or imports (\"natural resource dependence\", \"fossil fuel import dependency\"). dimension: linked to support for regulation, a policy-level acceptance context. uncertainty: two sources use it at different scales (local extraction economy vs national import reliance); the code is a normalisation of both.","rgt":["Low_Economic_Dependence","High_Economic_Dependence"],"significance":2,"n":2,"studies":2},"economic_incentive":{"def":"Financial or material inducements, such as subsidies or other monetary support, that shape the costs and benefits facing actors. Distinct from cost itself, it is a policy-linked lever framed as helping to drive technology uptake and transition progress.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: financial inducements, \"financial incentives\", fit the economic aspect. dimension: uptake and adoption suggest market actors, but the uses are mixed with policy framing (\"strong policy frameworks\"). uncertainty: income level was mapped to this concept, which broadens its meaning.","rgt":["Strong_Economic_Incentive","Weak_Economic_Incentive"],"significance":2,"n":22,"studies":20},"economic_value":{"def":"The economic benefits or worth that an energy technology or project is perceived to generate, such as regional added value, development gains or economic outcomes, distinct from project-level financial viability.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: economic benefits, \"regional added values\", \"economic outcomes\". dimension: contexts vary (public CCS support, local acceptance, development impact) without clear predominance. uncertainty: loosely used, also for \"development and poverty abatement\" benefits. Relations are assumed or investigated, not established.","rgt":["High_Economic_Value","Low_Economic_Value"],"significance":2,"n":8,"studies":8},"economic_viability":{"def":"The capacity of a technology, project or site to be financially sustainable, with costs, investment and returns judged workable. It is distinct from acceptance and is treated as a precondition for siting, design and deployment, shaped by costs, capital, risk and policy support.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: financial sustainability, linked to \"cost\", \"capital\", \"investment\", fits Economic. dimension: investor and project-developer concerns suggest market context, though policy incentives (\"government incentives\") and technical feasibility also appear. uncertainty: mixed contexts; theoretical role is not articulated by a mechanism.","rgt":["High_Economic_Viability","Low_Economic_Viability"],"significance":2,"n":15,"studies":13},"education_training":{"def":"Formal schooling, attained education level or training that builds people's knowledge and skills, used both as a socio-demographic characteristic and as a capacity-building measure for the energy transition. It is distinct from knowledge itself, being the means or background through which knowledge is acquired.","topic":"Knowledge","aspect":7,"aspect_label":"Analytical","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: education is treated as knowledge-building, though education level is also a demographic variable; Analytical chosen over Lingual. dimension: contexts span households, adoption and policy, e.g. 'education level ... smart energy adoption', with no predominant role. theoretical_significance: mostly contextual factor.","rgt":["High_Education_Access","Low_Education_Access"],"significance":2,"n":16,"studies":16},"efficiency_perception":{"def":"Stakeholders' perceived performance or usefulness of an energy technology or energy use, which may be framed in cost or environmental terms rather than as measured technical output.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: perceived performance is a subjective appraisal, so Sensitive rather than Analytical. dimension: excerpts concern residents' payment framing and \"Behavioral Intention\" to adopt rooftop PV, i.e. consumer adoption. uncertainty: Example 3 maps \"perceived ease of use\" loosely, and efficiency is framed by cost.","rgt":["High_Perceived_Efficiency","Low_Perceived_Efficiency"],"significance":2,"n":3,"studies":3},"electoral_behaviour":{"def":"Citizens' voting conduct, expressed as turnout and vote choice, treated as an observable political outcome distinct from stated attitudes toward a technology or project.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: voting is an act within institutional politics, so Juridical rather than Sensitive; dimension: excerpts refer to \"electoral turnout or vote choice\" and \"electoral outcomes\", i.e. political legitimacy. uncertainty: Social or Behavioural readings are possible; evidence is from a single source.","rgt":["High_Electoral_Participation","Low_Electoral_Participation"],"significance":2,"n":3,"studies":1},"electric_boilers":{"def":"Electrically powered heating devices treated as a flexible demand-side energy technology that can shift load and, in modelled results, reduce the need for storage capacity.","topic":"Technology","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Technical-Scientific","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: an energy-system technology, hence physical. dimension: a modelling context, \"reduce storage investments by more than 26% by 2050\", not stakeholder acceptance. uncertainty: only one source, so the definition is narrow.","rgt":["High_Flexibility_Potential","Low_Flexibility_Potential"],"significance":2,"n":1,"studies":1},"electricity_access":{"def":"The availability of electricity or modern energy supply to households, communities or organisations. It is framed as a basic provision and technical need that is presented as a precondition for adopting energy technologies and for transition or policy goals.","topic":"Infrastructure","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: energy supply availability, framed as a \"key technical driver\", fits the physical/energy-systems aspect. dimension: excerpts address policymakers and \"energy policies\", so socio-political, though governmental organisations and households also appear. uncertainty: the equity framing (\"affected communities\") could point to an ethical reading. Relations are mostly prescriptive.","rgt":["Universal_Electricity_Access","Limited_Electricity_Access"],"significance":2,"n":3,"studies":3},"emissions":{"def":"Greenhouse gas and pollutant releases from energy systems, treated as an environmental outcome to be reduced. Emissions reduction is framed as a benefit or goal of technologies and policies, and as a possible driver of deployment or climate beliefs.","topic":"Environment","aspect":5,"aspect_label":"Biotic","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: environmental outcome, cited as \"emissions reduction\" and \"methane emissions footprints\". dimension: policy and technology-choice contexts rather than a specific local or market role. uncertainty: relations are mixed, with some inconclusive (\"did not find\" direct impact).","rgt":["Low_Emissions","High_Emissions"],"significance":2,"n":14,"studies":12},"emotionality":{"def":"The affective quality of responses to or expressions about an energy technology, such as the emotional tone of social media posts or affective evaluations. It differs by technology and context, and is examined as a correlate of acceptance.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: emotional or \"affective responses\" are immediate psychological reactions (Sensitive). dimension: evidence concerns general public emotional evaluation and social media posts, not a specific local, market or technical role, so broad public acceptance is the nearest fit. uncertainty: the direction of the link with acceptance is unstated.","rgt":["Positive_Emotionality","Negative_Emotionality"],"significance":2,"n":4,"studies":2},"energy_citizenship":{"def":"Citizens' active engagement in the energy transition, expressed in varied manifestations such as empowerment, pro-environmental behaviour and involvement in energy initiatives, rather than passive consumption of energy.","topic":"Participation","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: citizens' collective, active roles ('different manifestations of energy citizenship') fit the social aspect. dimension: link to 'local energy communities' suggests place-based acceptance. uncertainty: Example 2 maps empowerment to the code, so usage is loosely bounded; theoretical role is only prospective.","rgt":["Active_Energy_Citizenship","Passive_Energy_Consumption"],"significance":2,"n":3,"studies":2},"energy_consumption":{"def":"The amount of energy used or required by buildings, processes or systems, treated as a quantity that is shaped by user behaviour and that in turn bears on costs and wider social outcomes.","topic":"Technology","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Technical-Scientific","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: energy use is a physical energy-system quantity (\"require less energy\"). dimension: contexts are technical assessments of buildings, life cycle and CCS/CCU. uncertainty: Example 2 only approximates the concept via material demand.","rgt":["Low_Energy_Consumption","High_Energy_Consumption"],"significance":2,"n":3,"studies":3},"energy_cost":{"def":"The monetary cost of producing or consuming energy, including consumer prices and cost of energy from a technology. It is treated both as an outcome of efficiency, technology and policy factors and as a factor bearing on acceptance, support and deployment.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: costs and prices, e.g. \"higher consumer costs\" and \"higher cost of energy\", are economic. dimension: consumer prices and cost competitiveness suggest market role, though policy and transition contexts also appear. uncertainty: mixed contexts. significance: relations show both causes and effects but few articulated mechanisms.","rgt":["Low_Energy_Cost","High_Energy_Cost"],"significance":3,"n":12,"studies":11},"energy_demand":{"def":"The level of energy or electricity needed by households, sectors or markets, including demand for energy products. It is treated as something that can shift with supply-side change, social conditions or trust, and in turn can shape preferences and emissions.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: demand for energy and energy products reads as an economic notion (\"increasing demand for solar and energy-efficient products\"). dimension: consumer and household uptake is the main context. uncertainty: some uses treat demand as a physical need (\"electricity needs are greater\"), others as market demand.","rgt":["Sustainable_Energy_Demand","Unsustainable_Energy_Demand"],"significance":2,"n":7,"studies":6},"energy_efficiency":{"def":"The performance of an energy technology or system in delivering useful output relative to energy input, treated as a technical attribute shaped by design and technological refinement and linked to energy costs.","topic":"Technology","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Technical-Scientific","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: efficiency of turbines, electrolyzers and BEMS reflects energy-system performance (Physical). dimension: excerpts concern technical performance, e.g. \"lower efficiency, lower capacity factors\". uncertainty: one excerpt links efficiency to inequality, a social reading not shown in the supplied examples.","rgt":["High_Energy_Efficiency","Low_Energy_Efficiency"],"significance":2,"n":6,"studies":5},"energy_justice":{"def":"A normative principle that the benefits and burdens of energy systems and transitions are fairly distributed, with fair decision-making and recognition of affected groups. It is distinct from acceptance and is treated as a basis of equitable access and legitimacy.","topic":"Governance","aspect":14,"aspect_label":"Ethical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: fairness in distribution, procedure and recognition is a moral/equity concern (\"distributive, procedural, and recognitional justice\"). dimension: framed at the level of public acceptance and transition legitimacy. uncertainty: some uses overlap with community-level siting fairness. synthesis: explicit role in mechanisms linking fairness to acceptance.","rgt":["High_Energy_Justice","Low_Energy_Justice"],"significance":3,"n":21,"studies":14},"energy_literacy":{"def":"Public knowledge and understanding of energy and energy systems, treated as a capacity enabling informed decision-making. Distinct from attitudes or trust, it is framed as a prerequisite for participation, while low levels are reported as limiting engagement.","topic":"Knowledge","aspect":7,"aspect_label":"Analytical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: knowledge and understanding fit Analytical, though communication/education (Lingual) is a competing reading. dimension: \"crucial for public acceptance and participation\" points to broad public legitimacy. uncertainty: it is both enabling and, when low, constraining; the link to justice is under-researched.","rgt":["High_Energy_Literacy","Low_Energy_Literacy"],"significance":2,"n":4,"studies":2},"energy_scenario":{"def":"A structured depiction of possible future energy systems, used to explore alternatives, assess policy effects and support decisions. It is also seen as shaping expectations and policy, and as only partly representing social dynamics.","topic":"Planning","aspect":8,"aspect_label":"Formative","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: scenarios are constructed future visions for exploring options, so Formative. dimension: used as \"decision support instrument for policy-makers\" and to influence \"energy policy\". uncertainty: usage ranges from policy tool to model output, and model-social mapping is approximate.","rgt":["Socially_Informed_Scenario","Socially_Blind_Scenario"],"significance":2,"n":7,"studies":4},"energy_security":{"def":"The reliability and resilience of energy supply, including reduced dependence on vulnerable sources, presented as a benefit of energy systems and a rationale for supporting or adopting technologies.","topic":"Infrastructure","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: concerns supply reliability of energy systems, \"ensuring supply security\". dimension: framed at national or regional system level, though one excerpt links island security to community acceptance. uncertainty: could be read as political or economic; relations are asserted, not established.","rgt":["High_Energy_Security","Low_Energy_Security"],"significance":2,"n":5,"studies":5},"energy_storage":{"def":"Technology that holds energy for later use, framed as a means of balancing supply and demand, including residential and community-scale forms. It is portrayed as a prerequisite or enabler of the energy transition, though its large-scale development is shaped by socio-political context.","topic":"Technology","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: energy systems technology, so Physical. dimension: excerpts stress \"socio-political context of ES\" and institutional barriers, though household and community uses also appear. uncertainty: residential and community framings suggest Community or Market contexts. synthesis: stated as \"essential for a sustainable energy transition\" but without a developed mechanism.","rgt":["Widely_Deployed_Storage","Limited_Storage_Capacity"],"significance":2,"n":9,"studies":6},"energy_transition":{"def":"The broad socio-technical shift of energy systems toward low-carbon or sustainable sources, treated as a goal or process shaped by policy, investment, knowledge, technology and public acceptance, and framed as requiring such enabling conditions to succeed.","topic":"Environment","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: concerns restructuring of energy systems (\"zero carbon emissions by 2050\"), though it spans economic, juridical and social facets. dimension: framed at policy and societal level, e.g. \"essential for a successful energy transition\". uncertainty: multi-aspect outcome concept.","rgt":["Accelerated_Energy_Transition","Stalled_Energy_Transition"],"significance":2,"n":171,"studies":121},"environmental_impact":{"def":"The effects of an energy technology, project or response method on ecosystems and natural resources, which can be mitigated or worsened. Stakeholders perceive these effects as concerns that shape approval, deployment and trust in regulators.","topic":"Environment","aspect":5,"aspect_label":"Biotic","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: ecological harm to \"marine resources\" fits Biotic. dimension: concern about impacts affects \"planning applications\" and regulator trust, so institutional and public legitimacy predominates. uncertainty: visual impacts were mapped here, blurring Aesthetic boundaries.","rgt":["Low_Environmental_Impact","High_Environmental_Impact"],"significance":3,"n":25,"studies":22},"environmental_monitoring":{"def":"Systematic observation of a project's environmental effects and safety performance, used to meet regulatory permitting requirements, give stakeholders assurance, and manage negative consequences. Its reassuring effect on community concerns is described as conditional on design attributes.","topic":"Environment","aspect":7,"aspect_label":"Analytical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: monitoring is an assessment procedure of observing and checking, so Analytical. dimension: framed as a \"regulatory requirement as part of permitting procedures\" and stakeholder assurance, so institutional legitimacy. uncertainty: it also serves a communicative role and community concern, and impact management is prescriptive.","rgt":["Active_Transparent_Monitoring","Absent_Or_Opaque_Monitoring"],"significance":2,"n":3,"studies":3},"environmental_regulation":{"def":"Legal and policy rules aimed at protecting the environment, which set limits on energy projects and decarbonization efforts. Described as legal limitations affecting site viability, and as inconsistent environmental policies that complicate the energy transition.","topic":"Governance","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: \"environmental protection laws and legal limitations\" are juridical rules. dimension: institutional and policy context, not a specific local or market actor. uncertainty: only two excerpts; the direction of influence is unspecified and one use stresses policy inconsistency.","rgt":["Consistent_Environmental_Regulation","Inconsistent_Environmental_Regulation"],"significance":2,"n":2,"studies":2},"equitable_access":{"def":"Fair availability of energy resources, technologies and the benefits of energy transitions across social groups, so that no group is excluded by cost or circumstance. Distinct from energy justice as the broader principle, it is the outcome that justice considerations, deployment and technology performance are said to promote.","topic":"Social","aspect":14,"aspect_label":"Ethical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: fairness in distribution of resources and benefits, framed via \"energy justice\" and \"fair and equitable access\", fits Ethical. dimension: policy and transition-level framing supports Socio-Political. uncertainty: some uses treat access as a deployment outcome (Economic or Physical), and the evidence is thin.","rgt":["Equitable_Access","Inequitable_Access"],"significance":2,"n":6,"studies":5},"equity_perception":{"def":"Stakeholders' subjective judgment of whether benefits, burdens and treatment are fairly distributed, constructed through comparison with others and shaped by norms, context and processes. It differs from formal justice principles by being a perceived, experienced judgment.","topic":"Social","aspect":14,"aspect_label":"Ethical","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: fairness judgments fit the ethical aspect, though 'perceived justice' also has sensitive overtones. dimension: excerpts mix offshore outsourcing and wind or renewable projects, with no predominant acceptance context. synthesis: mechanisms such as 'social comparison processes that led to' equity perceptions support a narrow-to-explicit role.","rgt":["High_Perceived_Equity","Low_Perceived_Equity"],"significance":3,"n":6,"studies":4},"expectation":{"def":"Anticipated outcomes, benefits or impacts of a technology or project, held before or independent of direct experience. Expectations are formed from beliefs, values and context, and are treated as shaping support, acceptance and adoption.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":15,"aspect_label":"Fiducial","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: expectations are belief-based anticipations (\"project-specific beliefs\", \"great expectations\"), so Fiducial rather than Sensitive. dimension: contexts mix residents, policy actors and general publics with no clear predominance. uncertainty: usage ranges from project impact beliefs to technology hopes.","rgt":["Realistic_Positive_Expectation","Negative_Or_Unrealistic_Expectation"],"significance":2,"n":19,"studies":13},"exposure":{"def":"Contact with or experience of a technology or its installations, such as living near or encountering them. It is treated as a condition that may shift stakeholders' stance, distinct from the stance itself.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":2,"aspect_label":"Spatial","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: exposure to turbines implies proximity and place-based contact, so Spatial; Sensitive or Social readings are possible. dimension: Community, because exposure is local, though the outcome is framed as public acceptance. uncertainty: only one excerpt, so the operationalisation is unclear.","rgt":["High_Exposure","Low_Exposure"],"significance":2,"n":1,"studies":1},"feasibility":{"def":"The practical viability of a technology, project or transition option, understood as whether it can be realized given financial, technical and social conditions. It is treated as a condition that can be enabled or lacking, and as shaping adoption and planning.","topic":"Planning","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: examples stress \"financial feasibility\" as a barrier, so economic, though technical and social uses also appear. dimension: government and public support enable it, suggesting a policy context. uncertainty: Example 3 fits weakly and mixes technical and financial senses. theoretical_significance: mediates between enablers and adoption in simple chains.","rgt":["High_Feasibility","Low_Feasibility"],"significance":2,"n":7,"studies":6},"financial_barrier":{"def":"Economic or monetary obstacle, such as cost or market-related hurdles, that limits the uptake, implementation or fair availability of energy technologies. It is distinguished from technological, institutional and social barriers, and is sometimes triggered by institutional barriers.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: economic considerations and \"market (economic)\" obstacles fit the Economic aspect. dimension: adoption and implementation by investors, firms and consumers suggests market uptake, though the role is not always explicit. uncertainty: some sources are general barrier overviews, so the stakeholder context is loosely defined.","rgt":["Low_Financial_Barrier","High_Financial_Barrier"],"significance":2,"n":5,"studies":5},"financial_instrument":{"def":"A financial mechanism or scheme, such as funding arrangements or benefit schemes, used to mobilise capital or support for energy technologies and projects. It is distinct from general government support and is examined for effects on technology prospects, transition financing and opposition.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: financial schemes fit the economic aspect (\"financial instruments\", \"financial schemes\"). dimension: contexts span national CCS policy, transition financing and wind opposition, so policy-level acceptance is most defensible. uncertainty: the usages are loosely coded and the causal direction is hedged (\"appear to have enhanced\").","rgt":["Effective_Financial_Instruments","Ineffective_Financial_Instruments"],"significance":2,"n":3,"studies":3},"financing":{"def":"The provision of or access to funds, credit and capital for acquiring, building or deploying energy technologies. It is seen as an enabling resource when available and a barrier when access is limited, and is shaped by lenders' risk views and cooperation between actors.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: credit and funding are economic; \"access to credit facilities is a significant hurdle\". dimension: lenders, investors and adopters indicate market context. uncertainty: financing both enables and constrains adoption and deployment depending on access.","rgt":["Accessible_Financing","Limited_Financing_Access"],"significance":2,"n":11,"studies":9},"foreign_investment":{"def":"Capital and aid flowing from external, foreign sources into a country's energy sector, such as to expand electrification. It is viewed as a potential driver of the energy transition, though its effect is presented as conditional on how it is structured.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: financing flows fit the economic aspect. dimension: framed at the level of national and regional policy, with no consumer or local resident role, so Socio-Political. uncertainty: single source, and the enabling role is conditional (\"need to be reshaped\"). theoretical_significance: contextual only.","rgt":["Well_Aligned_Investment","Misaligned_Investment"],"significance":1,"n":1,"studies":1},"fossil_based_economy":{"def":"An economic and political structure organised around fossil fuel extraction, supply and use, whose dependence on natural gas, oil or coal is framed as a structural brake on alternative energy businesses, sustainability and transition progress.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: economic structure, as in \"fossil-based economy and energy policies\". dimension: institutional and political context, e.g. \"political and economic landscape\", rather than a consumer or local-resident role. uncertainty: it also has a juridical-political reading, and relations are partly hypothetical. synthesis: constraint wording recurs across sources but with few mechanisms.","rgt":["Diversified_Low_Carbon_Economy","Fossil_Dependent_Economy"],"significance":3,"n":5,"studies":5},"fossil_fuel_association":{"def":"The linkage of a technology, option or attitude with fossil fuels or non-renewable energy sources, whether through perceived alignment or preference. It frames how stakeholders interpret that technology, including its environmental drawbacks.","topic":"Technology","aspect":15,"aspect_label":"Fiducial","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"LOW","reasoning":"aspect: association is a perceptual framing; 'CCS was aligned to fossil fuels' suggests conviction-based belief, but Sensitive or Physical readings compete. dimension: national public opinion and political views. uncertainty: usage mixes preference, alignment and the label for non-renewable sources.","rgt":["Weak_Fossil_Fuel_Association","Strong_Fossil_Fuel_Association"],"significance":2,"n":4,"studies":4},"fuel_provision":{"def":"The infrastructures and practices through which fuel is supplied to households or users of an energy technology, treated as part of the surrounding arrangements that accompany a technology change, alongside maintenance and repair.","topic":"Infrastructure","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: fuel supply is an energy-system infrastructure and practice, so Physical, though practices also have a social side. dimension: the excerpt concerns households adopting \"new heaters\", so user adoption is the context. uncertainty: a single source, with the direction of influence not given.","rgt":["Reliable_Fuel_Provision","Unreliable_Fuel_Provision"],"significance":2,"n":1,"studies":1},"funding":{"def":"Financial resources, such as grants, subsidies, donor support or agency budgets, made available to develop, implement or sustain energy projects and related activities. Its availability, continuity or absence is described as shaping whether and how projects proceed, distinct from the cost of the technology itself.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: financial resources fit the economic aspect (\"lack of funding\", \"discontinuation of funds\"). dimension: funding comes from governments, donors and agencies, so institutional context predominates, though market actors may be involved. uncertainty: relations are mixed, enabling and constraining deployment depending on presence or absence.","rgt":["Adequate_Sustained_Funding","Inadequate_Discontinued_Funding"],"significance":2,"n":5,"studies":5},"funding_scheme":{"def":"A structured arrangement for providing financial resources to support an activity, here framed as a prerequisite for scaling technology deployment and led mainly by public actors, sometimes with private participation.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: financing arrangement, an economic concern (\"appropriate funding schemes\"). dimension: public-sector leadership (\"mostly led by public sector\") suggests institutional context, but the evidence is a single hypothetical statement, so the dimension is tentative.","rgt":["Appropriate_Funding_Scheme","Inadequate_Funding_Scheme"],"significance":1,"n":2,"studies":1},"gender":{"def":"A demographic category distinguishing respondents as male or female, used as a background characteristic along which differences in knowledge, awareness, attitudes, support and behaviour are examined.","topic":"Social","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: a social-group demographic, e.g. \"male respondents\", \"women have higher levels of awareness\"; Social fits better than Sensitive. dimension: contexts vary across CCS support, smart energy and Just Transition knowledge, with no predominant one. uncertainty: Example 3 maps \"demographics\" to gender, a loose normalization.","rgt":["Male","Female"],"significance":1,"n":9,"studies":8},"government_role":{"def":"The part played by government in steering, supporting or managing energy technologies and transitions, through financing, guidance and management. It is distinct from specific policy instruments, and is framed as a precondition or lever for viability, sustainability and public support.","topic":"Governance","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: institutional governance, e.g. \"role of governments in guiding and managing regional energy transitions\". dimension: state actors and institutional legitimacy. uncertainty: one relation presents the role as constraining adoption, others as enabling.","rgt":["Effective_Government_Role","Ineffective_Government_Role"],"significance":3,"n":8,"studies":7},"government_support":{"def":"State backing for a technology or transition, expressed through incentives, financial instruments or policy effort, and discussed as a factor that can improve prospects, economic viability and uptake.","topic":"Governance","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: institutional backing via \"government incentives\" and \"government efforts\" fits juridical/governance, though incentives have economic features. dimension: policy and institutional context. uncertainty: effects are hedged (\"appear to have enhanced\"), and the evidence is limited.","rgt":["Strong_Government_Support","Weak_Government_Support"],"significance":2,"n":6,"studies":6},"heat_pumps":{"def":"Electric heating technology that supplies building heat and can replace fossil-based heating systems, treated as an electrified end-use whose deployment alters demand on the electricity system.","topic":"Technology","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Technical-Scientific","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: energy system technology, physical. dimension: excerpt concerns system-level needs (\"34% more electricity storage is needed\"), a technical assessment. uncertainty: single source, no stakeholder perception evidence.","rgt":["Widespread_Heat_Pump_Adoption","Fossil_Based_Heating"],"significance":2,"n":1,"studies":1},"heating_ecology":{"def":"The configuration of domestic heating practices, technologies, infrastructures and institutions within which heating is performed and may change. It is treated as shaping the outcomes of low-carbon heating transitions and policy, and as exhibiting lock-in.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"LOW","reasoning":"aspect: heating as social practice, with \"lock-in mechanisms\" at the level of \"social practices\". dimension: policy and transition outcomes. uncertainty: usage is loose, described as the \"closest existing concept for heating practices\", and one excerpt stands for decarbonisation of heating, so relations are hypothetical.","rgt":["Adaptable_Heating_Practices","Locked_In_Heating_Practices"],"significance":2,"n":3,"studies":3},"hydrogen_cofiring":{"def":"The practice of burning hydrogen together with conventional fuel in existing power generation plants, discussed as a transitional option offering emissions reduction, efficiency gains and compatibility with existing infrastructure.","topic":"Technology","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Technical-Scientific","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: energy system and fuel-use technology, with \"compatibility with existing infrastructure\". dimension: evaluated as a technical option and policy strategy (\"regulatory support, and public engagement\"). uncertainty: only two mentions from one source, so the dimension is tentative; significance omitted.","rgt":["Effective_Low_Emission_Cofiring","Ineffective_High_Emission_Cofiring"],"significance":null,"n":3,"studies":1},"hydrogen_production":{"def":"The generation of hydrogen as an energy carrier, for example by electrolysis or fossil-based routes with carbon capture, viewed as a way to provide storage and balance renewable intermittency. It is seen as limited by high costs and as having uncertain effects on public support.","topic":"Technology","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: energy system and material process (\"hydrogen electrolysis\"). dimension: framed in terms of public support and the energy transition, with no single stakeholder role. uncertainty: the excerpts also stress economic cost and the role of local purpose, so the dimension is not clear-cut.","rgt":["Low_Cost_Hydrogen_Production","High_Cost_Hydrogen_Production"],"significance":2,"n":6,"studies":4},"in_situ_burning":{"def":"An oil spill response method that burns spilled oil at the spill site, framed as a technology for reducing harm to marine resources. Its use often depends on approval from multiple oversight agencies and has been controversial.","topic":"Technology","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: a physical response technology (\"burning as an available oil spill response method\"). dimension: use \"requires the approval of many different oversight agencies\" and is \"controversial\", pointing to institutional legitimacy. uncertainty: Technical-Scientific is a competing reading; evidence comes from one source.","rgt":["Approved_Mitigation_Option","Restricted_Controversial_Option"],"significance":2,"n":2,"studies":1},"inequality":{"def":"Unequal distribution of economic and social benefits, burdens and opportunities among groups, often affecting already vulnerable or low-income communities. In the corpus it is treated as a possible outcome that can be deepened or widened, rather than reduced, by energy measures and decision processes.","topic":"Social","aspect":14,"aspect_label":"Ethical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: concerns fairness and distribution, e.g. \"disproportionately affecting already vulnerable communities\", so Ethical; economic readings are possible. dimension: framed at the societal and policy level, not by one stakeholder role. uncertainty: the excerpts mix economic and socioeconomic framing. Theoretical significance is omitted.","rgt":["Low_Inequality","High_Inequality"],"significance":null,"n":4,"studies":4},"information_attention":{"def":"The degree to which people attend to or engage with information, or with the level of detail provided, about technologies or projects. It is distinct from awareness and from the information content itself, and may or may not shape perceptions or choices.","topic":"Communication","aspect":9,"aspect_label":"Lingual","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: information engagement fits Lingual. dimension: contexts are mixed, with participant portfolio choices (market) and cross-country public awareness (socio-political), so no predominance. uncertainty: Example 2 maps 'level of project detail' only loosely to attention. significance: only narrow, inconclusive claims.","rgt":["High_Information_Attention","Low_Information_Attention"],"significance":1,"n":2,"studies":2},"information_search":{"def":"The process by which people actively seek out information about energy technologies, treated as a behavior that can be directed by orientations and affective reactions.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":9,"aspect_label":"Lingual","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: information seeking is a communicative/informational activity (\"guided their information search\"), though it could be read as behavioral. dimension: single source with general participants, no clear stakeholder role. significance: one excerpt, contextual only.","rgt":["Active_Information_Search","Passive_Information_Avoidance"],"significance":1,"n":2,"studies":1},"infrastructure_distance":{"def":"The spatial separation between a proposed energy installation and existing infrastructure or sensitive land uses. It is treated as a siting attribute that bears on site viability, deployment and stakeholder preferences.","topic":"Infrastructure","aspect":2,"aspect_label":"Spatial","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: spatial siting concept, \"distance from existing infrastructure\", \"proximity to local infrastructure\". dimension: place-based siting and resident preferences, though also feasibility context. uncertainty: usage mixes grid proximity feasibility with distancing from impacts.","rgt":["Close_Infrastructure_Proximity","Distant_From_Infrastructure"],"significance":2,"n":18,"studies":15},"infrastructure_lock_in":{"def":"The persistence of existing or committed infrastructure and associated institutions that entrenches path dependence and limits the pace, direction or sustainability of change in energy systems. It differs from general technology cost or performance by emphasizing inertia from built systems and dependence on fossil-based arrangements.","topic":"Infrastructure","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: refers to built energy infrastructure and its material persistence, though institutions \"contribute to infrastructure lock-in and path dependence\" suggests a Juridical/Social reading. dimension: institutional and system-level context. uncertainty: one example approximates it as nascent carbon storage infrastructure, a looser use.","rgt":["Flexible_Infrastructure","Infrastructure_Lock_In"],"significance":3,"n":8,"studies":5},"installation_cost":{"def":"The upfront capital outlay required to purchase and set up an energy technology or system, treated as a financial burden that affects uptake and downstream energy or production costs.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: economic, as the cost of purchase and setup (\"installation cost was the most significant barrier\"). dimension: adopters and investors face upfront costs, so market acceptance. Relations are barrier claims and a hedged sensitivity finding (\"could play a key role\"). Theoretical role is a narrow barrier claim.","rgt":["Low_Installation_Cost","High_Installation_Cost"],"significance":2,"n":4,"studies":4},"institutional_barrier":{"def":"Obstacles arising from institutional arrangements, such as rules, governance structures, path-dependent institutions and lock-in mechanisms, that limit the diffusion, adoption or deployment of energy technologies and the wider transition, and that may reinforce financial and technological barriers.","topic":"Governance","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: institutions, governance and rules point to the juridical aspect. dimension: excerpts concern policy and institutional context, e.g. \"Institutional barriers for the diffusion of large-scale solar power\" and \"institutions that contribute to infrastructure lock-in\". synthesis: it explains inertia and triggers other barriers, but the mechanisms are narrow.","rgt":["Enabling_Institutions","Institutional_Barriers"],"significance":3,"n":19,"studies":14},"institutional_reform":{"def":"Change to the rules, structures or arrangements of governing institutions in the energy system, discussed as an outcome of conflict, participation or cooperation and as a prerequisite for wider system change and deployment.","topic":"Governance","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: institutional governance change, e.g. \"social conflict leads to institutional change\", fits juridical. dimension: policy and institutional legitimacy context. Relations are prescriptive or investigated, not established.","rgt":["Effective_Institutional_Reform","Institutional_Stagnation"],"significance":2,"n":5,"studies":4},"interest":{"def":"A person's attentiveness to or engagement with a technology or issue, treated as the personal importance it holds for them. It is distinct from favourable evaluation, and is described as shaped by climate concern and knowledge.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: interest is a psychological orientation, e.g. \"personally important\" and \"interest and engagement\". dimension: contexts mix public, consumer and adopter stances with no clear predominance. uncertainty: the nearest existing concept is attitude; usage varies between concern-driven curiosity and personal importance.","rgt":["High_Interest","Low_Interest"],"significance":2,"n":7,"studies":7},"international_collaboration":{"def":"Cooperation among countries or institutions across borders, such as joint work, shared knowledge and coordinated effort, framed as a factor that supports energy technology deployment and the wider energy transition. It is described as important yet little studied.","topic":"Governance","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: cooperation among countries is a collective relationship, so Social rather than Juridical. dimension: institutional and policy context, e.g. \"strong policy frameworks\" and \"promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy\". uncertainty: effects are recommended or listed as factors, not tested. synthesis: not filled.","rgt":["Strong_International_Collaboration","Weak_International_Collaboration"],"significance":2,"n":4,"studies":4},"intrinsic_driver":{"def":"An internal motivation, such as personal conviction or commitment, that prompts actors to engage in energy-related action or behaviour, as distinct from external barriers or incentives. It is presented as sustaining engagement and as one of the factors shaping sustainable energy behaviour.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: motivations are psychological states, so Sensitive rather than Fiducial. dimension: 'solar businesspeople' are supply-side market actors; the second excerpt is general. uncertainty: 'motivations' may also include value-based conviction. Theoretical role is only contextual, so significance is omitted.","rgt":["Strong_Intrinsic_Motivation","Weak_Intrinsic_Motivation"],"significance":null,"n":2,"studies":2},"investment":{"def":"The commitment of capital, public or private, to develop or scale an energy technology or project. It is treated as a prerequisite for rollout and is shaped by uncertainty, acceptance, ownership and engagement.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: capital commitment, e.g. \"will require massive investments\", is economic. dimension: investors and financing decisions, e.g. \"factors inhibiting CCS investment\", support market acceptance. synthesis: recurring enabling role for deployment, but with no developed mechanism.","rgt":["High_Investment_Confidence","Low_Investment_Confidence"],"significance":2,"n":17,"studies":15},"knowledge":{"def":"Stakeholders' understanding, information or awareness about a technology, its risks and benefits, or related issues, whether self-perceived or measured. It is distinct from attitudes or trust and is often treated as a possible precondition for support or informed decision-making.","topic":"Knowledge","aspect":7,"aspect_label":"Analytical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: understanding and information, e.g. \"lack of quality information\", fits Analytical rather than Lingual communication. dimension: mostly public opinion toward technologies like CCS and transition policy. uncertainty: self-perceived versus actual knowledge; deficit-model assumption is untested. synthesis: explicit deficit-model mechanism.","rgt":["High_Knowledge","Low_Knowledge"],"significance":3,"n":59,"studies":47},"land_use_planning":{"def":"The planning and management of how land and sea areas are allocated and used, including for energy infrastructure, often integrated with energy planning and collaborative or inclusive practices; treated as a prerequisite for deploying energy projects.","topic":"Planning","aspect":8,"aspect_label":"Formative","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: planning and design of spatial use, e.g. \"inclusive planning practices\", so Formative rather than Spatial. dimension: institutional and policy framing of transition management. uncertainty: siting (Spatial) and governance (Juridical) readings compete. synthesis: prerequisite role for deployment.","rgt":["Integrated_Collaborative_Planning","Fragmented_Exclusionary_Planning"],"significance":2,"n":7,"studies":7},"land_use_system":{"def":"The pattern of how land is occupied and used, including monofunctional or multifunctional uses, and the spatial arrangements tied to landscape values. It is treated as a structuring context that can entrench existing energy pathways or shape project design.","topic":"Planning","aspect":2,"aspect_label":"Spatial","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: land occupancy and 'monofunctional landuse' are spatial arrangements. dimension: place-based, linked to landscape values and local conflict, though Socio-Political readings are possible. uncertainty: sources span lock-in, design and occupancy trends, so usage varies.","rgt":["Multifunctional_Land_Use","Monofunctional_Land_Use"],"significance":3,"n":5,"studies":5},"landscape_value":{"def":"The worth attached to a landscape, including its visual and rural character, which stakeholders see as affected by energy infrastructure and which may entrench existing land-use and energy pathways.","topic":"Environment","aspect":12,"aspect_label":"Aesthetic","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: landscape and visual quality anchor the Aesthetic aspect; excerpts mention \"negatively impact the existing rural landscape\". dimension: place-based resident concerns. uncertainty: also treated as a structural \"lock in\" factor, a looser use; evidence is thin and mixed.","rgt":["Preserved_Landscape_Value","Degraded_Landscape_Value"],"significance":2,"n":7,"studies":7},"local_authorities":{"def":"Public bodies and regulators operating at the local level, including project-initiating actors, who decide on permitting, control impacts and shape participation opportunities. They are portrayed as sceptical of technology consequences, and as gatekeepers whose decisions influence adoption.","topic":"Actors","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: institutional governance and decision authority, e.g. \"distrusted regulators\". dimension: institutions and legitimacy. uncertainty: regulators and project-initiating actors are only loosely mapped to this code; usage mixes sceptic, enabler and regulator roles.","rgt":["Effective_Local_Governance","Ineffective_Local_Governance"],"significance":2,"n":6,"studies":6},"local_economic_conditions":{"def":"The prevailing material and economic circumstances of a locality or its households, including local employment, income, welfare standing and local value chains. It is examined as a context that may condition attitudes, policy support, acceptance and vulnerability.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: economic circumstances such as \"material standing\" and local sourcing through \"local farmers and manufacturers\". dimension: place-based local context, though policy support is also studied. uncertainty: usages range from local value chains to household welfare. synthesis: claims are narrow and lack articulated mechanisms.","rgt":["Favourable_Local_Economy","Deprived_Local_Economy"],"significance":2,"n":5,"studies":4},"locality":{"def":"The local, place-based setting or scale of a technology or project, examined as a possible influence on how it is accepted or on how people vote. Its effect is treated as a contextual factor and is not established.","topic":"Planning","aspect":2,"aspect_label":"Spatial","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: spatial, since 'locality' denotes place or local proximity. dimension: place-based context, though outcomes include electoral behaviour. uncertainty: single source reporting 'does not seem to have an effect at all', so the relation is inconclusive. Theoretical role is contextual.","rgt":["Strong_Local_Embeddedness","Weak_Local_Embeddedness"],"significance":1,"n":2,"studies":1},"maintenance_practice":{"def":"The ongoing upkeep, inspection and repair of an energy technology and its supporting infrastructure, including the practices and costs involved. It is distinct from initial installation or fuel supply, and is described as bearing on adoption, operating costs and willingness to support.","topic":"Infrastructure","aspect":8,"aspect_label":"Formative","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: upkeep and repair as practices of sustaining artifacts, so Formative, though cost uses (\"costs for inspections and maintenance offshore are much higher\") suggest Economic. dimension: contexts differ (household heater adopters, offshore operators, public support) with no predominance. uncertainty: relation directions are often unstated.","rgt":["Accessible_Low_Cost_Maintenance","Burdensome_Costly_Maintenance"],"significance":2,"n":4,"studies":3},"marginalization":{"def":"The degree to which a population or area is socially and economically deprived or excluded, treated as a graded level that is linked to differences in energy needs, technology uptake and local energy transition outcomes.","topic":"Social","aspect":14,"aspect_label":"Ethical","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: social deprivation and equity (\"linking deployment to equity\") suggest Ethical, though Social is a competing reading. dimension: measured at municipality or state level, \"community's welfare\", so place-based. uncertainty: relations are hypothesized or directionless (\"depending on the marginalization level\").","rgt":["Low_Marginalization","High_Marginalization"],"significance":2,"n":3,"studies":2},"media_narrative":{"def":"The storylines and discursive framings about energy technologies that circulate in news media, which shape how technologies, their risks and their benefits are portrayed and may affect public understanding and uptake. Distinct from public awareness, it concerns the framing content itself.","topic":"Communication","aspect":9,"aspect_label":"Lingual","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: news storylines and discursive trends are communicative content (\"three storylines\", \"discursive trends\"). dimension: media shaping public opinion and legitimacy, not place-based or market roles. uncertainty: influence direction is open (\"drive or hinder\"), but the definition is clear.","rgt":["Balanced_Media_Narrative","Polarized_Media_Narrative"],"significance":3,"n":20,"studies":11},"message_complexity":{"def":"The degree of difficulty of information as presented to an audience, ranging from simple to complex. It is treated as a design feature of communication that can be manipulated or reduced through format, and as a hindrance to conveying technical information.","topic":"Communication","aspect":9,"aspect_label":"Lingual","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: concerns how information is conveyed (\"complexity of conveying information\"), so Lingual. dimension: public-facing message experiments and general population communication, not local or market roles. uncertainty: only three sources, mixed experimental and descriptive uses. synthesis: mediation via \"reduced information complexity\" gives an explicit mechanism.","rgt":["Low_Message_Complexity","High_Message_Complexity"],"significance":3,"n":3,"studies":3},"monitoring_intensity":{"def":"The extent or density of instrumentation and surveillance applied at a technology site, treated as a feature that may signal risk to stakeholders or affect their assurance; distinct from the optimization of monitoring for cost.","topic":"Risk","aspect":7,"aspect_label":"Analytical","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"LOW","reasoning":"aspect: monitoring is an assessment procedure, so Analytical. dimension: stakeholders at sites ('heavily-instrumented sites communicate higher risk to a stakeholder') suggests place-based acceptance. uncertainty: single source, open question; the stakeholder role is not explicit. Theoretical role is only a posed question.","rgt":["Proportionate_Monitoring","Excessive_Monitoring"],"significance":2,"n":1,"studies":1},"monitoring_optimization":{"def":"The refinement or adaptive adjustment of monitoring approaches, for example to improve cost-effectiveness or through adaptive management, treated as a process that may alter how stakeholders view assurance and risk. Usage differs between cost-driven streamlining and iterative adaptive management.","topic":"Planning","aspect":8,"aspect_label":"Formative","dimension":"Technical-Scientific","confidence":"LOW","reasoning":"aspect: refining monitoring approaches is design/management of procedures, so Formative rather than Analytical. dimension: monitoring is a technical context, though effects concern stakeholders. uncertainty: only two sources; one maps \"adaptive management\" to this code as the closest concept, and the effect on assurance is posed as an open question.","rgt":["Adaptive_Monitoring","Static_Monitoring"],"significance":2,"n":2,"studies":2},"multi-faceted_dynamics":{"def":"The interplay of several interlinked factors or levels (individual, societal, technical, cross-sectoral) that jointly shape how the energy transition unfolds or is understood. It is distinguished from single-factor explanations by its breadth and interdependence.","topic":"Worldview","aspect":7,"aspect_label":"Analytical","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: used as a distinguishing, explanatory framing ('multifaceted understanding', 'cross-sectoral dynamics'), so Analytical over Social. dimension: contexts differ (laypeople understanding, hydrogen deployment barriers, general transition success) with no predominance. uncertainty: relations vary between enabling, constraining and influencing.","rgt":["Integrated_Multi-Level_Understanding","Fragmented_Single-Factor_Understanding"],"significance":2,"n":4,"studies":4},"networking":{"def":"The building and maintenance of interconnections among actors such as firms, partners, activists or community members. It is used both for inter-firm links and for horizontal, community-anchored networks, and is portrayed as a channel through which success, feedback and innovation arise.","topic":"Social","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: social relations among actors, e.g. \"horizontal networks\" and \"inter-connection of the firm with its foreign partners\". dimension: contexts differ (firm internationalization, local community activism, community energy networks) with no clear predominance. uncertainty: the corpus links it to adoption only via a proxy. significance: separate narrow claims, no integrated mechanism.","rgt":["Strong_Networking","Weak_Networking"],"significance":2,"n":4,"studies":3},"noise":{"def":"Sound emitted by an energy technology, treated as a measurable performance criterion and an environmental nuisance factor. It is assessed alongside cost and emissions when judging a technology's suitability.","topic":"Environment","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Technical-Scientific","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: noise levels are a physical, measurable output of systems, though it could be read as Sensitive (annoyance). dimension: used as a criterion in a decision-maker assessment framework, not a stakeholder role. uncertainty: single source; link to acceptance is asserted as 'crucial', not tested.","rgt":["Low_Noise","High_Noise"],"significance":1,"n":1,"studies":1},"occupant_behaviour":{"def":"The ways in which people using or living in a building or place act, and through their actions or lived experience shape energy use. Usage varies: in one excerpt it denotes behaviour affecting consumption; in another it loosely stands for local personal experiences.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"LOW","reasoning":"aspect: behaviour of occupants as a social practice, though 'local experiences' leans toward Sensitive. dimension: contexts differ (building energy management vs. public evaluation of energy technologies), no predominance. uncertainty: the second use is flagged as 'closest existing concept', so the meaning is stretched.","rgt":["Energy_Conscious_Behaviour","Energy_Wasteful_Behaviour"],"significance":1,"n":2,"studies":2},"optimism":{"def":"A positive, hopeful outlook about the prospects of a technology or the future of energy and environmental conditions. It may be uncritical when it overlooks risks and uncertainties, and is presented as shaping attitudes, support and risk judgments.","topic":"Worldview","aspect":15,"aspect_label":"Fiducial","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: conviction about future prospects, e.g. \"blind optimism in the technical prospects\", \"techno-optimism\", fits Fiducial rather than momentary emotion. dimension: media discourse and public opinion suggest broad societal context. uncertainty: usage ranges from technology-specific to general environmental optimism.","rgt":["Realistic_Optimism","Pessimism"],"significance":2,"n":5,"studies":5},"participation":{"def":"Involvement of citizens, communities and other actors in energy decisions, projects or ownership, understood as opportunities to take part in processes and shape outcomes. It is distinct from acceptance, which is a stance, and is described as open to or limited by institutional and local conditions.","topic":"Participation","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: collective involvement of actors, e.g. \"participatory process including all actors\". dimension: policy, institutions and public legitimacy dominate, though local project actors also appear. synthesis: participation is described as a precondition for decarbonization and deployment, a narrow mechanism across sources.","rgt":["Inclusive_Participation","Limited_Participation"],"significance":3,"n":54,"studies":37},"payment_method":{"def":"The arrangement by which energy users pay for energy consumption, such as prepayment meters or pay-as-you-use schemes. It is distinguished from price level by describing how payment occurs, and may affect how energy-related concepts like efficiency are understood.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: payment arrangements for energy are economic, e.g. \"prepayment meters to pay-as-you-use\". dimension: residents act as energy consumers. uncertainty: single source; community setting could support Community_Acceptance. theoretical_significance: one excerpt links it to cost-based framing without developed mechanism.","rgt":["Flexible_Payment_Method","Restrictive_Payment_Method"],"significance":2,"n":1,"studies":1},"perceived_behavioural_control":{"def":"An individual's perceived ability or capacity to carry out a behaviour, such as adopting a technology, treated as a factor shaping intention to act. It reflects self-assessed control rather than attitude or social pressure.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: a psychological self-perception, hence Sensitive rather than Fiducial. dimension: framed as a factor of \"intention to adopt renewable energy technology\", i.e. adopter uptake. uncertainty: single source; aspect could be read as Analytical (a theory construct).","rgt":["High_Perceived_Control","Low_Perceived_Control"],"significance":2,"n":1,"studies":1},"perceived_ease_of_use":{"def":"A user's belief that adopting or using a technology requires little effort, treated as a TAM-type belief that mediates between other factors and attitude or adoption intention. It is distinct from perceived usefulness, which concerns expected benefit.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: a subjective judgment of effort, so Sensitive rather than Fiducial. dimension: adopters' intention to adopt, e.g. \"adoption intention\", fits market uptake. uncertainty: evidence is sparse and the dimension is inferred from adopter role. synthesis: excerpts show a mediating role, \"play multiple mediating roles\", in a chain.","rgt":["High_Perceived_Ease_Of_Use","Low_Perceived_Ease_Of_Use"],"significance":3,"n":3,"studies":2},"perceived_usefulness":{"def":"The degree to which a technology is believed to be beneficial or to serve a user's purposes, treated as a belief that shapes attitudes toward and uptake of the technology and that may transmit the effects of other factors.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: a belief about benefit, read as a perception-based evaluation (Sensitive) rather than a conviction (Fiducial). dimension: users' adoption intention, as in \"intention to adopt renewable energy technology\". uncertainty: only two sources, and Fiducial is a competing reading. synthesis: it mediates network effects via \"multiple mediating roles\".","rgt":["High_Perceived_Usefulness","Low_Perceived_Usefulness"],"significance":3,"n":2,"studies":2},"perception":{"def":"The way stakeholders or the public view, interpret and evaluate energy technologies, projects, risks or policies, shaped by values, knowledge and experience. It is a subjective appraisal that precedes and differs from formal acceptance or adoption behaviour.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: perception as subjective appraisal, e.g. 'perceptions of solar PV systems', fits Sensitive. dimension: uses span households (market), residents and 'public perception' (socio-political) without clear predominance. uncertainty: some excerpts stress values and emotions, which could read as Fiducial.","rgt":["Favourable_Perception","Unfavourable_Perception"],"significance":3,"n":40,"studies":28},"personal_and_social_factors":{"def":"A broad category of individual and social characteristics of people, such as socio-economic, cultural and personal features, treated as shaping how stakeholders assess, accept or take part in energy transition measures, beyond technological and economic considerations.","topic":"Social","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: social factors \"deeply embedded in the complex social and cultural factors\" fit the Social aspect. dimension: usage concerns general public acceptance and policy-making, not one role. uncertainty: umbrella label mixing personal, socio-economic and cultural features; influence claims often hypothesised.","rgt":["Supportive_Social_Context","Unsupportive_Social_Context"],"significance":2,"n":33,"studies":21},"place_attachment":{"def":"An emotional and personal bond between people and a particular place or landscape, including their sense of relationship to it. It is distinct from mere proximity or residence and is treated as shaping how people view energy technologies and transitions.","topic":"Social","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: affective bond with place, \"personal relationship ... to the landscape\", fits Sensitive rather than Spatial. dimension: place-based, local-community context. uncertainty: some uses blur attachment with place of residence (\"one's place\"); influence direction is unspecified.","rgt":["Strong_Place_Attachment","Weak_Place_Attachment"],"significance":2,"n":12,"studies":8},"place_scale":{"def":"The spatial level at which a place is referenced or framed, such as local, regional or national. It is treated as a characteristic of how places are mentioned, and is reported as associated with differences in emotional expression.","topic":"Social","aspect":2,"aspect_label":"Spatial","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: spatial level of places mentioned in posts, hence Spatial. dimension: place-based framing in social media suggests community acceptance, though no stakeholder role is explicit. uncertainty: single source; the association is described as \"related to some differences\" and varies by hashtag.","rgt":["Locally_Grounded_Place_Framing","Distant_Place_Framing"],"significance":1,"n":1,"studies":1},"plant_construction":{"def":"The physical building of an energy generation facility or project, treated as the stage at which general technology acceptance meets a specific site. It can be slowed by public resistance and may provoke conflict, while direct exposure to construction is associated with acceptance.","topic":"Infrastructure","aspect":8,"aspect_label":"Formative","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: construction of an artifact, so Formative rather than Physical. dimension: place-based, citing \"community members in a certain region\" and \"resistance from the public\", though public legitimacy is also present. uncertainty: relations are hedged (\"may rise conflicts\") or correlational.","rgt":["Smooth_Plant_Construction","Contested_Plant_Construction"],"significance":2,"n":6,"studies":6},"plant_size":{"def":"The physical scale or capacity of an energy installation, distinguishing small, community or rooftop systems from large utility-scale facilities. It is treated as a project characteristic that is associated with differences in support, perceived impacts and sensitivity to siting.","topic":"Technology","aspect":1,"aspect_label":"Quantitative","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: size is a measurable scale of installations (\"utility scale\" vs \"community or rooftop\"). dimension: acceptance is framed around local siting and public support, though not always with explicit stakeholder roles. uncertainty: Quantitative versus Physical readings are plausible; Quantitative chosen.","rgt":["Appropriate_Plant_Size","Excessive_Plant_Size"],"significance":2,"n":4,"studies":3},"policy":{"def":"Government or institutional courses of action, measures and regulatory frameworks directed at energy technologies and their uptake. Described as both a driver and an obstacle, depending on its design, and as interdependent with economic and social considerations.","topic":"Governance","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: institutional governance, e.g. \"government policies\", \"upstream policies as the key political drivers\". dimension: institutional and policy actors. uncertainty: policy appears both as obstacle and as driver. synthesis: roles in several mechanisms, but not an integrative theory.","rgt":["Supportive_Policy_Framework","Obstructive_Policy_Framework"],"significance":3,"n":68,"studies":54},"policy_framework":{"def":"A set of legislative, regulatory and policy arrangements that structures how energy transition actors and technologies are guided. It is treated as a factor expected to enable or shape transition outcomes, participation and deployment, with its sufficiency sometimes questioned.","topic":"Governance","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: laws and policy governance, e.g. \"legislative and policy frameworks\". dimension: institutional and policymaker context. uncertainty: sufficiency is open (\"Are ... sufficient\"). synthesis: pivotal factor in transitions, but largely asserted rather than mechanistically developed.","rgt":["Clear_Policy_Framework","Unclear_Policy_Framework"],"significance":3,"n":12,"studies":11},"policy_success":{"def":"The degree to which a policy, strategy or intervention achieves its intended outcomes, treated as the result that enabling or constraining conditions are claimed to affect; used loosely also for the favourable evaluation of a strategy.","topic":"Governance","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: policy outcomes sit within governance and institutional action. dimension: excerpts concern policymakers and policy intervention, e.g. \"policy intervention\", \"hydrogen energy policies\". uncertainty: one use stands in for \"strategy evaluation\" and another is only approximated, so the boundary is loose.","rgt":["Successful_Policy","Failed_Policy"],"significance":2,"n":9,"studies":7},"policy_support":{"def":"Backing or favourable preference for energy policies and policy measures, held by the public or stakeholders and framed as a precondition for enabling deployment and sustaining behavioural change. Distinct from acceptance of a specific technology or project.","topic":"Governance","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: concerns backing for policy and institutional measures, hence juridical/governance. dimension: \"preferences toward energy policies\" and policy backing as prerequisite indicate socio-political legitimacy. uncertainty: could be read as attitudinal (sensitive); relations are mostly hypothetical. synthesis: ENABLES deployment and behavioural feedback.","rgt":["High_Policy_Support","Low_Policy_Support"],"significance":3,"n":20,"studies":15},"political_capital":{"def":"The political standing, leverage or institutional power that a technology, actor or position holds, allowing it to gain legitimacy, shape expectations and make some framings prevail over others. It is distinct from financial capital and appears as political fit or dominant power.","topic":"Governance","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: concerns political power and legitimacy, so Juridical/institutional governance. dimension: excerpts refer to \"dominant systems of energy power\" and policy fit, so Socio-Political. uncertainty: examples 2 and 3 only loosely proxy the concept, so usage varies between a technology's political fit and actors' power.","rgt":["High_Political_Support","Low_Political_Support"],"significance":2,"n":4,"studies":3},"political_identification":{"def":"An individual's alignment with a political current, ideology or party, treated as a characteristic that is associated with how people view and evaluate energy transition issues, and that may itself reflect such views.","topic":"Worldview","aspect":15,"aspect_label":"Fiducial","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: ideology and political current reflect conviction-based worldview, so Fiducial. dimension: excerpts address public opinion and ideological sympathies, supporting Socio-Political. uncertainty: direction of influence is unspecified and reversed in one excerpt (\"translate into ideological and political sympathies\"); significance not rated.","rgt":["Cross_Partisan_Support","Polarized_Political_Divide"],"significance":null,"n":3,"studies":3},"political_partisanship":{"def":"A person's party affiliation or political ideology, treated as a stable orientation that patterns attitudes, support and acceptance toward energy policies and technologies, often unevenly across parties and issues.","topic":"Worldview","aspect":15,"aspect_label":"Fiducial","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: partisanship and ideology reflect foundational convictions (\"ideological predispositions\"), so Fiducial rather than Juridical. dimension: outcomes are \"socio-political acceptance\" and public support for energy policy. uncertainty: party affiliation and ideology are merged; direction of relations is often unstated.","rgt":["Low_Partisan_Polarization","High_Partisan_Polarization"],"significance":3,"n":15,"studies":11},"politicisation":{"def":"The degree to which an energy technology or project becomes a subject of party-political contestation and partisan debate. In the excerpt it is examined as a possible influence on acceptance and electoral outcomes, with no effect found.","topic":"Governance","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: political contestation relates to institutional governance and power. dimension: tied to public acceptance and \"electoral outcomes\", so socio-political. uncertainty: single hedged source (\"does not seem to have an effect\"), limited definitional detail.","rgt":["Low_Politicisation","High_Politicisation"],"significance":1,"n":2,"studies":1},"population_density":{"def":"The number of people living per unit of land area, used as an indicator of settlement intensity that is treated as a determinant of where energy infrastructure sites can be located.","topic":"Planning","aspect":2,"aspect_label":"Spatial","dimension":"Technical-Scientific","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: spatial, as settlement density relates to location and siting. dimension: the single excerpt is a \"sensitivity analysis\" of site availability, so Technical-Scientific. uncertainty: only one source; the direction of the relation to site_feasibility is not clear, since density may constrain rather than enable.","rgt":["Low_Population_Density","High_Population_Density"],"significance":1,"n":1,"studies":1},"post_sales_intervention":{"def":"Support activities provided after a technology or product is sold, such as repair service or follow-up assistance, intended to help users keep using and accepting it as they adapt from established habits.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: after-sales support described as \"repair service\" and help sustaining adoption, framed as service relations with users, so Social. dimension: users as purchasers of cooking and solar products. uncertainty: only two sources; one is a stated requirement (hypothetical), the other reports repair service building trust. Economic and Formative aspects are plausible alternatives.","rgt":["Strong_Post_Sales_Support","Weak_Post_Sales_Support"],"significance":2,"n":3,"studies":2},"preference":{"def":"A stakeholder's relative favouring of one energy option, technology mix or siting arrangement over alternatives, expressed as a choice or ranking. It differs from acceptance in being comparative and is described as varying with affect, spatial exposure, beliefs and information.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: preferences are described as driven by \"affective reactions\", so Sensitive, though choice could be read as Economic. dimension: contexts span residents (\"distance to the coast\"), public opinion on the \"electricity mix\" and markets, with no clear predominance.","rgt":["Informed_Stable_Preference","Uninformed_Unstable_Preference"],"significance":2,"n":32,"studies":16},"pricing":{"def":"The setting of prices, tariffs or charges for energy goods and services, treated as a lever that shapes who bears costs and whether deployment is economically viable. It is distinct from cost, since it concerns price levels and structures rather than expenditure.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: economic, since pricing concerns \"electricity tariff\" and \"electricity price\" thresholds. dimension: consumer and investor roles (viability, household burden) suggest market context, though public acceptance links are also present. uncertainty: relations are largely prescriptive or hypothetical. synthesis: pricing appears in simple requirement claims, not a developed mechanism.","rgt":["Affordable_Pricing","Unaffordable_Pricing"],"significance":2,"n":4,"studies":3},"procedural_justice":{"def":"The perceived or actual fairness of the processes by which decisions about energy projects and policies are made, including who is heard and involved. It is distinct from fairness of outcomes and is treated as a basis for fair policy-making and for acceptance.","topic":"Governance","aspect":14,"aspect_label":"Ethical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: fairness of decision processes is a moral/equity matter (\"fair policy-making process\", \"perceived fairness\"), though it overlaps with juridical procedure. dimension: policy-making and public acceptance support socio-political, with some community acceptance links. uncertainty: sometimes operationalized as perceived fairness of planning.","rgt":["High_Procedural_Justice","Low_Procedural_Justice"],"significance":3,"n":6,"studies":6},"progress":{"def":"Advancement toward a goal or task, such as decarbonizing a power system or building a model, that can be speeded or hindered by external conditions. Used generically for the pace or extent of forward movement rather than a specific outcome.","topic":"Planning","aspect":3,"aspect_label":"Kinematic","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: progress denotes movement or advancement over time, hence Kinematic. dimension: one excerpt concerns geological modeling and the other grid decarbonization, so no predominant acceptance context. uncertainty: usage is generic and the two senses differ markedly; both frame progress as something that can be impeded (\"barrier to progress\").","rgt":["Rapid_Progress","Stalled_Progress"],"significance":1,"n":2,"studies":2},"property_ownership":{"def":"The holding of legal title to land, buildings or energy assets, or a stakeholder's status as owner versus non-owner (e.g. tenant, second-home owner), which determines who may install, invest in or benefit from energy technologies and may be associated with differing attitudes.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: ownership is treated as an economic entitlement enabling \"private investment and financing\" and excluding tenants from PV. dimension: investor and adopter roles predominate, though one use concerns resident type in local acceptance. uncertainty: usage spans asset ownership and resident status, a normalization decision.","rgt":["Broad_Ownership_Access","Restricted_Ownership_Access"],"significance":2,"n":14,"studies":9},"public_acceptance":{"def":"A favourable stance or tolerance among the general public toward an energy technology or project, treated as a precondition for its implementation; its absence is described as a barrier to adoption, construction and deployment.","topic":"Social","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: collective societal stance, cited as \"societal acceptance\" and a \"major barrier\" for CCS, so Social rather than Sensitive. dimension: broad public legitimacy rather than local or market actors. uncertainty: it partly overlaps with attitudes (Sensitive). synthesis: acceptance is a prerequisite in \"without parallel improvements in public acceptance\", which supports a mechanism-level role.","rgt":["High_Public_Acceptance","Low_Public_Acceptance"],"significance":3,"n":95,"studies":69},"public_awareness":{"def":"The extent to which the general public knows about or is informed of an energy technology, its issues or the transition. It is distinct from acceptance or support, and is treated as shaped by education, communication and engagement and as a possible precursor to adoption or action.","topic":"Knowledge","aspect":9,"aspect_label":"Lingual","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: awareness is about information held and communicated (\"educating people\", \"aware of these technologies\"), though cognitive readings are possible. dimension: general public level rather than local or market roles. uncertainty: some excerpts find acceptance \"despite limited awareness\", so its causal role is contested.","rgt":["High_Public_Awareness","Low_Public_Awareness"],"significance":2,"n":40,"studies":32},"public_education":{"def":"Efforts to inform and educate the general public about energy technologies or related concepts, proposed or used to build understanding, shape expectations and preferences, and prepare people for engagement with and uptake of technologies.","topic":"Communication","aspect":9,"aspect_label":"Lingual","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: education conveys information and knowledge, so Lingual. dimension: framed as policy recommendations, e.g. \"increased public education\", aimed at broad public acceptance. uncertainty: mostly hypothetical recommendations; one excerpt codes \"understanding\" here as the closest concept. synthesis: no articulated mechanism, so no significance rating.","rgt":["Widespread_Public_Education","Limited_Public_Education"],"significance":2,"n":11,"studies":9},"public_engagement":{"def":"The involvement of members of the public in discussions, planning and decision processes about energy technologies or projects, often early on and covering both project specifics and broader issues. It is distinct from acceptance, which is an outcome, and from awareness or education, which supply knowledge.","topic":"Participation","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: collective involvement, e.g. 'engage the public in discussions'. dimension: framed at the level of planning processes and policy strategy, not a specific local or market role. uncertainty: relations are mostly prescriptive or hypothetical, and knowledge and trust appear as both enablers and constraints.","rgt":["Early_Inclusive_Engagement","Absent_Or_Late_Engagement"],"significance":3,"n":25,"studies":18},"public_private_cooperation":{"def":"Collaboration between government bodies and private-sector actors, such as firms and investors, in developing and implementing energy technologies. It is framed as a prerequisite pooling capital, expertise and regulatory support, distinct from public engagement with citizens.","topic":"Governance","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: cooperation among institutional actors is a collective relation ('public and private collaboration'), though a juridical reading is plausible. dimension: institutional and policy actors predominate. uncertainty: one example uses it as a loose proxy for entrepreneurs; claims are mostly recommendations, so untested.","rgt":["Strong_Public_Private_Cooperation","Weak_Public_Private_Cooperation"],"significance":2,"n":11,"studies":10},"public_sector":{"def":"Government and publicly owned institutions as actors that lead, finance or provide energy technologies and projects, distinguished from private-sector and community actors.","topic":"Actors","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: institutional actor, anchored to governance, \"mostly led by public sector\". dimension: policy and institutional legitimacy context, though one excerpt concerns tenants' choices. uncertainty: funding role (economic) versus provider role (acceptance); only two excerpts, so no theoretical role beyond contextual.","rgt":["Active_Public_Sector_Leadership","Absent_Public_Sector_Leadership"],"significance":2,"n":2,"studies":2},"public_support":{"def":"A favourable stance or backing by the general public toward an energy technology, project or policy, treated as a social condition that can be gained or lacking and that is seen as enabling deployment and policy.","topic":"Social","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: collective backing, e.g. \"general public support\", fits Social over Sensitive attitudes. dimension: broad public legitimacy for technologies and policy, not local residents or consumers. uncertainty: overlaps with attitude and acceptance. synthesis: framed as obstacle (\"inability to gain public support\") and enabler of policy.","rgt":["High_Public_Support","Low_Public_Support"],"significance":3,"n":50,"studies":30},"pv_adoption":{"def":"The uptake or installation of photovoltaic systems by users or organisations, treated as a decision or outcome distinct from general technology adoption. It is described as shaped by electricity needs, policy and ownership conditions, and as contributing to the wider energy transition.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: uptake of PV as an installation or purchase decision, 'individual installations of PV systems', fits economic adoption, though the formative and juridical readings compete. dimension: consumers and property owners, with some governmental organisations, point to market uptake. uncertainty: the stakeholder role varies across excerpts.","rgt":["High_PV_Adoption","Low_PV_Adoption"],"significance":2,"n":9,"studies":5},"regulation":{"def":"Formal rules, mandates and standards set by public authorities that govern technology development and use. In the corpus it is described both as an enabling guardrail or incentive and as a limiting condition on deployment, adoption and coordination.","topic":"Governance","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: rules and mandates, e.g. \"strong regulations\" and \"explicit regulatory measures\", are juridical. dimension: institutional and policy context supports Socio-Political. uncertainty: usage is dual, both enabling (\"necessary conditions\") and constraining (\"challenge the ability\").","rgt":["Effective_Regulation","Ineffective_Regulation"],"significance":2,"n":12,"studies":12},"regulatory_framework":{"def":"The set of laws, rules, governance tools and institutional arrangements that govern energy technologies and projects. It can enable or limit deployment, participation, adoption and costs, depending on whether it is appropriate, coherent and suited to the technology.","topic":"Governance","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: laws and governance tools, e.g. \"legislative constraints\", \"legal and regulatory frameworks\", are juridical. dimension: institutional and policy context supports Socio-Political_Acceptance. synthesis: mostly framed as a barrier to deployment, though some sources describe it as enabling; mechanisms are narrow.","rgt":["Clear_Policy_Framework","Unclear_Policy_Framework"],"significance":2,"n":17,"studies":16},"regulatory_support":{"def":"Backing from public authorities and policy frameworks, such as rules, incentives and facilitating conditions, that creates conditions for a technology to be developed, deployed or adopted. It is treated as a prerequisite alongside investment, cooperation and public engagement.","topic":"Governance","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: regulation and institutional backing, e.g. \"regulatory support\", fit Juridical. dimension: policy and institutional context. uncertainty: one source maps \"Facilitating Conditions\" to it as the closest concept, which broadens its meaning; relations are prescriptive or hypothetical. synthesis: narrow enabling claims.","rgt":["Strong_Regulatory_Support","Weak_Regulatory_Support"],"significance":2,"n":4,"studies":4},"relative_advantage":{"def":"The perceived superiority or benefit of a technology or innovation compared with alternatives, treated as an innovation attribute that is associated with acceptance, support and risk perception.","topic":"Technology","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: perceived advantage is a perception-based appraisal (\"perceived relative advantage\"), so Sensitive rather than Economic. dimension: examples involve consumer support for hydrogen homes, but other contexts (deck officers, RSPSs) differ. uncertainty: Example 3 uses \"perceived benefit\", a normalized synonym.","rgt":["High_Relative_Advantage","Low_Relative_Advantage"],"significance":3,"n":4,"studies":4},"residents":{"def":"Local people living in or near a site of energy infrastructure, including Indigenous Peoples, who are positioned as actors able to resist or oppose deployment and transition plans, in contrast to broader national-level support.","topic":"Actors","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: residents are a collective social group, framed through \"local opposition\" and \"resistance\". dimension: place-based local actors opposing siting. Indigenous opposition is included as a usage variant. Theoretical role is contextual, so no significance is assigned.","rgt":["Supportive_Residents","Opposing_Residents"],"significance":null,"n":4,"studies":4},"resource_allocation":{"def":"The distribution or availability of limited resources, such as funds, capacities or territorial assets, across competing needs or activities. It is treated as a prerequisite for developing projects, shaping choices and addressing problems like value conflicts.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: resources are distributed under scarcity, e.g. \"Strategic resource allocation\", an economic framing. dimension: contexts differ (policy support for offshore development, local energy choices, conflict resolution) with no predominance. uncertainty: example 2 refers to territorial availability rather than deliberate allocation.","rgt":["Strategic_Resource_Allocation","Inadequate_Resource_Allocation"],"significance":2,"n":3,"studies":3},"resource_diversification":{"def":"Broadening the range of energy sources or electricity supply options within a system, rather than relying on a single source. It is described as a technical motivation for adopting a technology and as a desire for a diverse energy portfolio linked to favourable views.","topic":"Technology","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: concerns energy system composition, \"diversifying electricity resources via PV\", so Physical. dimension: contexts differ (governmental organisations adopting PV; public views of tidal energy), with no clear predominance. uncertainty: could be read as an Economic or strategic motive.","rgt":["Diverse_Energy_Portfolio","Single_Source_Dependence"],"significance":2,"n":2,"studies":2},"risk":{"def":"The possibility of adverse outcomes, such as technical, legal, policy or investment uncertainty, that affect energy projects and decisions. It is treated as a factor that shapes financial viability, performance and acceptance, and is itself shaped by perception, attitudes and institutional frameworks.","topic":"Risk","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: excerpts stress \"investment risks\" and effects on \"the business case\", so Economic. dimension: investor and financing context predominates. uncertainty: risk also appears as perceived risk and risk management in strategy evaluation, so the reading is mixed.","rgt":["Low_Risk","High_Risk"],"significance":2,"n":14,"studies":12},"risk_perception":{"def":"Subjective judgement by stakeholders of the likelihood and seriousness of hazards, harms or uncertainties associated with an energy technology or project. It is shaped by information, narratives and trust, and distinct from the objective risk it concerns.","topic":"Risk","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: perception of hazards, e.g. \"communicate higher risk to a stakeholder\", is a psychological response. dimension: relations to public_acceptance and acceptance suggest broad public stance, though local and market contexts also appear. uncertainty: one excerpt uses it loosely for \"individual-level perception measures\".","rgt":["Low_Risk_Perception","High_Risk_Perception"],"significance":3,"n":61,"studies":43},"sector_challenge":{"def":"Obstacles or difficulties specific to an energy sector or its providers, such as market, technological, organisational or administrative barriers, that limit the uptake, scaling or viability of a technology. Often stated generally, with details left unspecified.","topic":"Actors","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: challenges to scaling by providers and sector uptake (\"attempting to scale\", \"less utilized\") fit economic/market framing, though organisational and administrative obstacles are mixed in. dimension: provider and market uptake context. uncertainty: challenges often unspecified, so the aspect is a normalization choice.","rgt":["Few_Sector_Challenges","Many_Sector_Challenges"],"significance":2,"n":4,"studies":4},"site_feasibility":{"def":"The practical and legal viability of a location for hosting an energy installation, determined by regulatory, infrastructural, economic and land-use conditions, and shaping whether and where deployment can proceed.","topic":"Planning","aspect":2,"aspect_label":"Spatial","dimension":"Technical-Scientific","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: concerns whether locations are viable, \"availability of potential sites\", so spatial rather than juridical or economic. dimension: siting assessments and feasibility analyses, not a stakeholder role. uncertainty: legal, economic and political factors blur the spatial reading. synthesis: mechanisms are stated but narrow.","rgt":["High_Site_Feasibility","Low_Site_Feasibility"],"significance":2,"n":8,"studies":4},"site_location":{"def":"The geographic placement or choice of siting for an energy technology or facility, treated as a decision and attribute of a project. It is distinct from distance criteria and from acceptance, and is described as varying across alternative locations.","topic":"Planning","aspect":2,"aspect_label":"Spatial","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: spatial, as siting concerns where a project is placed (\"alternative development locations\"). dimension: place-based acceptance, with siting shaping acceptance at local level. theoretical_significance: a recurring claimed lever (\"siting is a key lever\") without a developed mechanism.","rgt":["Well_Suited_Site","Poorly_Suited_Site"],"significance":2,"n":29,"studies":23},"social_acceptance":{"def":"The degree to which a technology, project or policy in the energy transition is received favourably by relevant publics and stakeholders. It is treated as a precondition for, or outcome of, deployment, and is linked to cost, environmental and local performance.","topic":"Social","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: framed as collective reception, \"essential for a successful energy transition\". dimension: used generically across stakeholders, leaning to broad public legitimacy rather than a single local or market role. uncertainty: relations are asserted by authors (\"crucial for ensuring\"), direction varies between enabling and influencing.","rgt":["High_Social_Acceptance","Low_Social_Acceptance"],"significance":3,"n":83,"studies":54},"social_barrier":{"def":"Societal obstacles, such as social issues or challenges, that hinder the implementation or integration of energy technologies and slow the energy transition, distinct from technological or financial barriers.","topic":"Social","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: \"societal challenges\" and \"social issues\" point to collective dynamics. dimension: policy and broad deployment context, not a specific local or market role. uncertainty: usage is generic and sometimes hypothetical (\"must be addressed before deploying\").","rgt":["Low_Social_Barrier","High_Social_Barrier"],"significance":2,"n":9,"studies":7},"social_comparison":{"def":"A process in which people evaluate their own situation, treatment or outcomes against those of others, producing judgments of relative standing. It is described as context-dependent and as a route through which differing perceptions of fairness are constructed.","topic":"Social","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: a psychological evaluative process, 'social comparison processes', closer to Sensitive than Social or Ethical. dimension: the source concerns outsourcing, not energy acceptance, so no acceptance context is defensible. uncertainty: single source. synthesis: one narrow causal claim ('led to'), so significance 2.","rgt":["Balanced_Social_Comparison","Biased_Social_Comparison"],"significance":2,"n":1,"studies":1},"social_consequence":{"def":"The effects, adverse or beneficial, intended or unintended, that energy transitions, technologies or decisions have on people's well-being and social conditions. It concerns outcomes for society rather than technical performance or the acceptance stance itself.","topic":"Social","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: effects on society and well-being, e.g. \"negative impacts on the well-being of the population\", fit the social aspect. dimension: policy and decision-making contexts such as \"top-down decision-making\" suggest socio-political framing. uncertainty: usage spans harms and \"shared socio-environmental benefits\", so the boundary with ethical or biotic aspects is loose.","rgt":["Positive_Social_Consequence","Negative_Social_Consequence"],"significance":2,"n":10,"studies":9},"social_criteria":{"def":"Social considerations, such as resident preferences and the socio-political context, treated as explicit factors or requirements in evaluating, planning or modelling energy options. They are described as shaping which systems are preferred and as limiting or enabling deployment and transition pathways.","topic":"Social","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: social factors like \"resident's preferences\" and \"socio-political context\" are collective in nature. dimension: framed in policy and planning terms, though one excerpt is local. uncertainty: relations vary between ENABLES and CONSTRAINS, so the concept is used both as a decision criterion and as a constraint.","rgt":["Integrated_Social_Criteria","Ignored_Social_Criteria"],"significance":2,"n":9,"studies":9},"social_engagement":{"def":"Active involvement of people, communities or social-science expertise in energy-related technologies and change processes, including engagement-promoting approaches such as gamification. It is portrayed as shaping attitudes, prospects of technologies and capacity for innovation and transition.","topic":"Participation","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: collective involvement fits Social. dimension: broad societal and policy context (\"government support\", \"citizens' attitudes\"). uncertainty: usage spans improved engagement, gamification and SSH scholarship, mapped as nearest concept. synthesis: relations are hedged (\"appear to have enhanced\"), so only a narrow role.","rgt":["High_Social_Engagement","Low_Social_Engagement"],"significance":2,"n":4,"studies":4},"social_equity":{"def":"The fair distribution of the benefits, burdens and opportunities of energy transition measures across social groups and communities, used as a criterion for evaluating transition plans and deployment outcomes. It is distinct from procedural fairness in decision-making.","topic":"Social","aspect":14,"aspect_label":"Ethical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: equity concerns fairness and moral responsibility, e.g. \"social equity as a key factor\". dimension: framed at policy and planning level rather than a single local or market role. uncertainty: overlaps with benefit_distribution and procedural_justice; links to acceptance are hedged (\"might increase acceptance\"). Significance: proposed evaluation criterion.","rgt":["High_Social_Equity","Low_Social_Equity"],"significance":3,"n":7,"studies":4},"social_identity_role":{"def":"The multiple roles or social positions with which an individual identifies, understood as a possible influence on the narratives they construct about technological development. It concerns self-identification in social roles rather than attitudes or demographic traits.","topic":"Social","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: roles people identify with are social positions, so Social. dimension: the excerpt concerns historical narratives by authors, not a clear acceptance context. uncertainty: single source; the relation is an investigated claim (\"how the multiple roles ... influenced\"), so significance is not rated.","rgt":["Diverse_Role_Identification","Narrow_Role_Identification"],"significance":null,"n":1,"studies":1},"social_innovation":{"def":"New social arrangements, practices and relationships, distinct from technological innovation, that are framed as a complement to technical change in shifting energy systems and in supporting the growth of energy sectors.","topic":"Social","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: collective practices and networks, \"existing systems of social innovation\". dimension: framed at systemic level of transition, not local residents or consumers. uncertainty: sparse evidence, only 4 sources; dimension partly inferred. synthesis: \"cannot solely rely on technological innovation\" states a mechanism.","rgt":["Strong_Social_Innovation","Weak_Social_Innovation"],"significance":3,"n":6,"studies":4},"social_learning":{"def":"A collective process through which people build shared understanding of a complex technology or problem, fostered through media narratives and structured deliberation. It centres on interactive knowledge development rather than one-way information transfer.","topic":"Knowledge","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: learning is framed as collective, via \"broader social learning\" and \"deliberations\", so Social over Analytical. dimension: public-level engagement on CCS and climate change suggests broader societal context. uncertainty: only two excerpts; Lingual or Analytical readings possible.","rgt":["Extensive_Social_Learning","Limited_Social_Learning"],"significance":2,"n":2,"studies":2},"social_network":{"def":"The web of social ties and relationships among people, through which information and influence circulate and which is linked to individuals' beliefs, risk views and willingness to adopt a technology.","topic":"Social","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: social ties among villagers, 'social network has a significant impact'. dimension: household adoption of rooftop PV, a consumer adoption context. uncertainty: single source; the network's structure and measurement are not specified. synthesis: mediation via 'perceived risk' and TAM beliefs gives an explicit mechanism.","rgt":["Strong_Supportive_Network","Weak_Isolated_Network"],"significance":3,"n":6,"studies":1},"social_norm":{"def":"Shared expectations, group-held views or socially conveyed signals about what others approve of or do, which guide individual and collective responses to energy technologies and the transition. Distinct from personal attitudes in originating in the social environment, such as peers, communities or authorities.","topic":"Social","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: collective expectations like \"support from community members\" are social relations. dimension: examples span public acceptance and broad decarbonization, not one local or market role. uncertainty: some mappings are loose, e.g. socio-psychological processes and regionalism were mapped to this code.","rgt":["Supportive_Social_Norm","Unsupportive_Social_Norm"],"significance":2,"n":12,"studies":9},"socio-technical_narrative":{"def":"A shared story or framing that links technologies, actors and societal goals, through which groups construct and negotiate meaning about an energy option or the transition. Distinct from a business case, it supplies a compelling, stable account that legitimises and orients deployment.","topic":"Communication","aspect":9,"aspect_label":"Lingual","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: narratives are meaning-making and framing, so Lingual rather than Fiducial. dimension: excerpts concern 'social mandate' and public legitimacy of the transition. uncertainty: narrative also links to community acceptance and siting, and some uses border on worldview. synthesis: only a few mechanisms are articulated.","rgt":["Compelling_Stable_Narrative","Absent_Fragmented_Narrative"],"significance":3,"n":9,"studies":7},"sociotechnical_approach":{"def":"A way of designing, governing or implementing energy technologies that treats technical and social factors together, rather than separately, drawing on approaches such as responsible innovation or whole-value-chain thinking. It is distinct from purely technical design.","topic":"Planning","aspect":8,"aspect_label":"Formative","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: the approach concerns how systems and innovations are designed, e.g. \"steer the design of innovations\". dimension: contexts vary (building energy management design, responsible innovation indicators, value chains), with no predominant acceptance role. uncertainty: the code groups heterogeneous approximations such as RRI and circular economy.","rgt":["Integrated_Sociotechnical_Design","Purely_Technical_Design"],"significance":2,"n":10,"studies":10},"solar_business":{"def":"Commercial firms and entrepreneurs that supply, install or market solar energy technology. They are treated as supply-side actors whose establishment and growth depend on motivation and conditions, and who in turn shape deployment, awareness and public backing.","topic":"Actors","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Market_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: businesses operating in solar PV, 'support the growth of solar businesses', are economic actors. dimension: supply-side firms and market establishment suggest market context. uncertainty: sources also link businesses to public support and education, which are socio-political, so the dimension is not fully clear-cut.","rgt":["Thriving_Solar_Business","Stifled_Solar_Business"],"significance":2,"n":5,"studies":2},"stakeholder_assurance":{"def":"Confidence given to stakeholders that a project is being managed safely and effectively, conveyed through visible practices such as monitoring and risk disclosure. It is a communicative reassurance role distinct from regulatory compliance, and its relation to monitoring intensity is treated as an open question.","topic":"Communication","aspect":15,"aspect_label":"Fiducial","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: assurance concerns confidence and trust, \"assure stakeholders\", though its delivery is communicative (9). dimension: stakeholders and neighbouring communities suggest place-based acceptance, but roles are not explicit. uncertainty: monitoring may either reassure or signal higher risk.","rgt":["High_Stakeholder_Assurance","Low_Stakeholder_Assurance"],"significance":2,"n":3,"studies":2},"stakeholder_perspective":{"def":"The views, perceptions, values and concerns held by different actors affected by or involved in energy technologies and the transition. Such views are treated as differing across stakeholder groups and as shaping how technologies are judged and which options are pursued.","topic":"Actors","aspect":10,"aspect_label":"Social","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: views of actor groups across \"state, market, community and third sector spheres\" are collective and social. dimension: multi-sphere stakeholders suggest broad institutional acceptance, though local support also appears. uncertainty: could be read as Sensitive (perceptions). synthesis: hypothesized links, e.g. views \"influence technology performance and suitability\".","rgt":["Inclusive_Stakeholder_Perspectives","Excluded_Stakeholder_Perspectives"],"significance":2,"n":19,"studies":16},"support":{"def":"A favourable stance toward an energy technology, project or policy, expressed as backing it. Treated as an outcome shaped by attitudes, beliefs, expectations and social cues, and as a step toward broader acceptance.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: support is an evaluative stance, e.g. \"support for the project is shaped by both general attitudes\", so Sensitive rather than Fiducial. dimension: contexts span residents (wind farm), message experiments and policy measures, with no clear predominance. uncertainty: support overlaps with attitude and acceptance.","rgt":["High_Support","Low_Support"],"significance":2,"n":43,"studies":15},"sustainability_criteria":{"def":"Standards or conditions used to judge whether an energy technology or system is environmentally and socially sustainable. They are treated as a precondition for adequate design and deployment, and are shaped by government action and limited by fossil dependence and infrastructure.","topic":"Environment","aspect":14,"aspect_label":"Ethical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: criteria express normative standards for judging sustainability, near Ethical, though Juridical or Analytical readings are possible. dimension: government and policy roles ('role of governments in enhancing solar PV sustainability') suggest institutional legitimacy. uncertainty: sometimes used as a general sustainability outcome rather than criteria.","rgt":["Strong_Sustainability_Criteria","Weak_Sustainability_Criteria"],"significance":2,"n":11,"studies":10},"technological_advancement":{"def":"Improvement or innovation in energy-related technologies and tools, such as distributed energy technologies or immersive visualisation, regarded as a driver that can enhance performance, feasibility and adoption and support energy transitions.","topic":"Technology","aspect":8,"aspect_label":"Formative","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: innovation anchors to Formative, e.g. \"technological advancements\" as pivotal factors. dimension: uses span transition policy, assessment tools and adoption, with no predominant stakeholder context. uncertainty: the code covers heterogeneous technologies, from distributed energy to extended reality. synthesis: explicit enabling mechanisms appear, but narrowly.","rgt":["Rapid_Technological_Advancement","Stagnant_Technology"],"significance":3,"n":31,"studies":29},"technological_barrier":{"def":"Technical limitations or shortcomings of a technology or its supporting systems that hinder its diffusion, adoption or implementation. It is distinguished from institutional, financial and social barriers, though it is reported alongside them and may be triggered by them.","topic":"Technology","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: technical limitations ('technical limitations', 'technological ... obstacles') concern material and energy-system properties, so Physical. dimension: contexts span solar diffusion, BIPV adoption and corporate implementation with no predominant stakeholder role. uncertainty: some uses blur technical, economic and institutional obstacles. synthesis: limited mechanism, e.g. institutional barriers 'trigger' technological ones.","rgt":["Low_Technological_Barrier","High_Technological_Barrier"],"significance":2,"n":8,"studies":8},"technological_maturity":{"def":"The degree of development, refinement and readiness of a technology, from early-stage to proven and commercially reliable, including its performance and robustness. It is treated as a technical condition that limits or enables deployment and shapes efficiency and cost.","topic":"Technology","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Technical-Scientific","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: refers to technical readiness and performance, e.g. \"early stage of FPV technology\", \"aerodynamic refinement\", so Physical rather than Formative. dimension: evaluated in technical performance terms. uncertainty: relations list both constrains and enables deployment, and acceptance links are only influence claims.","rgt":["High_Technological_Maturity","Low_Technological_Maturity"],"significance":2,"n":10,"studies":10},"technology_acceptance":{"def":"The willingness of people to accept, tolerate or take up a specific energy technology, as distinct from general acceptance of the energy transition. It is described as varying with social position, siting, design, perception and risk, and as shaping whether the technology can be deployed.","topic":"Behavior","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: treated as an attitudinal response, \"accept new energy technologies\", so Sensitive rather than Fiducial. dimension: contexts mix residents (\"location and design\"), citizens and market uptake with no clear predominance. uncertainty: overlaps with the generic code acceptance. synthesis: mostly hypothesised influences.","rgt":["High_Technology_Acceptance","Low_Technology_Acceptance"],"significance":2,"n":20,"studies":15},"technology_assessment":{"def":"The systematic evaluation of a technology's characteristics, implications and suitability, including participatory or literature-based appraisal, used to inform which options are pursued in energy transitions.","topic":"Research","aspect":7,"aspect_label":"Analytical","dimension":"Technical-Scientific","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: evaluation of technologies is an analytical procedure, e.g. \"plays a critical role in the choice of specific pathways\". dimension: assessment context. uncertainty: usage ranges from participatory games to literature reviews, and one example is only a loose mapping.","rgt":["Comprehensive_Technology_Assessment","Limited_Technology_Assessment"],"significance":2,"n":4,"studies":3},"technology_choice":{"def":"The selection among available energy technologies or technology options, by individuals, households or planners, for example in a portfolio or hybrid configuration. It is treated both as an outcome shaped by attitudes, information and cost, and as a decision that may affect acceptance, awareness and cost.","topic":"Technology","aspect":8,"aspect_label":"Formative","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: choosing and configuring technology options (\"choice of energy technologies within their portfolio\", hybrid stations) is a design/formative decision. dimension: contexts mix individual portfolio choice, hybrid station planning and smart homes, with no predominant role. uncertainty: smart home use is a loose fit.","rgt":["Informed_Technology_Choice","Uninformed_Technology_Choice"],"significance":2,"n":19,"studies":13},"technology_knowledge":{"def":"The level of familiarity with and understanding of an energy technology, including new technologies, held by people. Distinct from general attitudes or education, it is reported as a factor that may shape support, interest and acceptance, and may limit uptake when low.","topic":"Knowledge","aspect":7,"aspect_label":"Analytical","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: knowledge and understanding of technology, such as 'familiarity with the technology', fits analytical distinction. dimension: contexts are mixed (municipal transition, local support, public opinion) with no clear predominance. uncertainty: directions of influence are often unstated.","rgt":["High_Technology_Knowledge","Low_Technology_Knowledge"],"significance":2,"n":6,"studies":6},"technology_performance":{"def":"The technical effectiveness of an energy technology, such as fuel quality, combustion efficiency or suitability, as achieved and evaluated. It is distinct from public acceptance and is portrayed as shaped by technical development and stakeholder views, and as bearing on viability and deployment.","topic":"Technology","aspect":4,"aspect_label":"Physical","dimension":"Technical-Scientific","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: refers to fuel properties like \"calorific value and combustion efficiency\", i.e. physical/energy-system qualities. dimension: technical evaluation context. uncertainty: Example 1 treats performance as shaped by stakeholder views, and Example 3 uses it for technologies' viability, so usage is mixed.","rgt":["High_Technology_Performance","Low_Technology_Performance"],"significance":3,"n":14,"studies":11},"tipping_dynamics":{"def":"Nonlinear shifts in the uptake of energy technologies, such as wind and solar power, where change accelerates once a threshold is crossed. These shifts may cascade into other parts of the energy system, including demand sectors.","topic":"Technology","aspect":3,"aspect_label":"Kinematic","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: temporal dynamics of accelerating change, 'tipping dynamics in wind and solar power'. dimension: framed at system and institutional level, tied to 'institutional reforms'. uncertainty: only one source, so the Kinematic reading and the dimension rest on thin evidence. synthesis: significance 2 for a narrow claim about spillover.","rgt":["Rapid_Self_Reinforcing_Uptake","Slow_Incremental_Uptake"],"significance":2,"n":2,"studies":1},"top_down_decision_making":{"def":"A centralised mode of governing energy projects and policies in which authorities or planners set choices and impose them on affected people, with limited input from them. It contrasts with participatory approaches and is linked to conflict, unequal outcomes and unintended social effects.","topic":"Governance","aspect":13,"aspect_label":"Juridical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: institutional governance and authority over decisions fit Juridical. dimension: cues like \"top-down governance system\" and \"imposed\" point to institutional legitimacy. Evidence is consistent across sources, with relations stating it constrains participation and fuels conflict.","rgt":["Participatory_Decision_Making","Top_Down_Decision_Making"],"significance":3,"n":10,"studies":9},"tourism":{"def":"The coastal and regional visitor economy, treated as an economic sector and local pillar that energy technology deployment may affect and whose perceived importance or benefit may shape stakeholder support.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: tourism is framed as an economic pillar (\"main pillars of the MED economy\") and an industry that may benefit. dimension: place-based concern about coastal impacts and tourists' attitudes suggests community acceptance. uncertainty: tourism is also treated as a visitor group, and the effects described are hypothetical.","rgt":["Tourism_Protected","Tourism_Harmed"],"significance":2,"n":3,"studies":3},"transition_planning":{"def":"The strategic design and organisation of plans and approaches that guide the shift to new energy systems, drawing on evidence about feasibility, acceptance and equity. It is framed as a prerequisite for energy transitions rather than the transition itself.","topic":"Planning","aspect":8,"aspect_label":"Formative","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: \"strategic plans\" and \"integrated approaches\" to \"guide transformation processes\" indicate formative planning. dimension: institutional and policy-level planning, though community acceptance is also mentioned. uncertainty: it both ENABLES and CONSTRAINS energy_transition, so its role is ambiguous.","rgt":["Integrated_Strategic_Planning","Fragmented_Ad_Hoc_Planning"],"significance":2,"n":5,"studies":4},"trust":{"def":"A stakeholder's confident reliance on actors, institutions or processes involved in a technology or project, treated as an affective and relational orientation. It is distinct from acceptance and risk perception, and is examined as a factor linked to engagement quality and technology evaluation.","topic":"Social","aspect":15,"aspect_label":"Fiducial","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: trust anchors in conviction and reliance (\"trust in industry, trust in municipalities\"), though framed as an \"affective influence\" (Sensitive reading possible). dimension: trust targets institutions and engagement processes, but also local acceptance, so predominance is moderate. synthesis: appears as mechanism toward acceptance, adoption and risk perception.","rgt":["High_Trust","Low_Trust"],"significance":3,"n":32,"studies":26},"uncertainty":{"def":"A state of incomplete knowledge about technical, legal, policy or future outcomes of a technology, often linked to lacking data or novelty. It is experienced as risk or doubt and appears as an affective factor that inhibits investment, adoption and acceptance.","topic":"Risk","aspect":6,"aspect_label":"Sensitive","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: treated as an affective influence (\"affective influences - uncertainty, control, trust\"), though also tied to investor risk and data gaps (Sensitive vs Analytical). dimension: contexts span investors (\"CCS investment\"), adopters and local acceptance, with no clear predominance. theoretical_significance: constrains several outcomes, but mechanisms are thinly articulated.","rgt":["Low_Uncertainty","High_Uncertainty"],"significance":3,"n":7,"studies":7},"viability":{"def":"The capacity of a technology, project or sector to be established and sustained in practice, treated as a condition shaped by enabling and constraining factors such as institutional support, coordination, social and environmental conditions.","topic":"Economics","aspect":11,"aspect_label":"Economic","dimension":"Undefined","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: viability read as financial and operational feasibility, e.g. \"financing structure\", \"fundamental for its viability\". dimension: contexts mix government/policy, community and sector actors with no clear predominance. uncertainty: some uses are broader than economic feasibility (technical, social).","rgt":["High_Viability","Low_Viability"],"significance":2,"n":7,"studies":6},"visual_impact":{"def":"The perceived visual intrusion or change that an energy installation introduces into a landscape or view, depending on its siting, design and density. It is treated as a factor shaping acceptance, attitudes and preferences, and sometimes compensable.","topic":"Environment","aspect":12,"aspect_label":"Aesthetic","dimension":"Community_Acceptance","confidence":"HIGH","reasoning":"aspect: concerns visual quality and landscape change (\"risk of landscape change\"). dimension: place-based concerns of residents, tourists and coastal communities. uncertainty: effects vary, e.g. \"positive utility\" in one choice experiment.","rgt":["Low_Visual_Impact","High_Visual_Impact"],"significance":2,"n":16,"studies":14},"vulnerable_households":{"def":"Households or population groups especially exposed to harm from energy transition measures, such as price changes, technology deployment or energy poverty, owing to limited material standing, welfare support or livelihood security.","topic":"Social","aspect":14,"aspect_label":"Ethical","dimension":"Socio-Political_Acceptance","confidence":"MEDIUM","reasoning":"aspect: excerpts stress justice tension, \"jeopardize the lives and wellbeing of those already most vulnerable\", so Ethical rather than Economic. dimension: concern with policy and pricing effects on groups suggests broad policy legitimacy. uncertainty: vulnerability is also framed economically via material standing.","rgt":["Protected_Households","Exposed_Households"],"significance":2,"n":4,"studies":3}}}